钛铁结晶釉的研制

本文以钾长石、石英、石灰石、烧滑石、骨灰、氧化铁、氧化钛为主要原料来制备钛铁结晶釉。通过单因素试验法、正交试验分析法,探讨了各原料、工艺因素、烧成制度对钛铁结晶釉性能的影响。     

变色结晶釉的研制

本文在硅酸锌结晶釉的基础上加入变色色料,对基础结晶釉的组成、变色颜料的组成和添加量、制备工艺条件等进行了系统的研究试验。通过采用一定的生产工艺,成功研制出烧成温度为1340℃的新型结晶釉——变色结晶釉,并探讨了各组成及工艺制度对结晶尺寸的影响,确定了最佳的工艺配方,分析了影响变色效果的各个因素。     

茶叶末结晶釉的制备

以钾长石、烧滑石、方解石、苏州土、石英、三氧化二铁、钛白粉为原材料制备茶叶末结晶釉,通过单因素实验法,考察了配方组成与烧成条件对茶叶末结晶釉的釉面效果的影响。实验获得了釉面结晶效果较好的茶叶末釉的配方组成和工艺参数,茶叶末结晶釉的最佳配方组成为(质量%):钾长石28%、烧滑石11%、方解石12%、苏州土10%、石英29%、三氧化二铁7%、氧化锌2%,钛白粉1%。烧成制度:烧成温度为1 250～1 260℃,保温温度为1 175～1 200℃,保温时间为30 min。     

低温快烧结晶釉的研制

从工艺配方着手,试制成功了一种符合现代建筑陶瓷产品低温快速烧成要求的新型结晶釉。探讨了各组成及釉层厚度对结晶性能的影响,利用X射线衍射分析确定本实验中釉中形成了大量的Zn2SiO4晶体。     

釉里红多彩结晶釉的研制

在硅酸锌结晶釉的基础上加入色料,对基础结晶釉的组成、颜料的组成和添加量、制备工艺条件等进行了系统的试验研究。通过采用适宜的生产工艺,成功研制出烧成温度为1310℃的新型结晶釉——釉里红多彩结晶釉,并探讨了各组成及工艺制度对结晶尺寸的影响,确定了最佳的工艺条件,分析了影响结晶效果的诸因素。     

一种新型艺术釉——绒光釉

通过分析易结晶原料的性能特点，确立了合理的绒光釉配方及相应的工艺参数，探讨了釉料形成机理，研制出一种适合精陶及其它陶瓷产品的艺术釉－绒光釉。     

釉里红多彩结晶釉的研制

在硅酸锌结晶釉的基础上加入色料,对基础结晶釉的组成、颜料的组成和添加量、制备工艺条件等进行了系统的试验研究.通过采用适宜的生产工艺,成功研制出烧成温度为1310℃的新型结晶釉--釉里红多彩结晶釉,并探讨了各组成及工艺制度对结晶尺寸的影响,确定了最佳的工艺条件,分析了影响结晶效果的诸因素.     

釉里红多彩结晶釉的研制

在硅酸锌结晶釉的基础上加入色料,对基础结晶釉的组成、颜料的组成和添加量、制备工艺条件等进行了系统的试验研究。通过采用适宜的生产工艺,成功研制出烧成温度为1310℃的新型结晶釉——釉里红多彩结晶釉,并探讨了各组成及工艺制度对结晶尺寸的影响,确定了最佳的工艺条件,分析了影响结晶效果的诸因素。     

降低结晶釉析晶温度关键技术的研究

实验从釉料配方和烧成工艺两方面入手,对降低结晶釉析晶温度实验做出了深入的研究,成功研制出一种符合现代建筑陶瓷产品要求的新型结晶釉,并且确定了最佳工艺制度。     

生料铁金星釉的研究

金星釉是一种名贵釉料,其特征为在透明玻璃质釉中悬浮着金色板状晶体或金属状粉粒,在光线照射下闪烁异彩.传统金星釉的制备过程中的毒性及使用过程中的铅溶出量较高,且必须使用熔块,制备工艺复杂,在高温下结晶难以控制,因而金星釉显得非常名贵.本文以Fe2O3、硼砂、石英、长石等为主要原料,采用普通釉料制备工艺,研究了低温环保无铅无毒的生料铁金星釉的组成及工艺.通过研究釉料的组成、施釉厚度、烧成温度与保温时问对结晶效果的影响,得出了结晶效果优异的铁金星釉的配方和合理的制备工艺参数.     

Compiled by THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

The effect of the addition of various oxides on the mullitization of kaolinite was studied by chemical, microscopic, and X-ray methods. A comparative study of the chemical and the X-ray methods of mullite determination has shown that the chemical method (use of hydrofluoric acid) can yield only relative values. The use of X rays appears to give absolute results. The oxides of zinc, lithium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and molybdenum were found to be good mullite builders; sodium, potassium, titanium, and stannic oxides were poor; and boric oxide and calcium oxide were fair accelerators.     

明胶基天然高分子/氧化石墨烯复合微胶囊的制备及调湿性能

利用调湿材料的吸放湿性能调节湿度是一种环保节能的被动调湿技术,广泛应用于室内调湿、食品包装、文物保护等领域。采用壳聚糖、液体石蜡、氧化石墨烯(GO)为微胶囊核心材料,利用壳聚糖和GO的静电作用形成类似表面活性剂亲水亲油结构的壳聚糖-GO结合体,在乳化剂和壳聚糖-GO结合体共同作用下乳化获得乳胶束,然后以此乳胶束为模板,采用戊二醛交联法制备了明胶基天然高分子/GO复合微胶囊(M-GO)。考察了GO用量、乳化pH值对乳液胶束粒径和稳定性的影响。在最佳乳化条件下制备了微胶囊,并研究了GO的引入对微胶囊的结构和吸/放湿性能的影响。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、氮气吸附对微胶囊的结构进行表征,通过测试微胶囊吸湿率和放湿率研究其调湿性能。结果表明,当GO用量为3 mL (1 mg/mL)、乳化pH值为5.10时,乳化形成的乳液粒径均匀且乳液的稳定性较好。GO与壳聚糖、明胶相互作用成功制备了微胶囊,未引入GO的微胶囊呈封闭的微球结构,当引入GO后所得的微胶囊M-GO为壳层开孔的中空结构,具有较大的比表面积和孔体积,有利于对水分的吸附。M-GO在不同湿度下的饱和吸湿量、吸湿/放湿率均优于未引入GO微胶囊,说明GO通过改变微胶囊的微结构、增加吸附水分的表面积,从而能够提高调湿性能。     

Structure-performance relationships in alkylene oxide-modified epoxy coatings

Structure-performance relationships in advanced epoxy resins flexibilized with segments of polyalkylene oxide were studied in electrocoat formulations to determine the effects of alkylene oxide type, oxide block length, and total oxide loading on coating properties. Corrosion resistance and flexibility/adhesion improve with the use of short oxide blocks and at the higher end of the oxide loading ranges studied, with propylene oxide being the preferred alkylene oxide. A two-stage procedure for copolymerization provides further enhancement of corrosion resistance. The structure-performance relationships found in this work are expected to apply to the use of similar resins in lower VOC waterborne, higher solids, and/or higher flow powder formulations. Presented at the 23rd International Waterborne, High-Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 15, 1996, New Orleans, LA. Epoxy Products & Intermediates R&D, 2301 Brozosport Blvd., Building B-1811, Freeport, TX 77541-3257. KENNETH W. ANDERSON is a Research Leader in the Epoxy Products and Intermediates business unit of The Dow Chemical Company. His 13 years with Dow have been spent in product research and development for the coatings industry and in new business development for epoxy resins. Dr. Anderson holds a B.S. Degree in Chemistry from Tarleton State University and a Ph.D. in Polymer Science from The University of Southern Mississippi.     

氧化锌晶须表面改性及表征

采用湿法表面化学改性法，用硅烷和钛酸酯偶联剂对氧化锌晶须(ZnOw)进行了表面改性；考察了溶剂、pH值、温度及分散时间对硅烷类偶联剂改性效果的影响，采用活化指数、接触角以及傅立叶变换红外光谱对改性结果作了表征。同时将改性后的ZnOw填充到线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)中，测试了复合材料的机械性能。实验结果表明，硅烷和钛酸酯偶联剂均能用于ZnOw的表面改性，其最佳改性条件不同，获得最佳改性效果的偶联剂用量也不同。经ND-42改性的ZnOw填充到LLDPE中，复合材料的弯曲强度大幅度提高。     

Multi-analytical identification of pigments and pigment mixtures used in 17th century Portuguese azulejos

A multi-analytical approach was used to study the pictorial layers of a set of 17th century historic glazed tiles (azulejos) of Portuguese manufacture. The pictorial layer was studied by μ-EDXRF, μ-Raman, SEM-EDS and OM. Although the established palette comprises few pigments, it was found that the tiles were enhanced by the use of pigment mixtures, which were identified by μ-Raman and μ-EDXRF. As expected, the blue colour derives from cobalt oxide, purple from manganese oxide and emerald-green from copper oxide. Regarding the yellow pigment, μ-Raman results show it is consistent with the composition of a ternary oxide, whereas μ-EDXRF shows a high intensity of Zn in this colour, indicating a composition close to a Pb-Sb-Zn ternary oxide. Some compounds from the original ores were also indentified: in two very dark blue samples, cobalt and nickel olivines (α-Co₂SiO₄, α-Ni₂SiO₄), and in a dark brown sample, braunite (a manganese silicate).     

Effect of palladium and nickel on the temperature programmed reduction of metal oxides and metal oxide layers

A new binary oxide support was suggested as being useful in many commercial reactions. Our study was focused on the reduction effect of metal oxide layer on alumina during reaction. Hence temperature programmed reduction of both bulk metal oxide and metal oxide layer on alumina was studied first and the effect of palladium and nickel on the reduction of the oxide support was also investigated. Vanadium oxide was mainly studied and niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide and zirconium oxide were also compared. Some metal oxides were reduced in a hydrogen stream at elevated temperature. In these cases both the bulk metal oxide and metal oxide layer were reduced. A tiny amount of palladium or nickel affected the reduction by decreasing the reduction temperature. The decrease of the reduction temperature was explained by means of increased adsorption of hydrogen on the transition metal and ability of the metal to spillover of the hydrogen to the oxides.     

复合铁钛粉改性环氧富锌重防腐涂料的研究

通过选用纳米改性复合铁钛防锈颜料对环氧富锌重防腐涂料进行改性,制得了具有优异防腐功能的新型环氧富锌涂料;研究了复合铁钛粉的种类及用量对环氧富锌防腐涂料性能的影响;确定了环氧富锌涂料的最佳PV C值。结果表明,当选用纳米改性复合铁钛防锈颜料,用量为8%,涂料的PV C值为42%时,可较大幅度地改善环氧富锌涂料的密封性、附着力、厚涂性,耐盐雾腐蚀可达1542h。     

环氧树脂电器灌封胶的阻燃化研究

用氧指数测定法研究了几种阻燃剂在环氧树脂电器灌封胶粘剂中的阻燃作用，研究结果表明赤磷、水合氧化铝、三氧化二锑、磷酸三苯酯，二溴代苯基缩水甘油醚、十溴二苯醚、六溴苯及溴代环氧树脂均有较好的阻燃作用。并且赤磷与水合氧化铝、十溴二苯醚与磷酸三苯酯、氯化石蜡-50或十溴二苯醚与三氧化二锑配合使用时还具有明显的阻燃协同效应。     

Partial crystallisation in liquid polymer electrolytes based on co-polymers of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide

Solutions of lithium perchlorate in a low molecular weight ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) co-polymer were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The pure co-polymer was found to crystallise partially, while addition of the salt impaired crystallisation first by slowing crystal growth then by slowing nucleation. At high salt concentrations (～1·0 molal) no crystallisation occurred. The solvation of Li⁺-ions and the introduction of ‘transient crosslinking’ between cations and anions effectively suppresses the separation of the polymer into microregions of EO and PO. The crystallisation phenomena are relevant to the use of these copolymers as ‘model’ polymer electrolyte systems.     

钾钙肥中硅的缓释性研究

针对钾钙肥中有效氧化硅含量高是否影响钾钙肥的缓释性问题进行了研究。以水和2％柠檬酸溶液为浸取液,测定了氧化硅随时间变化的溶出率,模拟植物吸收养分进行实验,测定了氧化硅的累积溶出率,通过实验数据进行了统计回归分析;参照Trenkel提出的缓释标准验证了钾钙肥中硅的缓释性效果。研究不同面积及不同溶剂量对缓释性的影响。结果表明：在模拟植物吸收养分的情况下,钾钙肥中硅的养分溶出速度缓慢,具有较好的缓释性,其累积溶出率完全符合缓释肥所要求的肥料释放率,满足植物生长需要。