汽车后延臂的液压胀形工艺研究

在对汽车后延臂的液压胀形工艺进行了实验研究的基础上，针对汽车后延臂珠承载情况对其结构提出了改进设计，并根据液压胀形工件的结构要求，分析了汽车后延臂的成形工艺过程。在给定实验条件下，分别考察和研究了液压胀形的主要工艺渗数（如管内压力、轴向进给量及摩擦条件）对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明，文中所提出的工艺设计对汽车后延臂液压胀形技术开发具有重要的应用价值。     

Analysis and design of hydroforming process for automobile rear axle housing by FEM

An FEM program, HydroFORM-3D, for the analysis and design of tube hydroforming processes, has been developed by modifying and adding some subroutines to the previous rigid-plastic finite element program, and then applied to the hydroforming process for an automobile rear axle housing. This paper includes the theoretical background of the program development. Through a numerical simulation, an optimum process is proposed to meet the practical requirements, which shows the efficiency of the numerical simulation. Two types of hydroforming dies are analyzed by numerical simulation. The sliding-type die has the drawback of a possibility of buckling, whereas the fixed-type die causes bursting failure. The thickness distribution of the final product is affected not only by the types of die, but also by the loading paths. The potential failure site for rear axle housing predicted by the numerical simulation is consistent with the experimental results. The values of maximum axial compression force for the first and second hydroforming processes are also in good agreement with experimental data. To manufacture a sound automobile rear axle housing without failure, it is better to use the sliding-type die and it is also critical to maintain a suitable hydraulic pressure level.     

基于DYNAFORM的内高压成形中预成形工艺改进

对复杂形状空心构件内高压成形工艺进行了数字模拟研究。采用有限元模拟,对矩形截面空心零件弯曲部位在内高压成形过程中产生起皱、破裂等缺陷进行了分析;针对矩形截面空心件弯曲部位,提出采用椭圆截面充液预成形的方法,控制起皱、破裂缺陷的产生,成形质量较理想。并通过试验进行了验证,采用较低压力可以改善内高压成形过程中材料的分布、提高材料的成形极限、控制缺陷产生并提高产品质量。     

板液压成形及无模充液拉深技术

板液压成形技术是液压成形技术中重要的一类 ,广泛地应用于宇航、汽车等工业领域。近年来由于新材料和复杂几何形状零件的不断出现 ,更加突出此种技术的关键性。本文就板液压成形技术原理、数值模拟技术和分类进行了研究 ,探讨了此种技术将来的发展 ,介绍了基于板液压成形技术的无模充液拉深技术 ,利用实验和数值模拟技术对此技术进行了分析 ,验证了此项技术的可行性 ,并取得了较好的结果     

A Modified Isotropic–Kinematic Hardening Model to Predict the Defects in Tube Hydroforming Process

Numerical simulations of tube hydroforming process of hollow crankshafts were conducted by using finite element analysis method. Moreover, the modified model involving the integration of isotropic–kinematic hardening model with ductile criteria model was used to more accurately optimize the process parameters such as internal pressure, feed distance and friction coefficient. Subsequently, hydroforming experiments were performed based on the simulation results. The comparison between experimental and simulation results indicated that the prediction of tube deformation, crack and wrinkle was quite accurate for the tube hydroforming process. Finally, hollow crankshafts with high thickness uniformity were obtained and the thickness distribution between numerical and experimental results was well consistent.     

补料比对Y型三通管内高压成形影响研究

对于Y型三通管,由于其结构的不对称性,内高压成形过程中左右冲头的轴向补料比对成形有较大的影响.通过实验和数值模拟,研究了补料比对Y型三通管的壁厚影响规律以及成形中产生的缺陷.结果表明:成形后零件左侧过渡区圆角处壁厚最大,右侧过渡区圆角处次之,枝管顶部壁厚最薄;增加补料比能在一定程度上改善枝管部分的壁厚减薄,但过度加大左右补料比,会使试件左侧圆角处产生内凹缺陷.     

Application of two dimensional (2D) FEA for the tube hydroforming process

Use of FEM in the metal forming process has been a proven analysis tool. Two-dimensional FEA for simplified sections can help to reduce time and cost in part, tooling and process design in tube hydroforming technology as it is a relatively new process, and the existing experience and knowledge base is not as broad as with other forming processes. Some case studies are presented to demonstrate the use of two-dimensional FEA in the hydroforming process. Upon verification through comparison of FEA predictions with experimental results, further planned simulations are conducted to generate simple design rules on geometrical and process parameters.     

矩形抛物面反光罩充液成形的研究

对矩形抛物面反光罩的充液成形进行研究，探讨该零件充液成形的变形特点。对工件成形过程中出现的破裂现象进行了分析，按成形中破裂发生的位置和变形阶段分5种情况对破裂的成因进行研究，结果表明，液体压力控制方式、压边力的大小以及初期液体压力的加载方式是影响破裂的主要因素。最后通过实验成形出合格零件，获得了大拉深比矩形抛物面反光罩的成形曲线。     

管件液压成形技术及其进展

管件液压成形技术属先进制造技术,因其具有众多优点,已在汽车行业得到广泛应用。简要介绍该技术的成形原理、优缺点及应用,从设备及模具、材料及成型性、工艺参数及失败模式、数值模拟及优化方法、预成形、摩擦与润滑等方面分析国内外的研究和应用状况,并指出该技术的发展趋势。     

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Temperature Effect on Thickness Distribution in Warm Hydroforming of Aluminum Tubes

Reduction of weight and increase of corrosion resistance are among the advantageous applications of aluminum alloys in automotive industry. Producing complicated components with several parts as a uniform part not only increases their strength but also decreases the production sequences and costs. However, achieving this purpose requires sufficient formability of the material. Tube hydroforming is an alternative process to produce complex products. In this process, the higher the material formability the more uniform will be the thickness distribution. In this research, tube hydroforming of aluminum alloy (AA1050) at various temperatures has been investigated numerically to study temperature effect on thickness distribution of final product. Also a warm hydroforming set-up has been designed and manufactured to evaluate numerical results. According to numerical and experimental results in the case of free bulging, unlike the constrained bulging, increase of the process temperature causes more uniform thickness distribution and therefore increases the material formability.     

Die closing force in low pressure tube hydroforming

Recently, low pressure tube hydroforming has emerged as a technology to reduce the weight of automotive body structures by allowing the implementation of advanced high strength steels and minimizing the number of process steps. In this study, a simplified analytical model based on a rigid, perfectly plastic material model was developed to determine the die closing force needed to form a simple geometry using the low pressure hydroforming process. The analytical solution developed was compared with experimental and numerical results; this demonstrated a reasonable accuracy of the model which will assist in the understanding of the basic principles governing the low pressure hydroforming process.     

内压对Y型三通管内高压成形影响研究

利用数值模拟对Y型三通管内高压成形过程进行了研究,研究了87MPa～145MPa范围内5条不同内压的加载路径的成形过程,分析了过渡区内凹、支管高度不足等缺陷产生的原因和内压为116MPa时零件成形过程中典型位置的壁厚变化,以及内压对零件壁厚分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明,106MPa～126MPa为成形Y型三通管合适的压力区间,但不同内压成形的零件最小壁厚不同。     

Analysis of Residual Stresses in High-Pressure Sheet Metal Forming

The further development of innovative forming processes like sheet metal hydroforming is only possible with the help of detailed knowledge about the workpiece properties and their formation depending on the particular process strategy. Up to now, the detailed understanding regarding the formation of residual stresses in hydroforming processes like the high-pressure sheet metal forming (HBU) is insufficient. Therefore, numerical (FEM) and experimental investigations on the residual stresses induced in HBU-formed workpieces have been carried out. The results show that a higher fluid pressure leads to significantly lower residual stresses in addition to an improved accuracy of form and dimensions.     

板材零件成对液压成形的分析与试验研究

板材成对液压成形技术是一种新的板材成形技术,具有成形性好、制造工期短、费用低等优点,特别适用于批量小、形状复杂板材零件的生产。本文对板材成对液胀成形技术进行了理论分析和试验研究,介绍了该技术的技术原理和特点,提出了提高其成形极限的措施。结果表明：理论分析结果和实验结果是一致的。     

支叉管零件充液成形工艺

针对某军机支叉管类零件的结构型面复杂、曲率变化大的特点,其传统的成形方式主要采用落压成形,在成形过程中易产生起皱、破裂和表面质量差等问题.因此,提出采用被动式充液成形来加工支叉管零件,并利用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立有限元分析模型,对其充液成形过程进行有限元仿真模拟,研究不同压边力对充液成形的影响,从模拟...     

Optimized constitutive equation of material property based on inverse modeling for aluminum alloy hydroforming simulation

1Introduction Sheet hydroforming has many advantages such as high drawing ratio,good part surface,and can be applied widely in the versatile and low volume production with miscellaneous materials such as aluminum alloys,high-strength steel,stainless steel…     

Strain hardening behavior during manufacturing of tube shapes by hydroforming

Safe and robust process design relies on knowledge of the evolution of the mechanical properties in a tube during hydroforming. The manufacturing of tubular shapes generally consists of three main stages: bending, preforming, and expansion. The latter is usually called hydroforming. As a result of these three steps, the final product’s strain hardening history is nonlinear. In the present study, the strain hardening behavior during hydroforming was experimentally investigated. The variation of local flow stress and/or local hardness was used as an index of the strain hardening during the various steps and the local flow stress and/or local hardness were used with respective correlations to determine the effective strain. The strain hardening behavior during hydroforming after preforming has been successfully analyzed by using the relationships between hardness, flow stress, and effective strain for variable pre-strains prior to hydroforming. The comparison of predicted hardness with measured hardness confirms that the methodology used in this study is feasible, and that the strain hardening behavior can be quantitatively estimated with good accuracy.     

薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳液压成形工艺研究

数码相机外壳是形状复杂的非旋转体不规则结构薄壳形件,文章基于其工艺难点及形状特征分析,采用1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢板材进行了不同液压加载路径下的充液拉深成形实验,并结合有限元模拟,分析了液压加载与凸模运动的不同匹配关系对成形结果的影响;针对各种成形缺陷分析其产生原因,并确定了合适的成形工艺参数,模拟结果与实验吻合良好。在室温条件下,以1mm/s～2mm/s的凸模速度进行液压成形,在液压载荷最高为20MPa时,成功试制出表面质量好、结构精度高的薄壁不锈钢数码相机外壳。研究结果为复杂结构薄壳形件液压成形工艺参数的确定和优化设计奠定了基础,并为采用液压成形工艺生产和加工电子器件不锈钢外壳提供实验和理论依据。     

复杂薄壁微小截面环形件的充液成形技术研究

针对具有微小特征尺寸的复杂薄壁环形零件提出了轴向进给与充液胀形相结合的多级充液成形工艺方法.以通用有限元软件ABAQUS为平台建立数值模拟模型,基于建立的模型对复杂环形零件的成形工艺进行模拟,分析了液室压力加载曲线、模具的摩擦系数、开模间距等工艺条件对成形的影响,得出开模间距和液室压力是影响成形结果的主要因素,最终给出...     

A fast algorithm for strain prediction in tube hydroforming based on one-step inverse approach

This paper presents recent developments of a simplified finite element method called the inverse approach (IA) for the estimation of large elastoplastic strains and thickness distribution in tube hydroforming. The basic formulation of the IA, proposed by Guo et al. (1990), has been modified and adapted for the modeling of three-dimensional tube hydroforming problems in which the initial geometry is a circular tube expanded by internal pressure and submitted to axial feed at the tube ends. The application of the IA is illustrated through the analyses of numerical applications concerning the hydroforming of axisymmetric bulge, made from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 tubing, the hydroforming of square section hollow component and the hydroforming of a free Tee extrusion from welded low carbon steel LCS-1008 tubing. Verifications of the obtained results have been carried out using experimental results together with the classical explicit dynamic incremental approach using ABAQUS^® commercial code to show the effectiveness of our approach.