夏枯草降糖成分提取工艺的优化

文章介绍夏枯草中降糖成分提取条件的优化研究,以熊果酸为指标物。采用乙醇加热回流法,检测方法采用紫外分光光度法,检测波长为206nm。用石油醚洗涤去除大部分杂质。选择乙醇浓度,料液比,提取温度,提取时间为考察因素。确定夏枯草中熊果酸最佳工艺条件为80%乙醇为溶剂,料液比1︰20,在80℃恒温下,水浴回流110min。该方法简单易行。     

正交试验优化双黄消炎软胶囊提取工艺

目的优化双黄消炎软胶囊提取工艺。方法通过正交试验设计,利用黄芩苷含量及浸膏得率来筛选最佳工艺。结果确定最佳提取工艺为A2B2C3,即加45%乙醇加热回流提取三次,第一次2h,第二次1h,第三次1h,每次加45%乙醇8倍量、6倍量、6倍量。结论筛选所得的工艺简单易行,适合生产放大,可做为产品的生产工艺。     

葡萄糖酸锌的制备工艺研究

用直接中和法合成葡萄糖酸锌，通过滴加乙醇降低它在水溶液中的溶解度从而得到它的晶体。得到最佳工艺条件为：物料比n（葡萄糖酸6内酯）：n（氧化锌）为1：1，最佳反应时间为2h，反应温度90℃，产品葡萄糖酸锌的产率达96％。该方法具有流程短、污染少、产品纯度高的优点．     

甘草总黄酮提取的优化条件研究

采用乙醇溶液提取甘草饮片中黄酮类物质,考察了乙醇体积分数、温度、固液比、提取时间对提取液中总黄酮含量的影响。采用正交实验设计,得出优化实验条件：乙醇体积分数60％、提取温度70℃、固液比1：20、提取时间2h（分2次提取）。甘草饮片总黄酮提取量为0.603％。     

延丹丸提取工艺优化

目的:延丹丸醇提取工艺的优化。方法:以山楂中熊果酸含量为考察指标,对延丹丸醇提取工艺中提取溶剂量、提取时间、乙醇浓度、提取次数4个因素进行优化。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为:4倍量65%乙醇回流提取1次,每次1h。结论:在此条件下,延丹丸醇提取工艺稳定可行,能有效提高山楂中熊果酸的含量。     

蟛蜞菊中黄酮物质的提取工艺研究

采用超声波辅助对蟛蜞菊叶、茎中的黄酮类化合物进行提取,在单因素试验的基础上用正交实验进行工艺参数的优化。结果表明,蟛蜞菊叶最佳提取工艺为：用蟛蜞菊叶质量60倍的40％乙醇进行超声波强化处理25min,在80℃恒温1h,黄酮提取率为2．73％;蟛蜞菊茎的最佳提取工艺为：用蟛蜞菊茎质量60倍的60％乙醇进行超声波强化处理25min,在80℃恒温1h,提取率为1．65％。实验平均回收率为101．2％。     

以苦丁茶为原料提取熊果酸工艺的研究

采用正交设计L16(45) ,用高效液相色谱法对不同提取工艺条件下苦丁茶提取液中的熊果酸的含量进行测定 ,并计算出各提取工艺条件下熊果酸的提取率。筛选出从苦丁茶中提取熊果酸的最佳工艺条件。结果显示苦丁茶中熊果酸的最佳提取工艺条件为A4B4C3 D2 ,即 95 %乙醇为溶剂 ,料液比 1∶12 ,水浴回流 3h ,提取 3次 ,提取率达 1.76 9%。     

接骨木茎总黄酮的提取条件研究

用乙醇回流提取接骨木茎总黄酮,用分光光度法进行含量测定。考察了料液比、乙醇浓度、提取时间、提取温度对接骨木茎总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶40（g/mL）,乙醇浓度50%,提取时间1.5 h,提取温度70℃,提取次数1次,提取率为0.566%。     

赤泥脱碱处理和有价金属钛钪提取的研究

赤泥是用碱从铝土矿中提取氧化铝后排除的固体残渣。研究了用石灰脱碱,降低赤泥对土壤的环境危害,并提取其中贵重金属的方法。赤泥脱碱的条件：氧化钙用量占赤泥质量的5％～8％,质量分数20％的石灰乳与赤泥质量比为（3～5）：1,在80～90℃浸取2h,当原赤泥粒度小于180μm时,脱碱后赤泥含总碱质量分数〈1．0％。从赤泥中提取钪、钛采用两段酸浸工艺：先用6mol／L盐酸浸取,盐酸浸出液用质量分数1％的P507萃取,在50℃时用2．0mol／L氢氧化钠溶液反萃取,钪的提取率达90％以上;再用17．1mol／L硫酸浸取,酸渣质量比为3：1,浸取温度为200℃,浸取时间为2h,钛提取率可达95％。     

以枸骨叶为原料提取熊果酸工艺的研究

采用正交实验筛选出从枸骨叶中提取熊果酸的最佳工艺。当使用 85%～ 95%乙醇提取两次、每次 80min时 ,对干枸骨叶的提取率达到 90 %。在后处理中使用 2 .5倍于沉淀物质量的石油醚洗涤 3次 ,最后使用乙醇重结晶得到产品。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。