Highly accurate long-span chromatic dispersion measurement system by a new phase-shift technique

A highly accurate long span chromatic dispersion measurement system, which is based on a wavelength-division-multiplexing phase-shift technique and utilizes six laser diodes in1.2 sim 1.6 mum spectral region, has been developed. It is intrinsically free from error due to the fiber length variation caused by temperature changes under the measurement. The measurement accuracies of dispersion and Zero-dispersion wavelength are extremely good and within ±0.02 ps/km . nm and ±0.1 nm in 1250 ∼ 1450 nm spectral region in the case of a 10.5-km single-mode fiber measurement. The dynamic range is over 50 dB excluding system theS/Nmargin of 5 dB. Using this system, chromatic dispersion measurements of a 101.9-km pure-silica-core single-mode fiber and a 100.7 km concatenated dispersion-shifted single-mode fiber have been successfully carried out. The measured result has coincided with the arithmetical mean of those of constituent fibers.     

Tunable Polarization-Dependent-Loss Element Based on Rotatable Birefringent Prisms and a Half-Wave Plate

A novel tunable polarization-dependent-loss (PDL) element is realized using two rotatable birefringent prisms and a half-wave plate. The design is favorable for interferometric stability and is operable over a wide wavelength range. The PDL can be tuned from 0 to 35 dB for a wavelength of 780 nm. An interference visibility of 0.98 between the two principal polarizations for 0-dB loss is achieved by compensating for thickness mismatch between the prisms.      

Dual wavelength pumped L- and U-band Raman amplifier

A Raman fibre amplifier providing small signal gain of over 30 dB in the U-band has been demonstrated. In addition, a dual wavelength pumped Raman amplifier with broad flattened gain (ripple better than 1.5 dB) over the spectral range 1600-1670 nm is presented     

High-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator

A high-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator is reported. The circulator structure can sharply reduce isolation dependency on both the rotation error of a rotator and on extinction ratio of a polarizing beam splitter. As a result, the circulator has high isolation over a wide wavelength and temperature range. A 4-port circulator coupled with single-mode fibers was fabricated. Its measured insertion loss and isolation were <1.8 and >31.5 dB, respectively. Consequently, a loss ratio of over 29.7 dB has been realized. The isolation (which is free from reflections) was measured to be >45.1 dB. It is confirmed that the wavelength range for this kind of isolation over 40-dB is very wide. The measured range was wider than the measurement system limit of 90 nm     

Polarisation independent tunable liquid-crystal Fabry-Perotinterferometer filter module with double-pass configuration

A novel tunable liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (LC-FPI) filter module with a Faraday rotator and double-pass configuration has been fabricated. The filter module has a 3 dB bandwidth of ~0.4 nm, a 20 dB bandwidth of 1.5 nm, and a polarisation dependent loss (PDL) <0.8 dB over a tuning range of 56 nm. More than 49 dB isolation from the output port to the input port has been achieved     

Quasicontinuous tunable fiber-ring laser applied as localoscillator in an absolute calibrated spectrometer for WDM systems

A special tunable fiber-ring laser is introduced. With this laser as local oscillator, a calibrated optical spectrometer was realized, which allows the determination of the wavelength of all transmitters of a wavelet division multiplexing (WDM) system in one sweep. The system is based on a fiber ring laser including a high finesse Fabry-Perot resonator with a high free spectral range and a 1-km-long dispersion shifted fiber. To achieve a high wavelength determination accuracy two auxiliary signals are generated: one with a Krypton filled absorption tube and another with a simple, silica based, periodical filter. With that, the wavelength of every transmitter of a WDM signal can be determined with an absolute frequency accuracy of better than ±0.8 GHz in a range of 1527-1562 nm in one sweep. The relative frequency accuracy is better than ±0.3 GHz     

Fabrication and performance of 1.5?m GaInAsP travelling-wave laser amplifiers with angled facets

A broadband 1.5?m GaInAsP travelling-wave laser ampli-fier has been realised with angled facets instead of anti-reflection coatings. The measured signal gain for the TE mode is 19dB at the wavelength around 1.49?m with a 2dB gain ripple over one free spectral range and a 3dB band-width of 55 nm. The estimated residual modal reflectivity is 0.2%.     

Tapping light from waveguides by high-order mode excitation and demultiplexing

A novel high-performance optical tap with low wavelength-dependent loss(WDL), polarization-dependent loss (PDL), and excess loss is described. The tap is based on exciting a high-order mode by an abrupt change in the waveguide profile, and then tapping the optical power in the high-order mode by using a modal-demultiplexer. The tap can be designed to give a tapping ratio in the range of -30 to -10 dB over a wavelength range of 1510-1640 nm. In addition, it is shown that the tapping ratio is tolerant to process variations, repeatable and predictable, enabling the design to be implemented in a single process run, with no need for additional fine-tuning iterations, while achieving a high process yield. We show that measurements are in good agreement with simulated results. In the tap channel we measured 0.3 dB WDL and 0.2-dB PDL over the C- and L- bands, while the signal in the main channel was virtually uncontaminated relative to a plain single-mode reference waveguide.     

Polarization independent, linear-tuned interference filter with constant transmission characteristics over 1530-1570-nm tuning range

We present a polarization independent optical tunable filter (OTF) with nearly constant transmission characteristics over 1530-1570 nm. The tuning is achieved by horizontally sliding an interference filter, resulting in a very low polarization dependent loss (PDL)<0.1 dB and nearly constant characteristics over the tuning range. By cascading interference filters in double or triple stage, narrower bandwidth characteristics are obtained allowing for smaller channel spacing in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems. Experimental results for PDL, loss, and bandwidth are presented and compared to those of angle-tuned filter. The proposed OTF has shown superior performance promising a practical solution for dense WDM applications.     

Gain flattened and improved EDFA using microbending long-period fibre gratings

A new method for flattening the gain spectrum of erbium-doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs) is proposed. This method is based on microbending long-period fibre gratings, that are simply fabricated by bending the fibre. By adjusting the spectral profiles of the filters mechanically, a gain flatness of <1 dB has been obtained, and gain improvement of <5.32 dB over the 33 nm wavelength range at two different pump powers of 34 and 86 mW, respectively.     

CCD光电参数测试系统的研制

研制了一套CCD光电参数测试系统,可实现对CCD的无效像元、相对光谱响应、响应度、等效噪声照度、动态范围、面响应度不均匀性等光电参数的全自动测试。CCD的相对光谱响应测试基于单光路直接比较法实现,而其他CCD光电参数的测试则基于特制的积分球光源。四个可独立开关的溴钨灯分别安置于四个次积分球内,经高精度电动光阑与主积分球级联,主积分球壁上的照度计经标定后可实时测试积分球光源出口照度值。该光源色温不变,可在大动态范围内以较高精度实现连续调节,满足CCD光电参数测试的需求。利用上述装置对E2V公司科学级CCD47-10B进行了实际测试,并分析了测量的不确定度。结果表明:相对光谱响应测试覆盖光谱范围400~1 000 nm,不确定度为4.37%。光电转换参数测试装置距离光源出口23 mm处照度覆盖动态范围0~235 lx,80 mm范围内照度均匀性达到99%,测试不确定度为4.9%。该系统可用于航天级CCD的光电参数测试及芯片甄选。     

High-isolation polarization-independent quasi-optical circulator

A polarization-independent quasi-optical circulator having high isolation over a wide wavelength range is reported. The proposed quasi-circulator is composed of two polarization beam splitters, two pentagonal prisms, two nonreciprocal rotators, and two walkoff polarizing beam splitters. Its structure is very simple. A three-port quasi-circulator has been fabricated with single-mode fibers. Its insertion loss and isolation have been measured to be ⩽1.7 and ⩾48.6 dB, respectively, at the nominal wavelength of 1.3 μm. A loss ratio of over 47.0 dB has been realized. The wavelength range over a 50-dB isolation between two fibers was measured to be about 50 nm     

High-performance all-fiber Fabry-Perot filters with superimposed chirped Bragg gratings

The performance of large-band Fabry-Perot (FP) filters is investigated through numerical simulations and experimental realization. The limitations of the filters are studied theoretically to determine the impact of the chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) imperfections on spectral variations of the free spectral range (FSR), finesse, transmission loss, and polarization dependent loss (PDL). All-fiber FP devices are realized experimentally with finesse reaching 240 and covering a spectral band of 26 nm. For finesse up to 80, the filters present acceptable performance in terms of spectral variations of FSR (/spl plusmn/3%), finesse, attenuation (/spl plusmn/0.5 dB), PDL (<0.2 dB), and insertion loss (<3 dB).     

偏轴式扫描三光栅单色仪

为了获得宽波段高分辨率的单色光,对成像光谱仪进行了波长标定,设计了一款扫描式三光栅单色仪。光栅扫描系统采用蜗轮蜗杆机构,针对传统安装方式带来的光栅有效口径损失及杂散光等问题,创造性地提出了蜗轮蜗杆转台偏轴安装的方法,通过蜗轮蜗杆转台初始位置的偏移,有效抑制了扫描过程中光栅实际有效口径的减小和仪器杂散光增加等问题。单色仪光学系统采用水平式C-T结构,通过三块光栅实现280~2 240 nm的宽波段输出,保证整个波段内的高衍射效率和光谱分辨率;并针对蜗轮蜗杆的非线性扫描,使用多种数学模型对单色仪系统进行了光谱定标。最终的实验和测量证明,仪器在280~560 nm、560~1120 nm、1 120~2 240 nm三个波段的光谱分辨率分别为0.1、0.2、0.4 nm,波长重复性分别为0.094、0.186、0.372 nm,波长准确度分别为0.096、0.191、0.382 nm,达到了设计目标,满足成像光谱仪波长定标的使用要求。     

分光法测量LED颜色的不确定度分析

分析了分光法测试发光二极管(LED)颜色的测量不确定度,着重分析了光谱功率分布测量不确定度和波长不确定度对颜色测量的不确定度影响,给出了几种典型LED的分析结果,结果表明,5%的光谱功率分布测量不确定度和0.5 nm的波长不确定度在一般情况下可以满足精度要求为0.001的LED颜色测量.     

Tunable polarisation-maintaining filter based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre

A tunable and polarisation-maintaining all-in-fibre filter based on a liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre is demonstrated. Its polarisation extinction ratio reaches 14 dB at 1550 nm wavelength. Its spectral tunability range spans over 250 nm in the temperature range 30?708C. The measured transmission spectrum is compared with that obtained through finite element simulations.     

16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank for real-time spectral analyser

A 16-channel surface-acoustic-wave grating-filter bank has been constructed on four y-cut LiNbO3 crystals. Each channel has a 4dB bandwidth of 6.7 MHz. The insertion loss at the peak of the passband of each channel is ?32 dB, ±1.2 dB. The centre frequencies are 6.7 MHz apart and span the range 150?250 MHz. This filter has been incorporated in a realtime spectral analyser.     

Wavelength combining fused-taper couplers with low sensitivity to polarisation for use with 1480 nm-pumped erbium-doped fibre amplifiers

Fused-taper wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) couplers for use in combining the 1480 nm pump wavelength with the 1540 nm signal wavelength of erbium-doped fibre amplifier systems are reported. Output port isolation in excess of 15 dB has been achieved at the centre of each channel with very low polarisation sensitivity of <0.2 dB over a 30 nm range about the channel centres.<>     

基于高温黑体的傅里叶光谱测量系统响应度分段线性标定

傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）光谱响应度的标定工作是FTIR红外光谱精准测量的基础。基于中国计量科学研究院（NIM）的ThermoGage HT9500型高温基准黑体辐射源,对NIM搭建的FTIR高温黑体红外辐射特性测量系统的光谱响应度,通过分段线性标定法进行了标定实验。建立并描述了FTIR测量高温黑体红外辐射特性系统响应度函数标定模型,并通过测量的黑体辐射源在1 273~1 973 K温区、1~14 m宽频谱内的红外光谱,对FTIR测量系统的光谱响应度进行了标定实验研究。结果表明:分段线性标定FTIR红外光谱测量系统方法具有良好可靠性。1 373~1 873 K温区的测量光谱与基于黑体标定的计算光谱在1~14 m频谱内平均偏差优于1%,黑体光谱辐射亮度峰值波长上反演得到的黑体计算温度与实际温度偏差优于0.45%。     

S-band erbium-doped silica fibre amplifier with flattened-gain ofover 21 dB

A gain-flattened erbium-doped silica fibre amplifier (EDSFA) has been developed for amplifying WDM signals in the S-band. The EDSFA exhibits a signal gain of over 21 dB, a gain excursion of less than 1.9 dB, and a noise figure of less than 6.7 dB in the 1491-1518 nm wavelength range