Determination of Cu2+ using poly(2-aminothiazole)/ multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite film modified glassy carbon electrodes

2-Aminothiazole was electropolymerized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. Poly(2-aminothiazole)/MWCNTs/GCE was used for determination of copper ions. The anodic peak currents of copper ions evaluated by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV) are linear with the concentrations in the range from 1.0 x 10(-7) M to 2.0 x 10(-5) M with a linear coefficiency of 0.9985. The detection limit is 2.0 x 10(-9) M calculated for a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 (S/N = 3). The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of copper ions in drinking water, and the recovery was 96%.     

Fabrication of nano-porous hydroxyapatite modified electrode and its application for determination of p-chlorophenol

Nano-porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) modified electrode was fabricated by simply electrodepositing HAp onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) from the electrolytes solution containing Ca(NO3)2 4H2O and NH4H2PO4, the resulting electrode (nano-HAp/GCE) was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of p-chlorophenol (p-CP) at nano-HAp/GCE was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The electrode displayed selective and enhanced electroanalytical response towards p-CP, obviously because p-CP is accumulated at the electrode. For the greater sensitivity, a semi-derivative technique was adopted to obtain the current signal. The results indicated that the nano-HAp/GCE exhibits substantial enhancement in electrochemical sensitivity for p-CP due to its large surface area and particular adsorbability. After accumulation of 4 min for p-CP on nano-HAp/GCE, the peak height was linearly related to the concentration of p-CP in the range of 1.0 x 10(-8) to 1.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1). The detection limit was 4.0 x 10(-9) mol L-(1) at 3sigma level. Based on this, the modified electrode was successfully applied in water samples with low cost and high sensitivity.     

MnO2纳米棒-还原石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极用于苋菜红的检测

利用电化学还原法制备MnO₂纳米棒-还原石墨烯复合修饰电极（MnO₂ NRs-ErGO/GCE）用于苋菜红的检测。采用SEM和XRD分别对修饰电极材料进行微观形貌和成分结构表征。通过循环伏安法考察了苋菜红在裸电极、ErGO/GCE和MnO₂ NRs-ErGO/GCE上的电化学行为,并对测定条件如pH值、富集电位、富集时间进行了优化。结果表明,MnO₂ NRs-ErGO增大了GCE电化学活性面积,提高了苋菜红的电化学氧化响应。在最优的检测条件下,MnO₂ NRs-ErGO/GCE线性扫描伏安法检测苋菜红线性范围为2.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-5 mol/L和1.0×10^-5~4.0×10^-4 mol/L,检测限为1.0×10^-8 mol/L。MnO₂ NRs-ErGO/GCE用于真实饮料样品检测,获得满意结果。     

Simultaneous determination of serotonin and dopamine at the PEDOP/MWCNTs-Pd nanoparticle modified glassy carbon electrode

Electrochemical determination of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) have been studied at a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at pH 7.4, all over the interfering biomolecule ascorbic acid (AA). The GCE was modified by palladium-functionalized, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-Pd) with electrochemical deposition of poly 3,4-ethylenedioxy pyrrole (PEDOP), denoted as PEDOP/MWCNTs-Pd/GCE, and investigated by SEM and EIS experiments. The highly electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode toward 5-HT and DA was demonstrated from the sensitive and well-separated voltammetric experiment. The oxidation peaks found were 0.165 and 0.355 mV for DA and 5-HT, respectively. The composite film shows a significant accumulation effects on two species, as well as the mutual interference among the analytes. This biosensor was best in response compared to other modified electrodes made in the same lab. The lowest detection limits were found to be 5.0 x 10(-9) and 1.0 x 10(-8) for 5-HT and DA, respectively. The respective linear ranges were determined as 1.0 x 10(-7) to 2.0 x 10(-4) and 1.0 x 10(-7) to 2.0 x 10(-4) for 5-HT and DA.     

Voltammetric determination of tryptophan at a single-wall carbon nanotubes modified electrode

A single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT)-film coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was described for the determination of tryptophan. In pH 2.5 Na2HPO4-citric acid buffer, tryptophan yields a well-defined and very sensitive oxidation peak at about 1.08 V at the SWNT-film coated GCE. The oxidation peak current increases greatly and the peak potential shifts toward more negative direction at the SWNT-modified GCE in contrast to that at the bare GCE. Under optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current is proportional to the concentration of tryptophan over the range from 4 x 10(-8) to 1 x 10(-5) mol/L. The detection limit is 1 x 10(-8) mol/L at 3 min of accumulation. Using the proposed method, tryptophan in the human's blood serum samples was determined.     

导电分子印迹膜化学修饰电极的制备及其对胭脂红的电化学检测

报道了一种聚丙烯酰胺(PAAM)-植酸(PA)-聚多巴胺(PDA)导电分子印迹膜(PAAM-PA-PDA MIP)化学修饰电极的制备、表征及其在电化学定量检测食品添加剂胭脂红(P4R)中的应用。即通过原位电聚合和碱液洗脱的方法在玻碳电极(GCE)表面制得具有分子识别作用的导电分子印迹膜(PAAM-PA-PDA MIP)化学修饰电极,并利用SEM、循环伏安法(CV)及交流阻抗法(EIS)对该导电分子印迹膜化学修饰电极的表面形貌和电化学性能进行表征。研究结果表明该方法所制备的导电分子印迹膜化学修饰电极具有良好的电化学检测性能和应用前景,其对P4R的线性检测区间为10~200 μmol/L,灵敏度为0.085 A/mol/L,检测限可达23.6 nmol/L,并可有效地应用于P4R实际样品的分析检测。      

Determination of serotonin on a glassy carbon electrode modified by electropolymerization of meso-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin and single walled carbon nanotubes

A chemically modified electrode [poly(TAPP)-SWNT/GCE] was prepared by electropolymerization of meso-tetrakis(2-aminophenyl)porphyrin (TAPP)-single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This modified electrode was employed as an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of serotonin concentration and exhibited a typical enhance effect on the current response of serotonin and lower oxidation overpotential. The biosensor was very effective to determined 5-HT in a mixture. The linear response was in the range 2.0 x 10(-7) to 1.0 x 10(-5) M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 [i(p)(microA) = 3.406 C (microM)+0.132] on the anodic current, with a detection limit of 1 x 10(-9) M. Due to the relatively low currents and different potentials in the electrochemical responses to ascorbic acid and dopamine, the modified electrode is a useful and effective sensing device for the selective and sensitive serotonin determination in the presence of ascorbic acid and dopamine.     

纳米TiO2/还原石墨烯复合修饰电极用于食品中 柠檬黄的检测

为了检测食品中柠檬黄的含量,利用滴涂法和电化学还原法制备纳米TiO_2/还原石墨烯复合修饰玻碳电极(TiO_2-Er GO/GCE)。采用透射电子显微镜和X射线粉末衍射仪对TiO_2和TiO_2-GO两种修饰电极材料进行表征;通过循环伏安法观察了柠檬黄在不同电极上的电化学行为,并对检测条件如p H值、富集电位、富集时间进行了优化。实验结果表明:TiO_2-Er GO/GCE增大了电极的电化学活性面积,提高了柠檬黄的电化学氧化响应;最优的检测条件为p H值为3.7、富集电位为-0.20 V、富集时间为180 s;在最优的检测条件下,采用线性扫描伏安法检测柠檬黄的线性范围为2.0×10-8~2.0×10-5 mol/L,检测限为8.0×10-9 mol/L(信噪比为3)。     

Electrochemical biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Au nanoparticles synthesized in chitosan

A new biosensor is prepared by cross-linking glucose oxidase (GOD) with glutaradehyde at the electrode combining Au nanoparticles (AuNP) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Au nanoparticles-doped chitosan (CS) solution (AuNP-CS) is prepared by treating the CS solution followed by chemical reduction of Au (III) with NaBH4. MWCNTs are then dispersed in AuNP-CS solution. TEM, FT-IR, and UV-Vis show that the AuNP-CS solution is highly dispersed and stable. The synergistic effect between AuNP and CNTs of the AuNP-CNTs-CS material has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and amperometric methods. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) allows low-potential detection of H2O2 with high sensitivity and fast response time. With the immobilization of GOD, a biosensor has been constructed. In phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH 7.0), nearly free interference determination of glucose has been realized at 0.4 V(vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCI) with a wide linear range from 2.0 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-2) M and a fast response time within 5s. The biosensor has been used to determine glucose in human serum samples and the results are satisfactory.     

Sensitive determination of uric acid by using graphene quantum dots as a new substrate for immobilisation of uric oxidase

A novel strategy for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of uric acid (UA) was proposed based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs), GQDs were introduced as a suitable substrate for enzyme immobilisation. Uric oxidase (UOx) was immobilised on GQDs modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used for characterising the electrochemical biosensor. The developed biosensor responds efficiently to UA presence over the concentration linear range 1–800 μM with the detection limit 0.3 μM. This novel biosensing platform based on UOx/GQDs electrode responded even more sensitively than that based on GCE modified by UOx alone. The inexpensive, reliable and sensitive sensing platform based on UOx/GQDs electrode provides wide potential applications in clinical.Inspec keywords: organic compounds, graphene devices, quantum dots, enzymes, biosensors, biochemistry, electrochemical electrodes, electrochemical sensors, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, voltammetry (chemical analysis), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, nanomedicine, molecular biophysicsOther keywords: sensitive uric acid determination, graphene quantum dots, uric oxidase immobilisation, electrochemical detection, GQD, enzyme immobilisation, glassy carbon electrode, GCE, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensor, C     

Fabrication of multi-wall carbon nanotube film on glassy carbon electrode surface and the determination of tyrosine

A novel chemically modified electrode has been prepared on the basis of the attachment of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in the presence of a hydrophobic surfactant, dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP). This MWNT film was characterized by transmission electron microscopy images (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical behavior of tyrosine at the MWNT film coated GCE was examined and it is found that this MWNT-modified GCE greatly enhances the oxidation peak current of tyrosine. Effects of some important factors, including pH, scan rate and amount of modifier, on the oxidation process of tyrosine were investigated. When the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is 3, the detection limit is 1 x 10(-7) M. The low relative standard deviations of the detection of tyrosine in human morning urine (3.3%) and white wine (5.2%) suggest a good reproducibility of the modified electrode.     

碱化插层二维过渡金属碳化物的制备及其对铀酰离子的电化学检测

二维过渡金属碳化物(MXenes)具有良好的电化学性能与辐照稳定性, 其在放射性核素电化学检测领域有潜在应用价值。本研究通过碱活化的方式处理碳化钛型MXene(Ti₃C₂T_x), 随后将钾插层的Ti₃C₂T_x(K-Ti₃C₂T_x)负载到玻碳电极(GCE)上得到K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极。采用XRD、SEM、XPS等手段分别对Ti₃C₂T_x和K-Ti₃C₂T_x进行分析表征, 并进一步研究了K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE对痕量铀酰离子(UO₂²⁺)的电化学检测性能。循环伏安(CV)实验结果表明, 相比于GCE电极, K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极对UO₂²⁺的电化学响应显著增强。进一步使用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)扫描, 发现pH=4.0时, K-Ti₃C₂T_x/GCE修饰电极对UO₂²⁺在铀浓度0.5~10 mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性检测关系, 本方法的检测限为0.083 mg/L(S/N=3), 稳定性和重复性好。     

Voltammetric determination of ethamsylate in bulk solution and pharmaceutical tablet by nano-material composite-film coated electrode

A sensitive electrochemical method was described for voltammetric determination of ethamsylate at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) coated with a nano-material thin film. In this work, a nanometer material, namely, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) was dispersed successfully into water in the presence of dihexadecyl hydrogen phosphate (DHP) and a MWCNT–DHP composite film was conveniently obtained on the GCE surface. The electrochemical behavior of ethamsylate at this modified electrode was investigated and a pair of reversible redox peak was observed. Compared with the electrochemical response of ethamsylate at the bare GCE, the separation of peak potential (ΔE_p) of ethamsylate decreased obviously from 438 to 40 mV and the current density of redox peaks increased greatly. Based on this, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to determine ethamsylate. Various experimental parameters such as pH value of the supporting electrolyte, the amount of modifier and so on were optimized. Under optimal conditions, a linear response of ethamsylate was obtained in the range from 1.0 × 10^− 6 to 2.0 × 10^− 5 mol/L, and the detection limit was 6.0 × 10^− 7 mol/L. The proposed method was successfully applied to detect ethamsylate in pharmaceutical samples.     

Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c at a glassy carbon electrode modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes

The electrochemistry of horse heart cytochrome c was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode modified with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). A pair of well-defined redox waves was obtained in cytochrome c aqueous solution at an activated SWNT film-modified electrode. The optimal conditions for activating the SWNT film-modified electrode has been determined. The electrode reaction of cytochrome c is a diffusion-controlled process. The peak current increases linearly with the concentration of cytochrome c in the range from 3.0 x 10(-5)-7.0 x 10(-4) M. The detection limit is 1.0 x 10(-5) M. The activated SWNT film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, interaction of cytochrome c with adenine was characterized by electrochemical and spectral methods.     

延胡索乙素在碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学检测

本文建立了延胡索乙素在碳纳米管修饰玻碳(CNT/GC)电极上的电化学检测方法。在pH6.20的Michaelis.缓冲液中,用方波伏安法研究了延胡索乙素在CNT/GC电极上的电化学行为。延胡索乙素在+0.90v(vs.Ag/AgCl)左右产生一个灵敏的阳极氧化峰,峰电流与延胡索乙素的浓度在8.0×10-7～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,最低检测限达3.0×10-7mol/L。该法简单、快速、灵敏,可应用于生药材和中成药中延胡索乙素的测定。     

己烷雌酚在玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

本文采用了现代电化学分析方法系统研究了己烷雌酚在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。实验表明己烷雌酚在玻碳电极上的氧化是不可逆过程,在pH=6.0的磷酸盐缓冲介质条件下,利用微分脉冲伏安法研究了己烷雌酚定量分析方法,发现在1.5×10~(-6)-2.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围下,己烷雌酚的浓度与脉冲电流信号成线性关系,检出限是5.0×10~(-7)mol/L,相关系数为0.9913.回收率为98.5%(n=5),RSD为3.27%,日内及日间RSD分别为2.85% and 3.12%(n=5),对模拟血样中己烷雌酚含量进行了测定,方法简便、快速,结果令人满意。     

制备印迹分子电化学传感器检测食品接触材料中DDM

目的 将分子印迹技术与电化学相结合，实现食品接触材料中4,4''–二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)的快速检测。方法 采用分子印迹技术，以羧基化碳纳米管(OH–MWCNT)为增敏材料，分别以DDM和吡咯(PPY)作为模板分子和功能单体，在玻璃碳电极(GCE)表面电沉积制备DDM印迹分子薄膜(MIP)，对印迹电极的检测能力使用扫描电镜(SEM)和电化学分析法进行表征。结果 电沉积的DDM电化学传感器具有优良的检测性能和可重复性，其线性范围为10~50 μmol/L，检出限为116 ng/L。结论 该方法具备操作简单、精度高、速度快等优点，能够实现对食品接触材料中DDM的痕量检测。     

Electrocatalysis for the oxidation of NADH based on beta-cyclodextrin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified ITO electrode

In this study, the new nanocomposites of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been prepared and deposited on the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to form the beta-CD/MWNTs modified ITO electrodes. These novel modified electrodes exhibited the abilities to lower the electrooxidation potentials of NADH substantially (ca. 600 mV) in comparison with bare ITO electrodes. Furthermore, a linear response to NADH in the concentration range of 4.0 x 10(-6) to 3.2 x 10(-3) mol/L was observed, with a detection limit of 8.0 x 10(-7) mol/L. Such ability of the novel nanocomposites to promote the electron-transfer reaction of NADH suggests great promise for dehydrogenase-based amperometric biosensors.     

基于碲膜置换制备粗糙金电极的无酶葡萄糖 电化学传感器

高粗糙度薄层贵金属纳米结构的界面组装对研制高性能的电化学传感器具有重要意义。以玻碳电极(GCE)上电沉积锯齿状形貌的半导体碲(Te)膜为模板,再将其与HAuCl_4进行原电池置换反应,制备了条棒状的粗糙Au薄膜修饰电极(AuTe-R/GCE)。在碱性环境中采用循环伏安法研究了AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能,并藉此构建了无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器。结果表明,与普通的镀金GCE(Aucon/GCE)和裸Au电极相比,AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的电催化氧化活性更高;在最优条件下,采用恒电位计时安培法检测了葡萄糖浓度,AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的线性检测范围(LDR)为0.01～2.00 mmol·L~(-1),灵敏度为3.8 mA·mmol~(-1)·cm~(-2),检测下限(LOD)为55 nmol·L~(-1);且该无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器抗干扰能力强,稳定性好。以半导体碲膜制备特定形貌与高粗糙度薄层纳米Au的方法具有简便、快捷和低成本等优点,有望在高活性纳米电催化剂的界面组装及其电化学性能研究中被广泛应用。     

铋膜电极阳极溶出伏安法检测痕量Cd金属

镉氧化产生的溶出电流与样品中Cd²⁺的浓度有关。本研究通过方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)在活化铋膜电极(Activated BFE)上对低浓度μg/L水平的Cd(II)进行测定。通过电化学方法对电极进行初步改性, 然后电沉积制备铋膜再次对电极进行改进, 从而增强了对痕量目标Cd²⁺的敏感性。对改性前后的玻碳电极(GCE)表面进行SEM、CV、EIS和SWV的表征。为了将这种伏安法传感器应用于含有低浓度Cd²⁺的实际样品中, 对检测Cd²⁺的实验参数进行了研究。使用选定的条件, 在10 min的预富集条件下Cd²⁺的检测限为1 μg/L。