X波段行波管阳极控制电子枪设计

大功率电子枪设计中的主要问题是如何构成强流电子束和使电子枪中电子束聚焦。利用差值计算的方法初步确定了电子枪几何尺寸参数,进而应用数值模拟的方法计算了电子枪的结构及束流特性,设计了应用于X波段连续波大功率行波管的阳极控制电子枪。该电子枪设计参数为：阳极调制,导流系数为0．44μP,射程大于37mm,注腰半径为1mm。结果表明,该电子枪可完全满足x波段连续波大功率行波管对互作用电子束的要求。     

S波段大功率行波管电子枪设计

采用皮尔斯电子枪综合法设计，并在综合法设计中引入圆筒电极聚焦和双阳极设置概念，再通过Egu。数值模拟、优化，方便、快速设计出了S波段大功率螺旋线行波管高导流系数、大电流、高电流密度电子注电子枪，该电子枪成功加工装配在行波管整管中。     

W 波段回旋行波管双阳极磁控注入电子枪的设计

回旋行波管是大功率、高频率的微波毫米波器件。根据W波段回旋行波管的要求,设计了双阳级磁控注入电子枪。由电子光学理论,计算得到电子枪的初始参量,然后利用粒子模拟软件MAGIC构造电子枪模型,分析电子枪各个参数对电子注性能的影响,为电子枪设计优化提供了一定的依据。最后优化得到符合设计要求的低速度零散电子枪结构。电子枪阳极电压为70kV,电流10A,电子注速比1.07,电子注横向速度零散0.8%。     

星载栅控行波管电子光学系统设计与实验研究

设计了X波段1600 W星载栅控行波管电子光学系统,详细介绍了电子枪和周期永磁聚焦系统的设计过程,分析了磁场峰值对电子注注腰位置的影响,以此为基础优化了过渡区的磁场,获得电子注与磁系统的良好匹配.在此基础上进行了实验验证,经测试静态流通率达到99.4％,满足了整管的设计需求.     

S波段多注速调管电子枪设计

介绍了一种应用于S波段同轴腔高功率多注速调管的电子枪设计方案。该电子枪总电子注数目为40个(内层19个,外层21个),工作电压为60 kV,总电流为300 A(平均分配在40个电子注上),单注导流系数为0.51μP,总导流系数为20.4μP,设计的阴极电流发射密度小于12 A/cm²,电子枪内最大场强为16.6 kV/mm。为使系统小型化,采用周期反转永磁聚焦系统约束电子注,聚焦系统由四组磁钢形成三个磁场均匀区,三个均匀区的磁场逐级增大,最小磁场强度为0.11 T,最大磁场强度为0.12 T。采用三维计算软件对电子注静电轨迹、磁场分布及聚焦轨迹进行了计算和优化,设计的多注电子枪电子注通过率达到了100%。     

螺旋线行波管的三维互作用仿真方法研究

采用了CST工作室套装TM电磁仿真软件对一个典型的Ku波段螺旋线行波管的电子枪、磁聚焦系统、慢波结构和注一波互作用的非线性过程进行了三维的静电场、静磁场、粒子跟踪、本征模、粒子模拟的仿真和分析,得到了该行波管电子枪导流系数、慢波结构冷测特性以及输出功率和增益等参数,仿真所得数据与实测数据相符,证明了三维数值仿真全管的可行性,为后期设计和优化奠定基础。     

X 波段高功率连续波速调管设计

本文给出了X 波段250kW 连续波速调管电子枪及注-波互作用系统的设计。注-波互作用系统由6 个腔组成,一 维大信号程序计算结果表明互作用效率大于50%,增益大于50dB。设计的电子枪导流系数1.0μp,采用电磁线包聚焦系 统,优化计算得到电子注填充比0.6,电子注波动小于6%。     

均匀磁聚焦和周期磁聚焦部分屏蔽流过渡区的设计

本文叙述均匀磁聚焦和周期磁聚焦部分屏蔽流过渡区设计的一种方法,指出对于阳极电位与慢波线电位不同的电子光学系统,以及这两个电位虽然相同,但导流系数大,阳极孔效应严重的电子光学系统,它们的过渡区的设计,必须采用非等位空间中的傍轴电子轨迹方程。并对用部分屏蔽流周期磁聚焦的电子光学系统,电子枪区中的电子轨迹与磁力线重合的问题提出一些看法。     

FDTD方法及其在多注电子光学系统研究中的应用

采用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法对L波段100 kW多注速调管的单个电子枪进行三维模拟计算,通过设置最小网格尺寸和发射时间间隔,得出的电流和导流系数与采用EGUN等软件计算的结果相一致,通过从MAFIA中导入三维磁场数据,模拟了位于径向不同位置处电子注通道的电子轨迹,研究发现在磁场均匀性较好的情况下,位于径向不同位置处的电子轨迹相差很小,同时讨论了如何减少模拟时间的问题.本文最后计算了多个注的电子枪,求得了电流值和导流系数,从中导入数据可以分段模拟多注速调管高频互作用段的注波互作用,以及收集极区域的电子发散.     

Ka波段高压缩比电子光学系统的分析与设计

微波电真空器件向高功率、高频率、宽频带、高效率和小型化方向发展,对电子光学系统的要求也日益增高。文中设计了工作于Ka 波段的扩展互作用速调管(Extended Interaction Klystron, EIK)高压缩比电子枪,利用二维仿真软件E-GUN 和三维仿真软件Opera-3D 对轴对称电子束在均匀永磁聚焦磁场内运动状态进行建模并仿真计算。相关结果表明,在阳极电压25 kV、注电流2.5 A、阴极面电流密度不超过12A/cm2 的条件下,面压缩比约为85,电子注以良好的刚性通过互作用区域。     

Low convergent confined-flow Pierce gun for a space TWT

An approach for designing an electron gun for a high efficiency, high linearity space traveling wave tube (TWT), has been presented. A low convergent (<10?:?1) Pierce electron gun of beam perveance 0.43?μP has been designed for a high gain, high linearity and high efficiency C-band 60?W Space TWT using in-house developed two-dimensional FDM based gun and collector simulation code PIERCE. In this gun, the first anode (isolated from the ground anode) has been kept nearly 100?V above the ground anode to act as an ion barrier for increasing cathode life and to regulate beam current over the lifetime of the tube. An M-type dispenser cathode of diameter 3.20?mm has been used for cathode loading of less than 1.0?A/cm² and heater wattage around 3.0?W. The magnetic focusing with integral-pole-piece barrel assembly and periodic-permanent magnets (PPM) have been designed using in house developed two-dimensional FDM based code SUNMAG. The practical problem of linking requisite cathode flux to the cathode for confined flow of the electron beam with low convergence factor has been sorted out by gradually increasing the PPM magnetic field. The magnetic field has been increased in steps from the gun and over the first five magnets varying from Brillouin field (B _B) value to twice B _B for achieving the electron beam with scalloping less than 10%. Agreements between the simulated results and the experimental results for the beam current and magnetic field profile have been achieved within 8%. The dynamic beam transmission (under rf operation of the tube) has been achieved better than 98% in the tube.     

基于Spindt冷阴极的行波管电子枪设计

针对X波段小型化Spindt冷阴极螺旋线行波管进行了电子枪设计.基于皮尔斯型电子枪结构,联合PPM高频聚焦系统,以电子注聚焦特性为优化目标,采用CST粒子工作室对电子枪结构和工作参数进行了优化设计,获得了 30 mA工作电流下电子注填充比为0.68的良好电子注聚焦.在此电子枪结构和高频结构下,分析了特定电流下电子注聚焦...     

An Iron-Free Magnetron-Injection-Gun for a 28GHz, 200kW Gyroklystron Amplifier

A design study of a double-anode magnetron-injection-gun is performed to incorporate the electron gun into a high power 28GHz gyroklystron amplifier operating at 70kV and 8.2A. The electron gun is designed to be used in a tapered magnetic field in the cathode region produced from an iron-free superconducting magnet. An electron trajectory code predicts a beam axial velocity spread of 5.9% at α = 1.5, 70kV, 8.2A and 10.4kG, which is a high quality electron beam suitable for the high gain, high efficiency, five-cavity gyroklystron amplifier. The successful design of the high quality electron gun is attributed to a longer gap between the modulating anode and the grounded anode compared with the case of the first 28GHz electron gun built with an iron enclosed electromagnet.     

场致发射阵列阴极电子枪的设计及模拟研究

讨论了微波管用电子枪的一般参数和要求，对于在微波管中应用场发射阵列阴极电子枪的情况作了分析，表明其中存在的主要问题是电子注散焦。通过比较场发射电子注聚焦的几种方法，利用传统电子枪整体聚焦的思想，初步设计了一个场发射阵列阴极电子枪模型，它包括场致发射阵列阴极，一个Whelnelt电极，一个聚焦电极和一个阳极。通过利用Mafia软件对电子注轨迹的模拟计算，对电子枪的聚焦部分进行了改进。     

Thermal velocity effects in magnetically confined beams

The spreading of magnetically confined electron beams caused by thermal velocities has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. An analysis of the spreading of confined beams of various geometries (strip, rectangular, and cylindrical) is presented. The thermal spreading of a confined cylindrical beam was measured at the anode of a parallel-flow Pierce gun. A transparent fluorescent screen was used for the anode. The spot size at the anode was measured as a function of magnetic field and an attempt made to relate the results to the theory.     

利用电子注分析器研究电子枪性能

本文介绍了电子注分析器系统和电子枪电子光学实验的研究,分别对栅控电子枪和阳控电子枪进行了测试,得到了电子注运动轨迹和电流密度分布,并将阳控电子枪的实验结果与实际设计数据和OPERA计算结果进行比较分析,获得了较好的一致性。结果表明,电子枪的电子光学研究可以验证计算模拟结果,有效地为电子枪的结构设计提供实际参考数据。     

On the performance of high perveance electron guns

A design of high perveance electron gun has recently been proposed by Müller. An experimental investigation has been made of the electron beams produced from: 1) a gun designed directly from Müller's charts, and 2) a gun whose design is a modification of the Müller design to make it more suitable for high-voltage operation. The perveance in each case was about 2 × 10^-6. The distribution of the current density and the profile of the beam were examined, either by allowing the beam to fall on a plate coated with carbon, or by measuring the current passing through a pinhole in a screen which could be moved across the beam at a number of axial positions. Electrostatic experiments showed that the beams were initially annular, but further along the axis the current density became highest at the center. This is attributed to crossing trajectories resulting from lens aberrations in an anode aperture whose diameter is comparable with the cathode-anode spacing. With magnetic focusing, the current density distribution across the beam varied periodically along the axis to an extent which depended critically on the magnetic field conditions in the accelerating region of the gun.     

Simulation of electron-optical forming systems with highly compressed electron beams

A method of synthesis is developed, equations are derived, and the results are obtained via this method for the simulation of systems that form high-intensity electron beams with a high compression. The relatively high compression of a beam is realized owing to both a faster (in comparison with a variation in the accompanying magnetic field) increase in the axial component of the magnetic field at a certain plane in the gun region and to selection of the length of the region in the gun where the potential increases. Electron-optical systems with beams whose structure is substantially affected by electron thermal velocities are considered. Relationships that allow determination of the initial parameters of the beam and the focusing magnetic field during the synthesis of such systems are presented.