微波作用下二硫代氨基甲酸盐脱除重质原油中的镍钒

研究了微波强化作用下二硫代氨基甲酸盐NS系列化合物对新疆重质原油的脱镍钒效果.合成了具有—CSS—配位基团的NS系列化合物,该系列产物分子结构中—CSS—配位基团,可以与原油中的镍和钒发生配位反应形成水溶性化合物从而从原油中脱除.对于原油脱镍钒效果为NS3 >NS2 >NS4 >NS1,在微波强化作用下NS3脱镍钒剂对原油脱镍钒的实验表明,NS3加入量为200mg/L,微波时间为3min,微波功率为700W,反应温度为90℃和反应时间为20min的条件下,原油中镍和钒的脱除率分别为79.8%和82.4%,微波强化作用后原油的脱镍钒效率增加.     

Influence of some additives on state‐of‐mix,rheological, tensile,and dynamic mechanical properties in SBR compounds

The influence of some additives (Flexon processing oil, Struktol WB 16 slipping agent, and Struktol NS 60 homogenizing resin) on state‐of‐mix, rheological, tensile, and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. It was found that extrudate swell of the rubber compounds with either processing oil or NS 60 is governed mainly by the state‐of‐mix, but by wall slip in the case of compounds with WB 16. As for the dynamic mechanical properties, the plasticizing effect is the major factor controlling the properties in the case of processing oil, while the degree of crosslink and dilution effect are the main factors in the case of NS 60. Both degree of crosslink and state‐of‐mix are responsible for the dynamic mechanical properties in the case of WB 16. In addition, it was found that the tensile properties are controlled mainly by the plasticizing effect in the case of processing oil, but by the degree of crosslink in the cases of WB 16 and NS 60. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2474–2482, 2001     

Study on Free Lipase-Catalyzed Ethanolysis for Biodiesel Preparation in an Oil/Water Biphasic System

Using free lipase as the catalyst for biodiesel production has drawn increasing attention in recent years due to its advantages of lower cost and faster reaction rate compared to immobilized lipase. Our previous study showed that free lipase NS81006 could effectively catalyze the methanolysis of renewable oil. Ethanol, derived from renewable biomass, has a greater potential for biodiesel production. In this paper, ethanol was explored for the first time as the acyl acceptor for free lipase-mediated biodiesel preparation. The effect of stirring rate, water content, molar ratio of ethanol to oil and ethanol adding strategy was investigated systematically during the process of free lipase NS81006-catalyzed ethanolysis. An ethyl ester yield of 90% was obtained under the optimized conditions. Further study showed that the free lipase could be repeatedly used by simple separation of the water phase from the oil phase and there was no obvious loss in lipase activity after five repeated uses.     

游离脂肪酶NS81006催化含酸油脂制备生物柴油的应用研究

与固定化脂肪酶相比,游离脂肪酶具有反应速率快、成本较低的优势,成为制备生物柴油新的研究方向。前期研究结果表明,游离脂肪酶NS81006可以高效催化大豆油甲醇解制备生物柴油,进一步研究其对含酸油脂的催化,对于促进游离脂肪酶在生物柴油领域中的应用具有重要意义。本文系统研究了甲醇添加策略对游离脂肪酶NS81006催化油酸制备生物柴油的影响,进而考察了NS81006催化模拟酸化油以及实际含酸油脂制备生物柴油的转化情况。研究表明,在优化的甲醇添加策略下,游离脂肪酶NS81006可有效催化油酸、不同含酸量(0~100%,基于总质量)模拟酸化油以及实际含酸油脂进行生物柴油的制备;离心分离可有效实现NS81006的回复使用,连续回用5个批次,游离脂肪酶活性未出现明显下降。     

Lipase‐mediated methanolysis of soybean oils for biodiesel production

BACKGROUND: Biodiesel is increasingly perceived as an important component of solutions to the important current issues of fossil fuel shortages and environmental pollution. Biocatalysis of soybean oils using soluble lipase offers an alternative approach to lipase‐catalyzed biodiesel production using immobilized enzyme or whole‐cell catalysis. The central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used here to evaluate the effects of enzyme concentration, temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil and stirring rate on the yield of fatty methyl ester. RESULTS: Lipase NS81006 from a genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae was utilized as the catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil for biodiesel production. The experimental data showed that enzyme concentration, molar ratio of methanol to oil and stirring rate had the most significant impact on the yield of fatty methyl ester; a quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for methyl ester yield by multiple regression analysis. The predicted biodiesel yield was 0.928 (w/w) under the optimal conditions and the subsequent verification experiments with biodiesel yield of 0.936 ± 0.014 (w/w) confirmed the validity of the predicted model. CONCLUSION: RSM and CCD were suitable techniques to optimize the transesterification of soybean oil for biodiesel production by soluble lipase NS81006. The related lipase NS81006 reuse stability, chemical or genetic modification, and transesterification mechanism should be taken into consideration. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

RFCCU分馏塔底结焦原因及技术改造

本文介绍了黑龙江石油化工厂RFCCU在运行中分馏塔底结焦,并针对此问题,提出改造分馏塔底滤焦器,向油浆系统中加入NS－13油浆阻垢剂,在生产中调整分馏塔操作参数,保证RFCCU正常运行。     

Controlled release of naproxen from sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend beads crosslinked with glutaraldehyde

In this study, polymeric beads of sodium alginate (NaAlg) and its blend with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (2.5% v/v) and hydrochloric acid (3% v/v) for the release of naproxen sodium (NS). The prepared beads were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pictures of the beads were determined with an optic microscope. The release studies were carried out at three pH values (1.2, 6.8, and 7.4) for 2 h. The effects of the preparation conditions, including the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio, drug/polymer (w/w) ratio, and time of exposure to the crosslinker, on the release of NS were investigated for 10 h at 37°C. The release of NS decreased with the PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio and drug/polymer ratio increasing. At the end of 10 h, the highest release of NS was found to be 84% for the 1/2 PVA/NaAlg (w/w) ratio. The swelling measurements of the beads supported the release results. The release kinetics were described with Fickian and non‐Fickian approaches. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Properties of the aqueous vesicle dispersion formed with poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oil

Associated properties of the aqueous dispersion of poly(oxyethylene)hydrogenated castor oil ether(HCO-10) were studied by means of polarized microscopy, freeze-fractured electron microscopy, particle size analysis, ESR spin labelling and¹H-NMR spectra. A stable multilamellar vesicle with an average diameter of ca 0.4 μ is formed from the HCO-10 concentration below 20 wt% whose phase shows a concentric lamella. The hydrophilic layer of the vesicle is more rigid than the hydrophobic core. The fluidity around the spin label 12NS incorporated in the HCO-10 vesicle significantly decreased with temperature; however, both spin labels 5NS and 16NS did not change significantly. The mechanism of fluidity change with temperature was discussed in terms of the dehydration of ethylene oxide and the breakdown of hydrogen bonding in the HCO-10 vesicle.     

Controlled Experimental Study on Removing Diesel Oil Spillages Using Agricultural Waste Products

Diesel oil was used as adsorbate, while corn stalk, wheat straw and sawdust were used as natural sorbents for adsorbing and absorbing pure oil and oil in water. The results showed that all three agricultural wastes absorbed diesel. The corresponding saturated sorption amounts of wheat straw, corn stalk and sawdust were 8.54 g g^–1, 7.03 g g^–1 and 8.2 g g^–1. The optimum conditions found were: corn stalk particle size between 830 and 1700 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min^–1, i.e., no wave movement, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.29 g; sawdust particle size between 830 and 1700 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min^–1, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g; wheat straw particle size between 500 and 830 μm, oscillation frequency of 0 r min^–1, oil film thickness of 0.55 mm and adsorbent dosage of 0.24 g.     

Controlled Filtration of Waste Water Containing Fatty Matter

Wastes purification by “Ingram” controlled filtration process on tower packed with plastic packing called “panapak” had a new application in purification of waste water containing by-products of a vegetable oil refinery and chemical plant where BOD ranges from 5 000 to 19 000 and pH average 1.5. The biologically controlled filtration unit gives an effluent of BOD 50 by continuous operation.     

环保型原材料在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用

研究几种环保型原材料在全钢载重子午线轮胎中的应用。结果表明,以间苯二酚-甲醛树脂B-20-S替代间苯二酚、纳米氧化锌替代普通氧化锌、经处理馏分芳烃的抽出油（TDAE）替代芳烃油、促进剂NS替代NOBS、塑解剂ZD8和Renacit-11替代传统塑解剂,在保证或提高胶料性能的前提下,可以实现全钢载重子午线轮胎的环保清洁生产。     

Controlled Release Study of Phenol Formaldehyde Microcapsules Containing Neem Oil as an Insecticide

Many of the biological pesticides are supposed to be more effective than synthetic ones in controlling pests. In this communication, we report a successful encapsulation of neem oil, one of the most effective biological insecticides, in phenol formaldehyde microcapsules. This was achieved by adopting an in-situ polymerization process in oil-in-water emulsion. The synthesis consists of two parts, namely emulsification of the oil and wall formation. The synthesized microcapsules were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA, and particle size analyzer. The controlled release was monitored by measuring optical observation in the UV range.     

交联酯化作用对木薯淀粉表面活性的影响

以木薯淀粉（NS）为原料,环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,辛烯基琥珀酸酐为酯化剂,利用湿法工艺合成了交联淀粉（CS）、辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（OSAS）及交联辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯（COSAS）,并用实验方法测定了NS、CS、OSAS和COSAS的基本表面活性：对钙离子的容忍度,临界溶解温度（Krafft点）,起泡性和泡沫稳定性,对植物油脂和矿物油的乳化活性。结果表明：这4种淀粉对钙离子容忍度次序为：N4种淀粉㈣点均在70℃左右：4种淀粉起泡性及泡沫稳定性顺序为：OSAS〉COSAS〉NS〉CS：4种淀粉乳化性能大小顺序为oSAS〉COSAS〉CS〉NS。     

多级燃速可控诱导压裂点火技术研究

以火工技术为主要手段的各种油气田增产技术已得到越来越广泛的应用,多级燃速可控诱导压裂技术提高了装药量和压裂药能量的利用率,延长了作用时间,大大加强了压裂效果,值得广泛推广。而研制合适的压裂药剂体系和点火控制系统是多级燃速可控燃爆诱导压裂的关键技术。本文通过一系列室内和地面模拟试验,确定了多级脉冲可控燃爆诱导复合药优化配方及组合匹配方案;并研制了一套全隔断式延时控制点火技术装置,解决了多脉冲高能气体压裂技术能量延时控制问题,延长对地层脉冲加载压裂的作用时间,进而达到延伸地层裂缝的目标,达到增产增注的目的,具有一定的现场指导作用。     

Mechanical properties and blend compatibility of natural rubber –chlorosulfonated polyethylene blends

Natural rubber (NR) was blended with chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) with various formulation and blend ratios (NR/CSM: 80/20 –20/80, wt/wt). Rubber blends were prepared by using a two‐roll mill and vulcanized in a compression mold to obtain the 2 mm‐thick sheets. Tensile properties, tear resistance, thermal aging resistance, ozone resistance, and oil resistance were determined according to ASTM. Compatible NR/CSM blends are derived from certain blends containing 20–30% CSM without adding any compatibilizing agent. Tensile and tear strength of NR‐rich blends for certain formulations show positive deviation from the rule of mixture. Thermal aging resistance depends on formulation and blend ratio, while ozone and oil resistance of the blends increase with CSM content. Homogenizing agents used were Stuktol®60NS and Epoxyprene®25. Stuktol®60NS tends to decrease the mechanical properties of the blends and shows no significant effect on blend morphology. Addition of 5–10 phr of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR, Epoxyprene® 25) increases tensile strength, thermal aging resistance, and ozone resistance of the blends. It is found that ENR acts as a compatibilizer of the NR/CSM blends by decreasing both CSM particle size diameter and α transition temperature of CSM. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 127–140, 2006     

聚氨酯包膜控释尿素制备工艺与养分释放特性研究

4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与植物油多元醇均匀喷涂在流化状态的尿素颗粒表面并发生化学反应,形成聚氨酯膜层。以侧喷流化床包膜工艺为基础,通过研究包膜量、反应温度、反应物比例等不同工艺条件下包膜尿素的养分释放性能,获得的生产聚氨酯包膜尿素的最佳工艺条件为反应温度75℃、MDI与植物油质量比1.0:1.0、反应时间20 min、催化剂用量0.40%(质量分数)、包膜比率为4.0%(质量分数),此包膜控释尿素的养分释放周期可达70 d。     

比例阀控制电液执行机构在主风机导叶系统的应用

在主风机调节系统导叶执行机构技术改造中采用比例阀控制电液执行机构,以解决伺服阀堵塞及油温高的问题。改造方案为：①液压缸油路由开环控制改为闭环控制;②伺服阀执行机构改为比例阀控制;③液压系统采用压力循环控制。论述了技改后PLC控制系统和联锁控制系统的特点、优势以及液压控制系统的工作原理;从生产使用和经济效益方面总结了改造效果。     

Lipase catalyzed synthesis of neutral glycerides rich in micronutrients from rice bran oil fatty acid distillate

Neutral glycerides with micronutrients like sterols, tocopherols and squalene may be prepared from cheap raw material like rice bran oil fatty acid distillate (RBO FAD). RBO FAD is an important byproduct of vegetable oil refining industries in the physical refining process. Glycerides like triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG) containing significant amounts of unsaponifiable matter like sterols, tocopherols and hydrocarbons (mainly squalene) may certainly be considered as novel functional food ingredients. Fatty acids present in RBO FAD were esterified with glycerol of varying amount (1:0.33, 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:1.5 of FAD : glycerol ratio) for 8 h using non-specific enzyme NS 40013 (Candida antartica). After esterification the product mixture containing mono, di- and triglycerides was purified by molecular distillation to remove excess free fatty acids and also other volatile undesirable components. The purified product containing sterols, tocopherols and squalene can be utilized in various food formulations.     

Controlled Crack Shapes for Indentation Fracture of Soda–Lime Glass

Radial cracks for indented soda–lime glass aged in distilled water were highly elliptical because of truncation by lateral cracks. Indentation in silicone oil minimized radial/lateral crack interaction but still produced cracks having nominally constant ellipticity during bend testing. Analysis of applied stress/indentation crack length data using stress intensity factors based on half-penny crack shape resulted in apparent R -curve behavior and/or overestimation of the fracture toughness. Incorporation of elliptical shape factors eliminated the R -curve behavior and reduced measured toughness to near the accepted value for soda–lime glass.