Assessing Ideational and Evaluative Skills and Creative Styles and Attitudes

This article describes the rationale for the multiphase creative problem solving process, and reports the findings from an empirical investigation conducted to facilitate the problem solving of managers. The ideational skills of the managers were assessed before and after training in a complete process of creative problem solving, along with their ideational attitudes, creative problem solving style (i.e., generator, conceptualizer, optimizer, or implementor), and evaluative skill (i.e., ability to recognize original ideas). The most important findings indicated that the training had a significant impact on the evaluative accuracy of the managers. They were significantly more accurate in their judgments about original ideas after training, both in their identification of original ideas and their recognition of unoriginal ideas. After training, the managers also gave more solutions and more original solutions to problems. Finally, several variables (e.g., the “preference for active divergence” attitude, and the conceptualizer process style) seemed to moderate the impact of training. Training was therefore effective, with specific effects that can be predicted from pre-training individual differences in attitudes and process style.     

国内外标准法规比对分析系统设计与实现

为发现我国国家标准与国外发达国家标准法规的差距,从根本上提高我国国家标准的总体质量,提升我国产品的质量安全水平,以关键指标(因子)为核心,研究国内外标准法规比对的工作流程,利用面向对象的方法设计,实现了国内外标准法规比对分析系统。该系统适用于所有产品国内外标准法规的比对工作。     

Vignette and exposure calibration and compensation

We discuss calibration and removal of "vignetting" (radial falloff) and exposure (gain) variations from sequences of images. Even when the response curve is known, spatially varying ambiguities prevent us from recovering the vignetting, exposure, and scene radiances uniquely. However, the vignetting and exposure variations can nonetheless be removed from the images without resolving these ambiguities or the previously known scale and gamma ambiguities. Applications include panoramic image mosaics, photometry for material reconstruction, image-based rendering, and preprocessing for correlation-based vision algorithms.     

Rank and select revisited and extended

The deep connection between the Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) and the so-called rank and select data structures for symbol sequences is the basis of most successful approaches to compressed text indexing. Rank of a symbol at a given position equals the number of times the symbol appears in the corresponding prefix of the sequence. Select is the inverse, retrieving the positions of the symbol occurrences. It has been shown that improvements to rank/select algorithms, in combination with the BWT, turn into improved compressed text indexes.     

Integrating and automating analysis and optimization

The development of an interface coupling program on personal computers for an analysis software system such as ANSYS, SAP, etc. and an optimization software system, MOST, is presented. By controlling and directing the communications the interface coupler integrates the two programs while retaining their versatility and interactive features. The integrated system is used to solve a numerical example of active noise control for a three-dimensional enclosure, in which an energy density level of control points is minimized by adding the sound source to cancel the unwanted noise. The interface coupling program automates with relatively low cost the iterative process for designing an engineering system, remaining flexible in acoustical modelling and efficient in equation solving. Also, the coupling interface is developed in a general-purpose way so that it can be expanded easily to integrate more analysis software packages of different kinds.     

Semantics and verification of monitors and systems of monitors and processes

In this paper we present a sound and complete semantics for the monitor concept of C.A.R. Hoare. First a method for specification of monitors, introduced by O.-J. Dahl, is reviewed. This method is based on the relation between the historic sequence of monitor procedure calls and the historic sequence of monitor procedure exits. Based on such specifications and our new monitor semantics we present a method by which it is possible to prove that a concrete monitor is an implementation of an abstract one. In the last part of the paper an axiomatic semantics for systems of concurrent processes and monitors is introduced. The method supports verification by separation of concerns: Properties of the communication to and from each process are proven in isolation by a usual Hoare style axiomatic semantics, while abstract monitors are also specified in isolation by the method reviewed in the first part of the paper. These properties of the components of the system are then used in a new proof rule to conclude properties of the complete system. Stein Gjessing received a Ph.D. (actually a Dr. philos.) from the University of Oslo (Norway) in 1985. Presently he is an Associate Professor at the Institute of informatics, University of Oslo, Norway. Dr. Gjessings research interests are in the area of concurrent and distributed programming, operating systems, formal specification and verification and programming languages.     

Stochastic balancing and approximation-stability and minimality

A new method of stochastic model reduction has recently been introduced by Desai et al. [1], [2]. The stability of the reduced order model has not previously, been considered. In this paper, we show that the stability of the reduced order model follows directly from the results of Pernebo and Silverman [3]. It is also shown that the reduced order model is minimal, in the controllability/observability sense. The relevance of this notion of minimality to stochastic minimality is made clear.     

Information and Communication Technologies,Organisations and Skills: Convergence and Persistence

This article, first of all, supports the idea that the undeniable process of ICT-based technological convergence implies the social, cultural and business unification of the world of media and culture. The poor performance of the megamerger is a clear indicator of the unstable ground of the convergence hypothesis. Secondly, it argues in favour of cooperation between different expertise, skills and cultures to make multimedia products or to supply multimedia services, instead of creating from scratch a brand new class of hybrid skills and professions. Thirdly, a variety of new possible and realistically achievable professional profiles in cultural industries and institutions are illustrated. Eventually a set of public policies, in the light of a new role for cities and regions, is developed. Correspondence and offprint requests to: Francesco Garibaldo, Fondazione ‘Istituto Per il Lavoro (IPL)’, via Marconi 8, 40122 Bologna, Italy. Email: f.garibaldo@ipielle.emr.it     

冰雪运动生物力学及其机器人研究进展

随着我国冰雪运动的蓬勃发展和2022年北京冬季奥运会的成功申办,冰雪运动生物力学和冰雪机器人的研究越来越受关注.首先,介绍冰雪环境下摩擦力学的基本理论,进一步,对比不同变量对摩擦系数的影响;其次,讨论冰雪运动中空气阻力的成因,并分析潜在的减阻机制;再次,介绍研究中常用的测量手段和不同维度的建模方法,阐明各类手段和方法的优缺点;最后,回顾冰雪机器人的研究进展,分析冰雪机器人研究领域的技术挑战,展望冰雪机器人未来的研究思路.     

水工业调速节能与谐波抑制和无功动态补偿的网络化监控

变频调速给水工业带来极大经济效益的同时也带来了一些弊端。超标的高次谐波会严重污染电网,会严重影响供配电系统的正常运行,对自动化监控系统及一切弱电设备有极大的破坏性,其实例很多,损失巨大。变频器如何选择？无功如何补偿？高次谐波如何抑制？网络上如何安全、快速、综合的优化监控？这些关键问题,都是每个工程项目中贯彻低碳经济和节能减排必须解决的重大课程。     

设备诊断维护专家系统研究与应用

运用专家系统理论,结合流程行业基于设备状态检修的需求,提出了一种管控一体化的多层智能维护专家系统体系,将系统任务划分为数据采集层、状态监控层、分析层以及交互层,并采用分区域的全局存储结构实现跨层任务的协调,加快系统的处理速度及分析的精确性。     

面向EAI的高可用性松耦合的扩展JCA架构

企业应用集成(EAI)不可避免的要整合各种异构的数据资源,同时还需要集成业务过程,而JCA则是一种较好的基于J2EE的解决方案。针对现有JCA规范还不成熟、难于使用的问题,主要从企业应用集成的角度对该架构作了一定的扩展,以满足EAI过程中的高可用性和松耦合要求。     

BIM 和GIS 的空间语义数据集成方法及应用研究

随着数字城市和智慧城市的建设发展,建筑信息模型(BIM)和地理信息系统(GIS) 的集成被广泛研究和应用。目前的集成研究主要是通用数据标准IFC 和CityGML 之间的空间和 语义转换,但由于应用领域和空间尺度等差异,存在信息错误和丢失、几何语义信息耦合度低、 应用拓展性差等问题。为此提出了一种兼顾三维实体对象和地理空间对象的三维城市数据模型, 研究了BIM 和GIS 的空间和语义数据的提取、处理和转换方法,设计了BIM 和三维GIS 的集 成应用框架并在三维可视化平台上进行验证和初步应用。该方法可实现BIM和GIS 信息在几何、 语义、精度上的完全融合,避免了传统的数据转换带来的信息缺失,在多尺度的空间和语义信 息分级存储和加载显示方面存在着优势,有利于实现大规模、高精度的建筑和城市信息的高效 集成。     

CCM与EJB的比较与评价

CCM和EJB代表了当前业界最主流的两种组件技术，将被越来越广泛地应用于分布式系统的开发和部署中。如何在这两种技术中进行选择是分布式系统开发面临的首要问题之一。该对最新版本的CCM3．0与EJB2．1在组件类别、接口定义、编程语言、运行效率、支持的工具尤其是公共服务能力等方面作了深入而细致的比较和评价。最后作为总结，给出了实际应用中对这两种组件技术的选取原则。     

EIGRP与OSPF两种动态路由协议的分析比较

EIGRP协议和OSPF协议都是收敛速度较快并且不会形成环路的算法,网络带宽占用较小,使用灵活,安全性较好。但两者在路由配置复杂度、负载均衡能力、网络规模等性能方面不尽相同,有各自的适用范围。     

航天器交会对接的模型预测与反演制导控制

面向空间交会对接和停靠的任务需求,将航天器相对制导控制系统视为离散时间控制系统.利用系统状态转移模型外推预测相对运动状态偏差,在每个控制周期中推力恒定的假设下,根据轨控作用对系统状态的影响规律,采用广义逆方法反演得到交会对接制导控制序列.对时间约束下的基于空间相对运动状态转移预测与反演的相对制导控制律进行设计,讨论该方法在实际应用中的一些特点.预测与反演制导控制中的控制输出直接表示为轨控加速度,更符合工程实际情况.近圆轨道的交会对接仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够实现精度更高、更为柔顺平滑的交会对接,在轨控速度增量和推力器输出上也具有更好的工程适用性.     

Dimension and tolerance modeling and transformations in feature based design and manufacturing

This paper describes the development and application of a geometric dimension and tolerance (GD&T) model for use in both design and process planning. The model meets criteria for computability and compatibility with the Y14.5M standard. The model is first used to capture the designers GD&T scheme on a feature based design model, validate its completeness, and then transfer the GD&T to machining features extracted automatically by feature recognition. The model is based on relative degrees of freedom of geometric entities: feature axes, edges, faces and features-of-size. Dimension graphs are created based on the degrees of freedom for each control direction. Datum reference frames and standard tolerance classes are incorporated into the graph. The model allows dimension specification, dimension scheme modification, and dimension scheme validation. A methodology to automatically determine the GD&T of machining volumes obtained by feature recognition is also described.     

Zigbee和Wi-Fi的干扰和共存

Zigbee是近年来出现的一种新兴的短距离无线通信技术,它采用了IEEE802.15.4标准作为其物理层和媒体接入层规范,具有低功耗、低成本和低复杂度的特点.它和Wi-Fi有着不同的应用空间,主要适用于自动控制、远程监控等领域,是Wi-Fi的有效补充.但是由于它们使用的是相同的频段,不可避免地会出现相互之间的干扰.对Zigbee和Wi-Fi的主要特性作了比较,分析了两者产生干扰的原因,在室内环境下具体分析了Zigbee对Wi-Fi的干扰情况,并且提出了两者共存问题的解决方法.     

面向机器人运动跟踪的电磁定位系统

电磁定位具有精度高、速度快和易实现等优点,所以对手术、室内和室外机器人跟踪是一个良好的选择。电磁定位以交变电磁信号作为源信号。交变的电流信号激励发射线圈（信号激励部件）在空间中产生交变的电磁场,感应线圈（信号感应部件）在交变的电磁场中输出频率相同的信号。根据输出信号的幅值和相位信息,我们可以计算出感应线圈相对于发射线圈的位置和方向信息。本文面向机器人定位跟踪,介绍电磁定位系统的原理与实现,包括磁场模型、电磁定位算法与系统软硬件的搭建与实验。本文介绍两种不同的激励模式,分别为分时激励3轴正交发射线圈模式与同时激励2轴正交发射线圈模式,两种模式中的感应线圈均采用3轴正交线圈。实验结果表明,定位系统可以达到1 mm的定位精度。