电控直列泵─管─阀─嘴柴油喷射系统的机液特性研究

电控直列泵─管─阀─嘴（PPVI）柴油喷射系统是一种新型的电磁阀溢流控制式直列泵喷油系统,通过分析该系统内部的压力波动过程,确定电磁控制阀在高压油路中的连接方式和最佳位置,揭示该系统的喷油量、喷油定时、喷油压力及喷油速率等方面的喷射特性,通过系统结构设计、硬件调整和软件标定解决多缸机系统的油量均匀性问题,进行电控柴油机的台架试验,表明喷射特性的可控性及其对整机综合性能的改善效果。     

基于PWM的柴油机共轨式电控系统

采用脉宽调制信号对二位三通高速电磁开关阀进行驱动控制,能够灵活地对喷油量、喷油正时进行控制,采用PWM控制方式对柴油机共轨式电控系统进行控制。主要分析了柴油机共轨式电控燃烧油喷射系统关键部件——高速开关电磁阀的结构、PWM控制原理,以及由电控单元所产生的脉宽调制信号控制下的高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性。     

车用柴油机电控高压喷油系统与欧Ⅲ排放标准

为了满足日益严格的排放控制法规,提高燃油喷射压力、控制喷油速率、控制喷油正时成为未来柴油机的发展趋势.详细介绍了电控单体泵喷油系统工作原理.采用此系统理论上可以达到欧Ⅲ排放标准.     

Correlation analysis of factors influencing the electronic unit pump cycle fuel injection quantity under overall operating conditions for diesel engines

Electronic unit pump (EUP) can satisfy both diesel engine emission legislation and fuel economy by improving injection pressure and numerical control. Fluctuations in cycle fuel injection quantity (CFIQ) of EUP determine the coherence and stability of the EUP fuel injection system. The EUP simulation model is developed in the AMESim environment. The method for the simulation experiment is designed in the MODDE environment using the design of experiments method. The results of the simulation reveal the variation laws of correlation between parameters with interaction or no interaction under overall operating conditions of diesel engines. In addition, the results also show the EUP system is a complex nonlinear system. Under overall operating conditions, all the characteristic parameters, such as fuel supply pressure, cam profile velocity, control valve lift, injector opening pressure, injector needle lift, and injector flow coefficient, have significant correlation with CFIQ. The interacting first-order factors exhibit the most significant correlation with CFIQ. The self-interacting second-order factors have significant secondary correlation with CFIQ.     

基于高速开关电磁阀PWM控制的汽车ABS研究

在汽车防抱死制动系统的控制过程中,一般由电子控制单元控制二位三通高速开关电磁阀来实现制动轮缸压力的增压、保压和减压3种状态控制.为了提高系统响应速度和控制精度,采用PWM控制高速开关电磁阀的液压制动式防抱死制动系统,分析了高速电磁开关阀结构型式及工作原理、PWM信号控制的ABS系统以及PWM信号控制过程.     

基于PWM控制的高速开关电磁阀在汽车防抱死制动系统中的应用

在汽车防抱死制动系统(简称ABS)的控制过程中,一般是由电子控制单元控制二位三通的高速开关电磁阀来实现制动轮缸的压力增压、保压和减压三种状态的控制.为了提高系统的响应速度和控制精度,研究采用PWM控制高速开关电磁阀的液压制动式防抱死制动系统,分析了PWM控制原理、高速开关电磁阀的工作特性以及高速开关电磁阀在汽车防抱死制动装置中的具体应用.     

直动型气动电磁阀综合性能测试系统研究

针对目前国内对直动式气动电磁阀测试存在的不足问题,采用高速数据采集系统,应用计算机控制技术,设计了电磁阀综合性能检测系统.测试项目主要有动态特性检测、密封性检测、疲劳寿命测试,并首次引入了最低先导压力的测试,突破了以往只针对单个参数测试的局限.为验证系统的准确性,设计完善了一种基于MATLAB/Simulink的电磁阀动态仿真模型,可应用于电磁阀设计时的多参数仿真和优化设计.运用仿真模型和测试系统,测试、分析了气路压力条件对电磁阀性能的影响,确定了电磁阀测试或使用时的最佳气路压力条件.实验结果表明:该系统能很好地对电磁阀的综合性能进行评判,系统时间分辨率达到0.1ms,压力分辨率0.1 kPa.     

Analysis upon fuel injection quantity variation of common rail system for diesel engines

Fuel injection quantity variation of common rail system has effect on the stability and reliability of diesel engines. For purpose of investigating the influence rule and mechanism of fuel injection quantity variation caused by parameters, taking account of the influence of fuel physical properties on dynamic injection characteristics of the system, a bond graph model of common rail injector has been proposed based on bond graph methodology and the state equations of the system are obtained. Comparisons between calculated fuel injection quantities by the numerical model and experimental measurements at different rail pressures and injection pulse widths indicate that the developed model can reasonably predict the fuel injection quantity characteristic of the system. Fuel injection quantity variation characteristics caused by the parameters of common rail injector have been analyzed in entire operating conditions. The selected parameters are delivery chamber diameter, needle seat semi-angle, needle cone semi-angle, ball valve seat semi-angle, nozzle hole diameter, inlet orifice diameter and outlet orifice diameter. The variation rules of quantitative percentages are obtained by quantitative analysis upon fuel injection quantity variation influential factors. It is concluded that ball valve seat semi-angle, nozzle hole diameter, inlet orifice diameter and outlet orifice diameter have the most significant effect on fuel injection quantity variation, and the followed are delivery chamber diameter and needle seat semi-angle. In addition, needle cone semi-angle also results in the variation of fuel injection quantity, but the effect is insignificant.

     

汽车智能制动系统(IBS)电磁阀温度场分析

隔离电磁阀是汽车智能制动系统的核心部件,温度对电磁阀的控制性能有重要影响。基于傅里叶热传导定律和牛顿冷却方程,利用Ansys软件对IBS隔离电磁阀内部温度分布及热量传递进行仿真分析,结合实验得出电磁阀长时间工作最终处于一种热平衡状态,仿真结果与实验误差不超过5%,说明仿真方法具有较高的可行性。运用拟合的方法得出电磁阀稳态温度与影响因数的函数关系,为后续产品检测提供参考。     

基于深度强化学习的混合动力汽车智能跟车控制与能量管理策略研究

以研究智能混合动力汽车控制技术与深度强化学习算法为目标,首先,在两辆混合动力汽车的跟驰环境中,针对领航车提出一种基于深度值网络算法的能量管理策略,实现深度强化学习对发动机与机械式无级变速器的多目标协同控制;其次,针对跟随车建立基于深度强化学习的分层控制模型,实现面向智能混合动力汽车的上层跟车控制与下层能量管理;最后,仿真验证分层控制模型的有效性。结果表明,基于深度强化学习的跟车控制策略具有理想的跟踪性能;同时,基于深度强化学习的能量管理策略在领航车与跟随车中均实现了较好的燃油经济性;此外,基于深度强化学习的能量管理策略输出每组控制动作的平均时间为1.66 ms,保证了实时应用的潜力。     

A mathematical model for the prediction of the injected mass diagram of a S.I. engine gas injector

A mathematical model of gaseous fuel solenoid injector for spark ignition engine has been realized and validated through experimental data. The gas injector was studied with particular reference to the complex needle motion during the opening and closing phases, which strongly affects the amount of fuel injected. As is known, in fact, when the injector nozzle is widely open, the mass flow depends only on the fluid pressure and temperature upstream the injector: this allows one to control the injected fuel mass acting on the “injection time” (the period during which the injector solenoid is energized). This makes the correlation between the injected fuel mass and the injection time linear, except for the lower injection times, where we experimentally observed strong nonlinearities. These nonlinearities arise by the injector outflow area variation caused by the needle bounces due to impacts during the opening and closing transients [1] and may seriously compromise the mixture quality control, thus increasing both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, above all because the S.I. catalytic conversion system has a very low efficiency for non-stoichiometric mixtures. Moreover, in recent works [2, 3] we tested the simultaneous combustion of a gaseous fuel (compressed natural gas, CNG, or liquefied petroleum gas, LPG) and gasoline in a spark ignition engine obtaining great improvement both in engine efficiency and pollutant emissions with respect to pure gasoline operation mode; this third operating mode of bi-fuel engines, called “double fuel” combustion, requires small amounts of gaseous fuel, hence forcing the injectors to work in the non-monotonic zone of the injected mass diagram, where the control on air-fuel ratio is poor. Starting from these considerations we investigated the fuel injector dynamics with the aim to improve its performance in the low injection times range. The first part of this paper deals with the realization of a mathematical model for the prediction of both the needle motion and the injected mass for choked flow condition, while the second part presents the model calibration and validation, performed by means of experimental data obtained on the engine test bed of the internal combustion engine laboratory of the University of Palermo.     

Model-based optimization of injection strategies for SI engine gas injectors

A mathematical model for the prediction of the mass injected by a gaseous fuel solenoid injector for spark ignition (SI) engines has been realized and validated through experimental data by the authors in a recent work [1]. The gas injector has been studied with particular reference to the complex needle motion during the opening and closing phases. Such motion may significantly affect the amount of injected fuel. When the injector nozzle is fully open, the mass flow depends only on the upstream fluid pressure and temperature. This phenomenon creates a linear relationship between the injected fuel mass and the injection time (i.e. the duration of the injection pulse), thus enabling efficient control of the injected fuel mass by simply acting on the injection time. However, a part of the injector flow chart characterized by strong nonlinearities has been experimentally observed by the authors [1]. Such nonlinearities may seriously compromise the air-fuel mixture quality control and thus increase both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions (SI engine catalytic conversion systems have very low efficiency for non-stoichiometric mixtures). These nonlinearities arise by the injector outflow area variation caused by needle impacts and bounces during the transient phenomena, which occur in the opening and closing phases of the injector. In this work, the mathematical model previously developed by the authors has been employed to study and optimize two appropriate injection strategies to linearize the injector flow chart to the greatest extent. The first strategy relies on injection pulse interruption and has been originally developed by the authors, whereas the second strategy is known in the automotive engine industry as the peak and hold injection. Both injection strategies have been optimized through minimum injection energy considerations and have been compared in terms of linearization effectiveness. Efficient linearization of the injector flow chart has been achieved with both injection strategies, and a similar increase in injector operating range has been observed. The main advantage of the pulse interruption strategy lies on its ease of implementation on existing injection systems because it only requires a simple engine electronic control unit software update. Meanwhile, the peak and hold strategy reveals a substantial lack of robustness and requires expressly designed injectors and electronic components to perform the necessary voltage commutation.     

Hydraulic characterization of a second-generation common rail injector operating under solo and split injection strategies

In modern compression ignition engines, complex fuel injection strategies are adopted in order to enable a clean and efficient combustion process and an effective combustion noise control algorithm. Multi-injection strategies inject fuel into the combustion chamber several times (e.g. pilot, main, and post injections) during each combustion cycle, while split-injection approach further divides the main injection into different shots, with very short dwell time. Split injection may help to enhance air entrainment into the spray core where the fuel droplets are highly dense and mixing quality is poor. These advanced injection techniques lead to complex hydraulic behaviors including injection instability and eventually affecting fuel metering accuracy, hence detailed investigations are required. Understanding hydraulic characteristics especially during peculiar events like start/end of injection and accurately quantifying the actual injection volume, injection rate, and pressure variations in different locations of the injection system in each single activation of a complex strategy are key targets. In this work, the hydraulic behavior of a second generation common-rail solenoid injector operating under split-injection strategy has been experimentally investigated in terms of injection rate and injected volume. An extensive experiment has been conducted in this study using a state-of-the-art injection system operating on a hydraulic test bench equipped with a Zeuch-method type injection analyzer. It is found that although the standard of deviation of injection rates and injected volume is quite small for isolated injection events, the shot-to-shot deviation for split-injection mode can be significantly higher depending mainly on dwell time, fuel quantity ratio between the two shots and injection pressure level, as an effect of both pressure perturbations in the feeding line and in the injector caused by close actuations, eventually joined to inertial phenomena of the injector needle. The present paper reports an analysis methodology for the quantitative evaluation of systematic inter-cycle deviations, in the effort towards a deeper exploitation of the potential benefits offered by advanced injection strategies.     

先导式电磁开关阀的控制方法优化

踏板行程模拟装置作为集成制动系统(IBS)的关键部件之一,其作用是为驾驶员提供良好的踏板感觉,保证制动的安全性。该装置核心部件——先导式电磁开关阀的性能直接关系到踏板感觉的效果,对其进行深入的研究,建立先导式电磁开关阀不同子系统的数学模型,并运用AMESim软件搭建多场耦合模型并进行仿真,分析了环境温度、驱动电压对电磁阀性能的影响。通过仿真与实验分析发现,传统控制方法存在电磁阀发热量较大的问题,这极大地限制了电磁阀的使用。针对该问题,提出一种变电压控制方法,实验结果表明,新控制方法可以保证电磁阀长时间正常工作,有效提高电磁阀的工作能力。     

电磁阀的热物理场数值仿真与试验研究

以某型航空发动机控制系统上的电磁阀为研究对象，建立其流固耦合模型，开展热物理场数值仿真研究，对其不同工况下的热物理场特性进行分析。同时搭建试验系统进行试验验证，根据试验结果对仿真模型及参数进行优化迭代，并得出结论：在实际使用过程中，电磁阀的温升主要受环境温度、外加功率、内部结构及外部热交换条件的影响，电磁阀的热物理场数值仿真结果与试验数据的最大误差为7.0%,数值仿真模型准确度较高，能有效地预测电磁阀的温度场分布。该模型可指导电磁阀热设计，具有较高的实际工程应用价值。     

Characteristics of a liquefied butane spray

The characteristics of a butane spray from pintle-type injector were studied by droplet velocity and diameter measurements and high speed photography. The accumulator type injector operated off a common rail fuel supply system operated at 13 MPa, and was controlled by a high-speed solenoid valve. Injection was carried out in a chamber at ambient temperature and at the pressure above (0.37 MPa) and below (0.15 MPa) the fuel vapor pressure. Two component phase/Doppler particle analyzer and traverser were used to obtain the droplet diameter and the velocity at numerous locations in the spray. The entire injection event was analyzed as a time-average and also subdivided into three temporal intervals. A, B, and C. The high-speed photographs showed a narrower cone angle during the quasi-steady spray period at the 0.37 MPa chamber pressure compared to the 0.15 MPa case.     

Fuel spray dynamic characteristics of GDI high pressure injection system

In order to improve the fuel consumption and exhaust emission for gasoline engines,gasoline direct injection (GDI) system is spotlighted to solve these requirements.Thus,many researchers focus on the i...     

面向飞机刹车压力伺服阀的电磁切断阀开启特性优化研究

电磁切断阀是飞机刹车系统的重要组成部分,电磁切断阀的动态响应对刹车压力快速控制有着重要影响。通过构建电磁切断阀AMESim模型,利用仿真分析研究切断阀的动态响应特性,并找出主要影响因素;为解决切断阀开启过程中负载腔出现的压力振荡现象,通过活塞左端油路添加节流阻尼孔、主阀芯重叠处开先导槽两种优化结构进行仿真分析,发现增加节流阻尼孔,能够降低压力振荡的最大压力值,但是会延长压力上升时间;而阀芯重叠处开先导槽的方法尽管对于压力振荡基本没有影响,但能在一定程度上缩短压力上升时间,加快压力响应,进而实现更快速的刹车压力控制。     

基于ARM7的喷气织机电磁阀控制电路

为完成喷气织机高频电磁阀的实时控制,提升对电磁阀工作时的故障检测能力,设计了基于ARM7的电磁阀高速驱动和电流检测反馈控制系统。以ARM7处理器的芯片LPC2478为微控制器,并在数据、地址总线基础上,通过采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)扩展了输出口线;针对喷气织机电磁阀高频特性,设计了高、低压复合的驱动控制电路;为判断电磁阀工作性能的优劣,增加了电流检测环节。试验结果表明,该系统运行稳定、高效,通过对电流检测反馈数据的分析,提高了喷气织机生产的质量和效率。     

电磁阀测试装置的开发及其试验研究

针对开发电控柴油机高速大流量二位三通电磁阀的需要，研制了电磁阀干阀试验装置，介绍了试验装置的测试原理和试验装置测控系统的功能。利用该试验装置对电磁阀进行了试验研究，结果表明试验装置的设计是合理的，试验装置的研制成功为开发高性能的电磁阀提供了研究平台。