Identification of the Cl(-)-binding site in the human red and green color vision pigments

Chloride ions are known to bind and alter the absorption spectra of some but not all visual pigments. In this report, the human red and green color vision pigments are shown to bind Cl- and to undergo a large red shift in their absorption maxima. Mutation of 18 different positively charged amino acids in these pigments identified two residues, His197 and Lys200, in the Cl(-)-binding site. His197 and Lys200 are strictly conserved in all long-wavelength cone pigments but are absent in all rhodopsins and short-wavelength cone pigments. This fact suggests that the evolutionary branch of the long-wavelength pigments was established when an ancestral pigment acquired the ability to bind Cl- and, as a result, shift the absorption maximum to longer wavelengths.     

K红金首饰颜色问题的探讨

K红金是以铜为主要合金元素的金合金材料,因呈现美丽的玫瑰红色而广受欢迎。K红金在生产和使用过程中常因颜色不够红、容易晦暗和变色等问题而引起异议。文中对K红金首饰的颜色评价方式进行了探讨,肉眼观察颜色具有较大的主观性,在批量生产时应制作标准色版进行比对,并利用分光光度计对合金的本体颜色和颜色差别进行量化检测。检验条件和样品的表面状态对颜色检测结果会造成影响,保持这些条件的一致性是使检验结果具有可比性的基础。K红金的颜色、抗晦暗和变色性能及加工性能与其成分关系密切,设计其成分时需要综合考虑颜色要求和加工性能要求。     

Standardized evaluation of red, green and blue perception. Comparison between color arrangement and computer-assisted test procedures

The Canadian Forces have deployed on humanitarian, peacekeeping, and peacemaking operations frequently throughout the 1990s. The circumstances that many Canadian soldiers have found themselves in while deployed have been grim. They have been witness to countless unspeakable acts and carry the burden of their experiences with them. As a result of their operational deployment, many soldiers develop stress reactions that interfere with their daily social functioning. This article reviews the psychological support provided to Canadian soldiers deployed to Rwanda in 1994. The primary intervention known as "debriefing" is also elaborated upon.     

Nonspecific effects of exposure on stimuli that cannot be recognized.

The repeated exposure of unmasked irregular geometric shapes for very brief durations (1 or 2 ms) has been shown to generate preferences as well as judgments of familiarity for the previously exposed shapes. At the same time these stimuli are not recognized as having been presented. Such exposure also leads to judgments of brightness and darkness independent of stimulus intensity, and it is dependent on the use of unmasked stimuli. This effect is nonspecific, in contrast to stimulus-specific effects with masked stimuli, and it is not restricted to affective judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Urodynamic variables cannot be used to classify the severity of detrusor instability

We herein report a case of pyelitis cystica in 65-year-old woman. She was referred to our hospital in order to have a treatment for a stone in the ureter on left side. Excretory urogram showed hydronephrosis on left, and multiple, small, smooth and round filling defects in the renal pelvis on right side. ESWL was performed to the ureteral stone, and the stone was discharged completely in 4 days. Then further examinations were made for the filling defects of right renal pelvis. Nonopaque calculi were ruled out on retrograde pyelogram and CT scan. Urinary cytology from the renal pelvis was class I. Our impression was pyelitis cystica of right kidney. Under spinal anesthesia, ureterofiberscopy was performed. Multiple small cysts were observed in the pelvis and calyx, as well as cystitis cystica. Cold cup biopsy was also done and histopathological finding ws pyelitis cystica, without malignancy. We compared endoscopic findings with radiographic findings in 18 cases of pyloureteritis cystica from the Japanese literature. The radiographic findings were multiple small, in a uniform size, and round filling defects with regular contour, and the endoscopic findings were multiple white or ocher colored, half sphere or sphere shaped, and small cyst with smooth surface in 15 of 18 cases. We thought these findings were characteristic ones in pyloureteritis cystica. Endoscopy and biopsy are mandatory for diagnosis of pyeloureteritis cystica.     

A note on the MMPI as a suicide predictor.

Offers comments on C. V. Leonard's (1977) article on the MMPI as a suicide predictor. Her appraisal of former studies and her consideration of the differences between individuals with different suicidal behaviors are critically evaluated. It is suggested that future research should emphasize the development of useful MMPI indices of suicidal risk and should recognize the need to cross-validate these indices. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perception of the color red enhances the force and velocity of motor output.

The present research examined whether perception of the color red influences basic motor functioning. Prior research on color and motor functioning has been guided by ill-defined theoretical statements, and has been plagued by methodological problems. Drawing on theoretical and empirical work on the threat-behavior link in human and nonhuman animals, we proposed and tested the prediction that perceiving red enhances the force and velocity of motor output. Experiment 1 demonstrated that red, relative to gray (matched to red on lightness), facilitates pinchgrip force. Experiment 2 demonstrated that red, relative to gray (matched to red on lightness) and blue (matched to red on lightness and chroma) facilitates handgrip force and the velocity of that force. These findings clearly establish a link between red and basic motor action, illustrate the importance of rigorous experimental methods when testing color effects, and highlight the need to attend to the functional, as well as aesthetic, value of color. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on the evaluation of a new answer form.

An answer form with a new item format proved comparable to a standard IBM form in an answer-marking task. A new red answer form with similar new item format was then used with actual tests. Ss were 4th graders, 8th graders, and 12th graders in 4 cities; each took a test form appropriate for his grade level with a new and old answer form. The new answer form was considered acceptable for use in the 8th grade and higher grades. Color change represented by the new red answer form had no significant effect on test performance of persons in the 8th grade or higher. Statistical analyses of the 4th-grade data proved inconclusive. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A brief note on a new beginning.

Illustrates the use of sustained empathic inquiry within a brief vignette describing the treatment of a 40-yr-old male patient with a longstanding suicidal wish that became a plan. The S, who was repeatedly abused sexually as a youth, became suicidal as he began to integrate painful affects associated with the memories of this trauma as part of treatment. An interpretation given in a session during the 9th mo of treatment provided understanding that the S had condensed the ending of his physical life and the metaphoric expression of relief from suffering and exploitation. The interpretation initiated a transformation of the S's dreaded expectation of exploitation and provided the S with a new beginning characterized by the expectation of responsivity and understanding to his inner life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on the criterion.

The concept of the criterion in much applied research has implied the possibility of identifying a single, ultimate measure against which predictors should be correlated. It is argued that the criterion has been overemphasized with the result that complexities of predicting the many facets of job success have been ignored in favor of overly simplified studies designed to relate predictors to single measures of job success. Applied psychologists should give more emphasis to construct validation and make an effort to learn more about the meaning of test scores and other predictors in terms of multiple dimensions of behavior. Information available on the Engineering Research Key of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank is presented in order to illustrate the pattern of validation research recommended. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A note on migration and employment

We have developed a new J-shaped lead for atrial pacing. The lead has silicone rubber tines which become entangled in the trabeculae and thereby anchor the lead firmly in the left atrial appendage. Later, scar tissue forms around the tines, rather than around the electrode, so that there is no problem with either lead displacement or loss of sensing.     

Phospholipid composition of the mammalian red cell membrane can be rationalized by a superlattice model

Although the phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane has been studied extensively, it remains an enigma as to how the observed composition arises and is maintained. We show here that the phospholipid composition of the human erythrocyte membrane as a whole, as well as the composition of its individual leaflets, is closely predicted by a model proposing that phospholipid head groups tend to adopt regular, superlattice-like lateral distributions. The phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane from most other mammalian species, as well as of the platelet plasma membrane, also agrees closely with the predictions of the superlattice model. Statistical analyses indicate that the agreement between the observed and predicted compositions is highly significant, thus suggesting that head group superlattices may indeed play a central role in the maintenance of the phospholipid composition of the erythrocyte membrane.     

A note on assessing the superiority of a combination drug with a specific alternative

The gas atmosphere and medium composition are critical factors in the in vitro development of one- and two-cell embryos of several species. The present study evaluated the effect of different O2/CO2 concentrations (2/5, 2/10, 5/2.5, 5/5, 5/10, 10/10 and 21/5) on pig one- and two-cell embryo development. The embryos were individually cultured, for 6 days at 39 degrees C in a medium rich in bicarbonate and glutamine and containing pyruvate and lactate but lacking glucose. When the CO2 levels increased from 2.5% to 10%, the pH of the medium decreased from 8.2 to 7.5 and the development of the embryos was affected, but this depended mainly on the O2 levels. Pig embryo development was inhibited by 2 and 21% O2 levels. The optimum level for pig embryo development was 5% O2 and 5% CO2, whatever the criteria used to evaluate embryo development. At these optimal levels, the mean number of cells per embryo was 26 +/- 1.7 (ls mean +/- SE), and 50% of the one- and two-cell embryos developed to blastocysts. The substitution of 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the medium by 0.3% polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP) significantly decreased the one- and two-cell embryo development. When the calcium and chloride contents of the medium with PVP were reduced, however, the embryo development was similar to that observed in the medium containing BSA. Pig embryo development in vitro was found to be optimal under an atmosphere of 5% O2 and 5% CO2 and PVP could replace BSA as the high molecular weight supplement.     

关于图及其主子图的自同构群的注记

目的 证明Stephen G.Hartke 和 Hannah Kolb在2009年提出的2个有限群删减关系的相关结论.方法 根据有限群与代数图论的相关理论用演绎法证明的方法.结果 完全严格地证明了有限群删减关系的相关结论.结论 不仅证明了相关结论,而且对Stephen G.Hartke 和 Hannah Kolb给出的构图方法进行优化,使构造出的图阶数相对较小.