含壳聚糖-V_E微胶囊化妆品中V_E的稳定性

以壳聚糖为壁材、VE为芯材采用单凝聚法制备壳聚糖-VE微胶囊,然后分别制备VE化妆品和壳聚糖-VE微胶囊化妆品。以正己烷为溶剂萃取放置一定时间化妆品中VE,采用HPLC测定萃取VE含量,对比分析不同化妆品中VE稳定性。实验得出:壳聚糖-VE微胶囊化妆品与直接加入VE化妆品比较,15d后直接加入VE化妆品中的VE含量下降22.3%,壳聚糖-VE微胶囊化妆品中的VE含量下降8.7%,壳聚糖-VE微胶囊化妆品中的VE得到保护和隔离,提高了化妆品中VE稳定性。     

不同虾壳部位中的甲壳素和壳聚糖

用EDTA的方法分别从虾壳的不同部位:虾头、虾身、虾足和虾头内容物三部分制备甲壳素和壳聚糖,对三组试样的性能参数如脱乙酰度和相对分子量等进行分析研究。得出结论:由虾壳不同部位所制得的甲壳素和壳聚糖结构基本一致,但其脱乙酰度和相对分子量有较大差别,其物化性质也有所不同。在三组试样中,以从虾头壳制备的甲壳素和壳聚糖的相对分子质量为最大;而脱乙酰度则以从虾足和虾头内容物中制得试样较高。     

虾壳制备甲壳素和壳聚糖的研究

用EDTA的方法分别从虾壳的不同部位:虾头、虾身、虾足和虾头内容物三部分制备甲壳素和壳聚糖,对三组试样的性能参数如脱乙酰度和相对分子量等进行分析研究。得出结论:由虾壳不同部位所制得的甲壳素和壳聚糖结构基本一致,但其脱乙酰度和相对分子量有较大差别,所以其物化性质也有所不同。特别值得一提的是,在三组试样中,以从虾头壳制备的甲壳素和壳聚糖的相对分子质量为最大;而脱乙酰度则以从虾足和虾头内容物中制得试样较高。     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖的制备及其聚集行为研究

壳聚糖的脱乙酰度直接影响壳聚糖的物理化学和生物特性。在乙酸-水-甲醇体系中研究壳聚糖的乙酰化反应工艺,考察了反应时间、壳聚糖质量浓度对乙酰化反应的影响,优化了反应条件。研究表明,反应时间为6h时,壳聚糖乙酰化反应基本完全,乙酰化反应后,相对重均分子质量基本不变,壳聚糖相对分子质量分布变宽。在优化后的反应条件下,改变乙酸酐加入量分别制备了脱乙酰度为76%,64%和54%的不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖。芘荧光光谱研究表明,壳聚糖的临界聚集浓度(CSC)随脱乙酰度的降低而增加。     

微波辐射制备壳聚糖

用质量分数34％的NaOH在微波辐射下对甲壳素进行非均相脱乙酰以快速制备壳聚糖，并测定了不同条件下制得的壳聚糖的相对分子质量和脱乙酰度，该反应时间短，重复性好，产品质量易控制。     

锐孔-凝固浴法制备橙子油微胶囊的工艺研究

以壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为壁材,采用锐孔-凝固浴法对制备橙子油微胶囊的工艺进行了研究。通过单因素实验和正交实验,以包埋率、成型效果为主要评价指标,系统探讨了橙子油微胶囊制备的工艺条件。结果表明,海藻酸钠浓度为3.5%,壳聚糖浓度为1.5%,壁材与芯材的质量比为1∶3,橙子油微胶囊的包埋率为89.20%。对制备的橙子油微胶囊的缓释性进行了研究,结果表明橙子油微胶囊的缓释性良好。     

壳聚糖脱乙酰度的实验研究

以虾壳为原料制取甲壳素 ,甲壳素脱乙酰基制备壳聚糖。讨论了影响壳聚糖脱乙酰度的因素。通过正交实验得出了制备壳聚糖的最佳工艺条件为氢氧化钠浓度 4 0 % ,反应温度 90℃ ,反应时间 14h。通过分段碱制得脱乙酰度高达 98.14 %的壳聚糖     

异丙醇分离膜的研究

渗透汽化分离是一种高效、节能的分离技术,特别是用于近沸及恒沸混合物的分离,发展渗透汽化分离技术的关键是开发具有优良分离性能的膜材料。壳聚糖是甲壳质脱乙酰基得到的产物,又称可溶性甲壳质,可溶性甲壳素和脱乙酰甲壳质。学名为β(1→4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-D-葡聚糖。是一种天然高分子材料,来源丰富,成膜性好,是一种性能优异的新型渗透分离膜材料。对于恒沸物、沸点相近混合物和异构体的分离具有独特的优越性,特别是用于异丙醇和水的分离具有重要的工业应用价值。本文系统研究了诸如壳聚糖浓度、壳聚糖相对分子质量和脱乙酰度成膜条件对膜性能的影响,以制得具有高渗透通量、良好选择分离效果、有一定强度的壳聚糖渗透汽化膜(PV),用于异丙醇和水的分离。通过实验研究,发现随着壳聚糖浓度、壳聚糖相对分子质量和脱乙酰度的增加,PV膜的渗透通量降低,而分离因子增大。添加戊二醛和聚乙烯醇可以改善膜的渗透汽化性能。经研究得到较佳制膜条件:壳聚糖相对分子质量84562,脱乙酰度88.69%,壳聚糖浓度2%(质量分数)。在该条件下制得的膜渗透通量为136.4 g/(m2.h),分离因子为61.5。     

高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的制备

以甲壳素为原料,以异丁醇为溶剂,氢氧化钠为亲核试剂,探讨了一种制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的新方法.研究了投料比、反应温度、反应时间、反应方法等对脱乙酰度的影响.结果表明,在反应温度为110℃,反应时间2.5h,壳聚糖∶NaOH∶醇=1∶5∶12(质量比)条件下制得脱乙酰度为93.2%的壳聚糖,而传统水溶剂脱乙酰度小于50%.另外间歇法处理样品可以在较短的时间里制备出脱乙酰度较高的壳聚糖,并用红外谱图对壳聚糖进行了表征.     

浸润法制备壳聚糖工艺的研究

提出在浸润的条件下 ,以较少量碱液投加量 ,脱乙酰制备壳聚糖。通过正交实验找到脱乙酰度 85 % ,相对分子质量达 6 8× 10 5的壳聚糖的最佳制备工艺条件 :温度 14 0℃、反应时间 4h、蟹壳与 70 %NaOH水溶液的质量比为 1∶1。同时考察了脱钙、脱乙酰阶段反应条件对壳聚糖质量的影响     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。