基于相位调制的多通道半色调信息隐藏技术

目的研究多通道半色调信息隐藏技术,通过相位调制技术,使彩色隐藏信息隐藏于不同色调的母版当中。方法在基础层,基于最小阈值矩阵原理,使用基于相位调制阈值矩阵加网技术定位各通道隐藏信息位置,并在母版中对正常图像部分网点的生长趋势进行改变,实现在位置上的调制,从而保证各通道信息良好的隐蔽性。结果使用相位调制技术可以达到多通道信息的隐蔽,达到彩色信息隐藏的预期效果。结论该技术有利于提高半色调加网信息隐藏技术在印刷防伪中的应用范围,提高半色调加网信息隐藏技术的防伪性能。     

Color image security system using double random-structured phase encoding in gyrator transform domain

A novel method for encoding color information based on a double random phase mask and a double structured phase mask in a gyrator transform domain is proposed. The amplitude transmittance of the Fresnel zone plate is used as structured phase-mask encoding. A color image is first segregated into red, green, and blue component images. Each of these component images are then independently encrypted using first a random phase mask placed at the image plane and transmitted through the first structured phase mask. They are then encoded by the first gyrator transform. The resulting information is again encrypted by a second random phase mask placed at the gyrator transform plane and transmitted through the second structured phase mask, and then encoded by the second gyrator transform. The system parameters of the structured phase mask and gyrator transform in each channel serve as additional encryption keys and enlarge the key space. The encryption process can be realized with an electro-optical hybrid system. The proposed system avoids problems arising from misalignment and benefits of a higher space-bandwidth product. Numerical simulations are presented to confirm the security, validity, and possibility of the proposed idea.     

基于混合幅度-相位检索技术与二维耦合混沌映射的光学图像加密算法

目的为了解决当前光学图像加密算法主要将单色光束直接作用于明文,使其在解密过程中易出现丢失颜色信息等问题。方法文中设计基于混合幅度-相位检索技术与二维耦合混沌映射的光学图像加密算法。首先,提取彩色图像的R, G, B分量;随后,引入Logistic映射与Sine映射,通过对二者进行非线性耦合,形成二维复合混沌映射;利用彩色图像的像素信息来迭代复合映射,获取3个混沌序列,通过构建位置引擎混淆机制,对R,G,B分量进行置乱;基于Logistic映射,利用明文像素生成的初值条件对其进行迭代,输出一个混沌随机掩码;最后,基于幅度-相位截断方法和Gyrator变换,设计混合幅度-相位检索技术,利用单向二进制相位函数和随机掩码,对置乱后的R, G, B分量进行加密,获取相应的检测振幅,再将其进行组合,形成实值函数的加密密文。结果实验结果显示,与当前光学图像加密机制相比,所提算法具有更高的安全性与解密质量,具备较强的抗明文攻击能力。结论所提加密技术具有较高的抗攻击能力,能够安全保护图像在网络中传输,在信息防伪等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

Asymmetric color cryptosystem using polarization selective diffractive optical element and structured phase mask

A single channel asymmetric color image encryption scheme is proposed that uses an amplitude- and phase- truncation approach with interference of polarized wavefronts. Instead of commonly used random phase masks, wavelength-dependent structured phase masks (SPM) are used in the fractional Fourier transform domain for image encoding. The primary color components bonded with different SPMs are combined into one grayscale image using convolution. We then apply the amplitude and phase truncation to the fractional spectrum, which helps generate unique decryption keys. The encrypted image bonded with a different SPM is then encoded into a polarization selective diffractive optical element. The proposed scheme alleviates the alignment problem of interference and does not need iterative encoding and offers multiple levels of security. The effect of a special attack to the proposed asymmetric cryptosystem has been studied. To measure the effectiveness of the proposed method, we calculated the mean square error between the original and the decrypted images. The computer simulation results support the proposed idea.     

New LSB-based colour image steganography method to enhance the efficiency in payload capacity,security and integrity check

Steganography is the technique for hiding information within a carrier file so that it is imperceptible for unauthorized parties. In this study, it is intended to combine many techniques to gather a new method for colour image steganography to obtain enhanced efficiency, attain increased payload capacity, posses integrity check and security with cryptography at the same time. Proposed work supports many different formats as payload. In the proposed method, the codeword is firstly formed with secret data and its CRC-32 checksum, then the codeword is compressed by Gzip just before encrypting it by AES, and it is finally added to encrypted header information for further process and then embedded into the cover image. Embedding the encrypted data and header information process utilizes Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm for selecting next pixel location. To hide one byte, different LSB (least significant bits) of all colour channels of the selected pixel is exploited. In order to evaluate the proposed method, comparative performance tests are carried out against different spatial image steganographic techniques using some of the well-known image quality metrics. For security analysis, histogram, enhanced LSB and Chi-square analyses are carried out. The results indicate that with the proposed method has an improved payload capacity, security and integrity check for common problems of simple LSB method. Moreover, it has been shown that the proposed method increases the visual quality of the stego image when compared to other studied methods, and makes the secret message difficult to be discovered.     

基于Radon变换与Schur分解的彩色图像水印算法

目的 针对彩色图像盲水印算法较为复杂且抗旋转能力差等问题,结合矩阵Schur分解和Radon变换提出一种抗旋转攻击的彩色图像盲水印算法。方法 该算法首先提取彩色宿主图像的U通道图像,其次对U通道图像经NSCT变换后的低频分量进行分块处理,将每个像素块分解为对称矩阵和反对称矩阵,最后对每块对称矩阵进行Schur分解,将二值水印嵌入至分解后上三角矩阵的最大特征值中。提取水印信息时,利用Randon变换对含水印图像进行几何校正后再进行水印提取操作。结果 文中算法提取水印相似度较高,其NC值达到0.9414;结构相似性较高,其SSIM值达到0.9183。结论 该水印算法在常规信号处理攻击、抗旋转攻击下均具有极强的鲁棒性。     

Coverless Information Hiding Based on the Molecular Structure Images of Material

The traditional information hiding methods embed the secret information by modifying the carrier, which will inevitably leave traces of modification on the carrier. In this way, it is hard to resist the detection of steganalysis algorithm. To address this problem, the concept of coverless information hiding was proposed. Coverless information hiding can effectively resist steganalysis algorithm, since it uses unmodified natural stego-carriers to represent and convey confidential information. However, the state-of-the-arts method has a low hidden capacity, which makes it less appealing. Because the pixel values of different regions of the molecular structure images of material (MSIM) are usually different, this paper proposes a novel coverless information hiding method based on MSIM, which utilizes the average value of sub-image’s pixels to represent the secret information, according to the mapping between pixel value intervals and secret information. In addition, we employ a pseudo-random label sequence that is used to determine the position of sub-images to improve the security of the method. And the histogram of the Bag of words model (BOW) is used to determine the number of sub-images in the image that convey secret information. Moreover, to improve the retrieval efficiency, we built a multi-level inverted index structure. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be used for other natural images. Compared with the state-of-the-arts, experimental results and analysis manifest that our method has better performance in anti-steganalysis, security and capacity.     

Joint image compression–encryption using discrete fractional transforms

Exchange of data in the form of text and image on internet is in fast progression and it is spawning new compression and encryption algorithms for bandwidth and security respectively. We have proposed a new kind of joint algorithm using discrete fractional transforms for compression–encryption of image. In this algorithm, the discrete fractional Fourier transform which is discrete version of fractional Fourier transform, is used to compress the images with variation of its parameter ‘α’ (order of transform). The compressed image is encrypted using discrete fractional cosine transform to provide security. The advantage of this method is its feasible implementation in practice, superior, robustness, security and sensitivity of keys, which has a good prospect and practicability in information security field. Results of computer simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed method such as mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio between the original image and decrypted image. Sensitivity for right decryption key is proved with respect to MSE.     

Optical colour image encryption using spiral phase transform and chaotic pixel scrambling

In this study, we propose a new optical colour image encryption technique using spiral phase transform and chaotic pixel scrambling. For encryption, three channels of the colour image i.e. red, green and blue are first separated and modulated with three different structured phase masks. Spiral phase transform (SPT) with a particular order of modified spiral phase function (MSPF) is utilized for further processing. Random modulus decomposition is applied to the complex output after SPT to generate the private key for decryption. The pixels of the image are scrambled by using the chaotic Tinkerbell map for enhanced security. The order of MSPF, three structured phase masks, parameters of Tinkerbell mapping, and the private key generated during the encryption process serve as the security keys. The robustness of the proposed method is checked against various potential attacks. A series of numerical simulation results are presented to validate the proposed colour image encryption method.     

Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Images Based on Prediction and Adaptive Classification Scrambling

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDH-EI) technology is widely used in cloud storage for image privacy protection. In order to improve the embedding capacity of the RDH-EI algorithm and the security of the encrypted images, we proposed a reversible data hiding algorithm for encrypted images based on prediction and adaptive classification scrambling. First, the prediction error image is obtained by a novel prediction method before encryption. Then, the image pixel values are divided into two categories by the threshold range, which is selected adaptively according to the image content. Multiple high-significant bits of pixels within the threshold range are used for embedding data and pixel values outside the threshold range remain unchanged. The optimal threshold selected adaptively ensures the maximum embedding capacity of the algorithm. Moreover, the security of encrypted images can be improved by the combination of XOR encryption and classification scrambling encryption since the embedded data is independent of the pixel position. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher embedding capacity compared with the current state-ofthe-art methods for images with different texture complexity.     

强鲁棒性全息水印算法

提出了一种强鲁棒性变换域全息水印算法。首先将RGB模式彩色载体图像分离通道,分块后运用DCT转换到变换域,将奇异值分解与傅里叶全息技术结合起来,改善了传统全息水印抗滤波差及不可旋转的缺点。计算机仿真结果表明:该算法能够满足人眼对含水印图像的质量要求,重建的水印与原水印图像相似度高;该算法能够抵抗常见的多种攻击并兼顾了水印安全性与不可见性,在版权保护与信息隐藏的实际应用中具有重要意义。     

数字全息水印在印刷半色调图像中的应用

在印刷半色调图像中嵌入特定信息可用于印刷品的保护和认证。设计了一种新颖的应用于非数字形式印刷半色调图像中的信息隐藏算法,将原始水印信息制成菲涅耳全息图,以此作为水印信息,利用离散小波变换算法嵌入到宿主图像中,以实现信息隐藏。该算法利用全息图独特的不可撕毁性来增强水印的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法对图像半色调化攻击具有较好的鲁棒性。     

新颖的音频信息隐藏算法

基于混沌映射和改进Patchwork算法的DWT（discrete wavelet transform）域音频信息隐藏技术,实现保密语音在音频信号中的隐藏与恢复。利用混沌序列保密性高和容易再生的特性,保证了算法的安全性;新颖的Patchwork算法,修改部分小波系数,使其统计特征产生相反方向偏移,实现保密语音码流的隐藏。混沌序列的使用与小波系数修改的隐蔽性,加强了算法的安全性;在保证隐藏量的同时,实现了隐藏信息的盲提取。实验表明,隐藏信息后载体音频SNR在50dB左右;在载体音频失真可容忍的情况下,提取的保密语音码流BER均小于0．1％,能够保证隐藏音频的听觉质量和隐藏信息的安全。     

A new semi-blind watermarking algorithm using ordered Hadamard transform

An efficient and fast watermarking algorithm based on ordered Hadamard transform (HT) is proposed. Since it uses a few information of watermark image in secret key, it is categorised as a semi-blind method. In our algorithm, both host and watermark images are decomposed into non-overlapping blocks. Next, they are mapped into transform domain as Hadamard coefficients. Then, several high frequency AC components of host image are substituted with watermark coefficients without using any strength factor. Not employing this factor guarantees the embedded image to be retrieved with primary quality. Moreover, using HT offers several advantages of fastness, higher image fidelity, greater reliability of watermark detection and higher data hiding capacity. The experimental results show that our method keeps the quality of host image and is robust to common attacks. Compared to frequency domain and hybrid methods, it has advantages of shorter processing time, acceptable robustness and ease of hardware implementation.     

一种基于YC-rC-b颜色空间和视觉特性的彩色图像水印技术

根据图像离散余弦变换频谱图特征及结合人眼对亮度和颜色的对比度敏感视觉特性,提出了一种人眼感知图像最小误差即JND阈值的计算方法,通过计算出的JND阈值,提出了一种基于YCrCb颜色空间的彩色图像水印技术方案。方案依据JND阈值筛选彩色图像的3个分量亮度图变换域频谱系数来进行水印的嵌入和提取。从水印技术方案上看,JND阈值的引入使得水印的嵌入达到最大;嵌入算法使得水印嵌入的位置具有随机性,有力地保证了水印信息的安全性。仿真实验和攻击测试表明:含水印图经压缩攻击后的图像与原始图像基本一样,提取的水印信息与原始水印基本相同;攻击后的含水印图具有较好的透明性和较高的鲁棒性。提出的基于YCrCb颜色空间和人眼视觉特性的彩色图像水印技术方案,是一种可行的、较好的彩色图像技术。     

用多重菲涅耳衍射变换实现盲信息隐藏

提出了一种新的基于多重菲涅耳衍射变换和像素替代的盲信息隐藏算法.需隐藏的图像经多重菲涅耳衍射变换为一密文复矩阵,然后将其实部和虚部分别嵌入到原始宿主图像中,同时将此已嵌入信息的原像素值用其近邻的未嵌入信息的像素均值来替代,从而实现盲信息隐藏.数值仿真计算结果表明:该隐藏算法对JPEG有损压缩、图像剪切,噪声污染、重采样攻击和亮度、对比度、直方图、灰度曲线调整等具有一定的抵抗能力;由于采用一系列加密密钥(光波长、透镜焦距,多个衍射距离等),只有当所有密钥都正确时,才能解密恢复所隐藏的信息,所以该算法具有较强的鲁棒性和很高的安全性.     

Surface profile measurement in white-light scanning interferometry using a three-chip color CCD

White-light scanning interferometry (WLSI) is a useful technique to measure surface profile when a test object contains discontinuous structures or microstructures. A black and white CCD camera is usually utilized to capture interferograms, and a series of corresponding algorithms is used to achieve the profile measurement. However, the color information in the interferograms is lost. A novel profile measurement method that uses phase information in different color channels (red-green-blue) of an interferogram obtained using a three-chip color CCD in WLSI is proposed. The phase values are extracted by a windowed Fourier transform algorithm. Simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.     

分通道相位调制潜像法防伪效果的评价

目的以图像半色调加网原理为理论基础,运用相位调制潜像技术实现一种光栅防伪方法。方法设计原图与潜像,对其设置加网参数进行数字加网,在C,M,Y,K通道分别嵌入潜像作为防伪母版,根据加网线数的不同,设计具有对应周期的数字光栅,而后与防伪母版进行适当角度覆合完成防伪信息的提取。用加权信噪比(WSNR)和彩色图像结构相似度法(CISI),分别评价各通道潜像的隐蔽性及信息提取的差异。结果隐藏信息的隐蔽性好,隐藏信息提取再现清晰。结论该防伪方法对于图像加网线数无明显选择性,而通道对于防伪效果有明显影响。K通道中的潜像隐蔽性最差,不适合作为防伪母版。M和C通道中潜像的提取效果最好,是该防伪方法的适用通道。     

基于双级特征提取与度量的图像检索算法

目的 针对单一低层特征在语义属性中的信息易丢失,导致其对图像描述能力不强,使其检索精度不佳的问题,结合颜色矩（CM）、角径向变换描述符（ART）和边缘直方图（EH）等3种特征,定义一种双级特征提取与度量的图像检索方案。方法 首先,将图像转换为HSV色彩空间,并将其分割为若干个非重叠子图像,通通过计算每个子图像的均值、标准差和偏斜度来表征CM;再利用Euclidean距离,对查询图像和数据库图像的CM进行提取与度量,将输出的检索结果标记为一个图像集。随后,提取查询图像与图像集中每个目标的ART和EH特征;利用Euclidean距离分别度量查询图像与图像集中目标的ART与EH的相似性;最后,对ART与EH的加权组合,输出相似性最高的检索图像。结果 实验表明,与当前常见的检索算法比较,文中算法具有更高的检索精度,表现出更优异的Precision-Recall曲线。结论 所提算法具有良好的检索准确度,在信息处理、包装商标等领域具有一定的参考价值。     

基于二代Curvelet变换耦合二维因子的图像融合算法

目的 为了解决当前图像融合算法在融合过程中忽略了低频系数中所包含的图像细节信息,导致其输出的融合图像存在间断以及模糊效应的不足,方法 提出基于二代Curvelet变换耦合二维因子的图像融合算法。首先,利用具有多尺度以及多方向特性的二代Curvelet变换对源图像进行快速的分解,以获取源图像精细的低频以及高频系数。引入低频系数的信息熵以及区域方差特征来构造二维因子,对低频系数所包含的信息量以及图像的变化程度进行度量,以完成低频系数的融合。随后,利用高频系数的平均梯度特征,构造信息融合规则,完成高频系数的融合,提高融合图像的细节信息含有量。最后,利用像素点的R,G,B值,构造颜色校正因子,对融合图像进行颜色修正,以获取色彩效果较好的融合图像。结果 实验结果显示,与当前图像融合算法相比,所提算法具有更强的细节表达能力,其输出的融合图像具有更好的清晰度及视觉效果。结论 所提算法拥有较好的融合质量,能提高图像的对比度与分辨率,在图像处理领域具有一定的参考价值。