菲律宾PASAR冶炼厂硫酸装置改扩建的设计和运行实践

介绍了菲律宾PASAR冶炼厂硫酸装置改扩建的设计和运行实践情况。改扩建项目将阴极铜产能由215 kt/a扩产至300 kt/a,扩产后净化出口最大烟气量为277 000 m~3/h,烟气φ(SO_2)为14.56%,配套硫酸总产能1 184.5 kt/a。新建一套规模为511.5 kt/a的硫酸装置,与原有的673 kt/a硫酸装置形成一头两尾配置。改扩建后硫酸厂的处理能力、成品酸的产量达到设计要求,新扩建的硫酸厂烟气处理能力及废酸处理能力均超过设计值,总转化率高于99.86%,吸收率99.99%,硫酸尾气φ(SO_2)0.014%。废酸处理的脱铜、脱砷率均高于98%。     

贵州磷化磷石膏资源化利用现状

目前我国大部分磷肥生产企业磷石膏固体废渣只能堆存,占用了大量土地,当堆场防渗处理不好时,投入大量的资金对堆存的磷石膏进行防渗治理,给企业发展带来了很大的经济负担。贵州磷化将磷石膏改性后进行井下充填采矿,可利用磷石膏2 000～3 000 kt/a;通过在建材方面的开发与利用,全面投产后形成1 200 kt/a建筑石膏粉、1 800 kt/a高温石膏粉、300 kt/a高强石膏粉配套上下游产品、2 100 kt/a石膏砂浆、石膏条板1×10~7 m~2/a、3×10~7 m~2/a无纸面石膏板、1.2×10~6 m~2/a石膏配筋大板的生产能力,可消耗磷石膏3 000～5 000 kt/a;与科研单位合作进行磷石膏制硫酸联产活性氧化钙中试项目,对实现贵州"以渣定产"的目标和磷石膏资源化、绿色化、产业化综合利用具有十分重要的意义。     

200 kt/a粉状MAP装置试车总结

2 0 0kt/a粉状MAP装置是 40 0× 2kt/aTSP装置技术改造后其中的一个装置 ,是我国自行设计、建设的最大国产化粉状MAP装置。介绍了工艺流程和化工试车期间对主要工艺参数调整的情况 ,针对系统易堵塞影响开车率问题 ,完善了热水冲洗和热水清洗系统 ,使该装置在短时间内达到了设计能力。     

低供热源变压再生技术应用小结

我公司原设计能力为年产合成氨 60 kt,最终产品为硝铵。经过近 1 0年的技术改造 ,合成氨生产能力已提高到 1 0 0 kt/ a,造气、压缩、合成等大部分生产设备已具备年产 1 2 0 kt合成氨的能力 ,主要瓶颈部位在净化。在净化系统中 ,经过中变串耐硫低变的改造 ,与现有低变、甲烷化 (双甲烷化炉 )配套 ,都具备了增产的条件。生产瓶颈就在脱硫和脱碳。公司经过调研 ,决定对脱硫和脱碳进行技改。目标是充分发挥现有设备的能力 ,合成氨系统达到年产 1 2 0 kt,从而使氨加工系统(1 3 0 kt/ a硝铵和 40 kt/ a尿素 )都能满负荷生产 ,达到降低成本 ,增加利…     

航天炉粉煤气化装置循环水系统节能减排改造总结

<正>0前言安徽晋煤中能化工股份有限公司(以下简称中能公司)2008年投产运行的150 kt/a甲醇装置和2012年投产运行的200 kt/a合成氨装置使用航天炉制气,有2套配套的循环水系统,1#循环水系统(保有水量5 600 m3,循环量12 000 m3/h)与甲醇系统空分装置和联合装置、合成氨系统空分装置、精甲醇装置配套;2#循环水系统(保有水量     

湖北宜都兴发化工600kt/a磷铵项目投产

湖北宜都兴发化工600 kt/a磷铵项目于2012年7月19日进入全面试车阶段。该项目由中国化学工程集团十三公司承建,属于宜都兴发生态工业园一期工程项目。一期工程投资约20亿元,占地1.0×10~6 m~2,建设项目除600 kt/a磷铵外,还包括50 kt/a湿法酸精制、800 kt/a硫酸、300 kt/a磷酸、2000 kt/a选矿及配套     

高硫煤锅炉烟气氨法脱硫系统工艺设计及运行小结

黔西县黔希煤化工投资有限责任公司300kt/a乙二醇装置配套3×220t/h高压流化床锅炉系统采用贵州当地煤,锅炉系统原配套有烟气脱硫系统1套,采用"氨-硫酸铵湿法烟气脱硫"工艺;由于贵州当地高硫煤居多,实际运行中,当系统进口烟气中的SO2含量超过4000mg/m3时,出口尾气中的SO2和颗粒物含量无法达标排放.按照《...     

曼海姆法硫酸钾装置所用原料对成品质量的影响

曼海姆法硫酸钾装置生产中,成品质量的影响因素较多,主要包括原料、设备、工艺及操作控制等方面,其中原料氯化钾和硫酸的选择对成品品质有很大的影响.以2×10kt/a曼海姆法硫酸钾装置为例,结合系统工艺流程与工艺指标及产量等,介绍原料硫酸、氯化钾的选择,阐释对成品硫酸钾、成品盐酸、成品混酸质量的认识,着重论述原料及添加剂(石...     

水煤气制备CO工艺应用总结

<正>兖矿鲁南化工有限公司原有3台德士古气化炉,正常生产2开1备,配套100 kt/a合成氨系统和200 kt/a甲醇系统。2009年,筹建100 kt/a醋酐装置时,为了节约投资,经过多次研究,100 kt/a醋酐装置配套的原料气供给系统决定采用原有的甲醇净化副系统,对其流程进行再设计、扩大能力,在不影响甲醇产量的前提下,为醋酐装置提供足够的精制高纯度CO气。该项目立足生产实际情况,将甲醇净化副系统处理气量从原来的最大10 000 m~3/h(标态)扩产至24 000 m~3/h(标态),以满足醋酐生产需求。     

微量甲醇泄漏对循环水的危害及处理措施

<正>山东联盟化工股份有限公司生产装置现有400 kt/a合成氨、600 kt/a尿素及100 kt/a单醇的生产能力。该生产装置配套的循环水系统处理能力为6 000 m~3/h,共计建有凉水塔3台,每台处理能力为2 000 m~3/h,最大循环量为5 760 m~3/h,系统保有水量为4 200 m~3,补水为地下深井水,冷却介质为甲醇。日常运行过程中进行加药杀菌、阻     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。