一种极化无关的多频带超材料吸波体的仿真与实验研究

设计了一种基于C型组合谐振结构的多频带超材料吸波体,通过CST微波工作室进行仿真分析,采用弓形法对超材料样品的反射率进行实验验证。仿真结果表明,该吸波体在3.28GHz、3.89GHz、6.61GHz、9.76GHz、11.43GHz实现了近完美吸收,吸收强度分别为99.67%、99.85%、98.10%、99.99%、99.25%,实测结果和仿真结果基本一致。通过表面电流分布、等效电路图以及理想阻抗匹配理论分析了该吸波体作用的物理机理。该超材料吸波体有极化无关的特性。     

低电导率超材料的吸波性能研究

本文研究了由低电导率材料制备的超材料的吸波性能,通过仿真软件计算了不同电导率超材料吸波性能,研究了其变化规律,在复合材料基材上采用喷涂法制备了电导率为2.3×10~4 S/M的超材料结构,探究了不同基板厚度时超材料吸波体的吸波性能变化规律.仿真结果表明,低电导率材料在一定基材厚度下可以实现电磁波的高吸收,并且基材的厚度有最优值,这说明电导率也可以成为设计超材料的参数.制备的超材料基底材料厚度为2 mm时,其在7.8 GHz处实现了-23.2 dB的深吸收,实验规律与仿真结果相吻合.采用喷涂法有助于解决超材料在大曲率、复杂外形等部位难以应用的问题,为超材料的制备以及其大规模应用开辟了一个新的方向.     

一种基于超材料的双频吸波器设计与实验研究

本文设计、分析和加工了一种单层双频超材料结构,该结构由3层构成,表层和底层由金属铜板组成,中间层为有损耗的介质基板FR-4.通过仿真优化表明,该结构在谐振频率5.32 GHz和9.77 GHz处吸波率分别达到95%和94.2%.实测数据显示在谐振频率5.15 GHz和9.45 GHz处的反射系数分别为-14 dB和-13 dB,实现了电磁波的双频强吸收.此外由于该结构具有正交对称性,因此具有极化不敏感特性,又经仿真得到该结构具有宽入射角特性.结果表明,该超材料吸波器在特定频段电磁功能器件领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

基于集总电阻的“十”字型宽频超材料吸波体仿真和分析

设计了一种三维结构的超材料吸波体,该结构上部由“十”字型基板侧面加载多个方形谐振环组成,底部采用铝板作为反射底板,超材料吸波体厚度为11 mm.数值模拟结果表明,加载集总电阻后,实现了多频谐振吸收向宽频吸收的转变,在5.62 GHz～13.90 GHz频率区间吸收率大于90%,相对带宽达到84.4%;超材料吸波体在横磁波(TM)的模式下具有较好的宽角度吸收特性.S参数反演法计算等效电磁参数结果表明,超材料吸波体在宽频的吸收机制基于良好的阻抗匹配和电磁谐振;结合谐振点的场图,进一步验证了电磁谐振耦合时,能量损耗通过集总电阻的欧姆损耗完成.方形谐振环单独作为谐振结构的仿真结果显示,复合谐振结构的宽频高效吸收是源于各谐振环的相互叠加耦合.     

基于电阻膜与超材料的超薄宽频吸波体设计

设计了一种基于多层电阻膜和超材料的超薄宽频吸波体模型。该吸波体由两层含介质基板的电阻膜片和一层一阶Minkowski分形双方环(minkowski fractal double square loop,MFDSL)电谐振器结构组成,各层电阻膜片阻值相同,但外形不同。仿真分析结果表明,该吸波体对1.2~20GHz频段内垂直入射的电磁波的吸收率均大于90%;同时对于45°角入射的TE和TM波仍能保持良好的吸收性能,具有宽入射角特性和极化不敏感的特点,且厚度仅有1mm。另外,对不同电阻膜片阻值得分析结果表明,随着电阻膜片阻值的增大,该吸波体的吸波效果更好,吸波性能更加稳定。     

“超材料”结构吸波复合材料技术研究

研究了"超材料"结构吸波复合材料的制备技术及其力学性能与电性能。通过突破不同尺寸金属周期结构单元制备、金属周期结构单元转移、含金属周期结构单元吸波复合材料工艺参数优化等关键技术,制备出电性能和力学性能批次间稳定性良好的含多层金属周期结构单元的"超材料"结构吸波复合材料,"超材料"结构吸波复合材料在2~18GHz频率范围具有宽频高吸收的特性。     

新型全介质谐振表面二元超材料吸波体

基于干涉理论,利用低介电材料全介质谐振表面(All-dielectric resonance surface,ADRS)设计并制备了一种新型二元结构超材料吸波体(Binary-structural metamaterial absorber,BMA)。优化后的BMA分别在13. 332 GHz、16. 722 GHz和17. 34 GHz处有强吸收。通过阻抗分析、能量损耗分布及场分析的方法解释了BMA的谐振与吸波机理,并研究了ADRS结构参数对吸波性能的影响。分析表明,BMA的三频谐振来源于ADRS的电谐振响应; ADRS的结构决定谐振峰处磁场分布,进而影响吸波性能。仿真结果与实测结果吻合较好。本工作提出的采用低介电材料ADRS代替传统金属谐振表面及难以制备的高介电常数ADRS,极大地简化了超材料吸波体的设计。     

活性炭纤维/树脂复合吸波材料的研究

研究了活性炭纤维/树脂吸波复合材料的微波吸收特性.实验结果表明:活性炭纤维吸波材料的吸波性能与吸波层中纤维的含量、分布方式密切相关.在本实验条件下吸波层中四个结构层纤维含量(质量分数)分别为0.2%,0.4%,0.6%和0.8%时,材料在4.2～18GHz频率范围内对电磁波有-10dB以下的吸收,7.12GHz时取得最...     

可调谐超材料吸波体的数值仿真研究

设计了一个由周期排列的金属电谐振环(the electric ring resonator,ERR)与短导线(FR-4基板上)组合而成的超材料吸波体.在某一频段,该超材料吸波体能同时产生强的电谐振与磁谐振.采用数值仿真方法,在8-12GHz波段计算了该超材料的S参数,并分析了其吸收率变化规律.单层超材料吸波体在9.27...     

嵌入分形频率选择表面的低频超薄吸波层的设计

研究了频率选择表面对超薄多层微波吸波体在低频(L和S频段)吸波性能的影响. 分别采用硫化工艺和激光刻蚀方法制备出传统的微波吸收材料(MAM)--橡胶板和FSS层, 然后利用它们合成多层微波吸波体(MMA)样品, 在NRL弓形法测试系统中测量该样品的反射率. 发现随着FSS层在传统吸波材料层中的引入, 确实可以增强整个多层吸波体在低频段的吸波性能. 实验结果显示, 当两个FSS层在多层吸波体中适当排列时, 可以在1 GHz得到一个–3.49 dB的反射率峰值, 最大反射峰值可达–9.35 dB, 这时的样品厚度是1.8 mm. 本研究为吸波材料的吸波性能向低频段的拓展提供了一种有效的方法.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...