关于火花点火发动机预混燃烧若干问题的研究进展

围绕降低火花点火发动机的有害排放和提高其经济性，内燃机工作者对火花点发动机的燃烧进行了大量的基础研究工作。本文对其中若干问题的研究现状与动态进行了综述，以期对火花点火发动机预混燃烧的基础研究有一个最基本的了解。     

中国科学院院士、著名科学家史绍熙先生受聘担任无锡油泵油嘴研究所名誉所长

一九九八年五月十三日,无锡油泵油嘴研究所隆重举行了史绍熙名誉所长的聘任仪式。史绍熙先生现任天津大学教授、中国科学院院士、中国工程热物理学会理事长、中国内燃机学会名誉理事长,是我国著名科学家。今年八十二岁高龄的内燃机专家,多年来在流体力学、燃油雾化与蒸发、混合气形成及燃烧过程、代用燃料的燃烧、燃烧诊断技术及内燃机新产品的开发等方面,进行了大量的研究工作,取得了卓越的成就。他提出的一系列理论受到国际上的重视,他发明的柴油机复合式燃烧过程是我国第一个具有独创性的燃烧过程,这一成果早已编入了大学教     

氢能性能卓越,氢燃料电池将结束内燃机时代

正对氢能的应用主要是通过氢燃料电池来实现的。氢燃料电池的工作方式从本质上不同于内燃机,氢燃料电池通过化学反应产生电能来推动汽车,而内燃机车则是通过燃烧产生热能来推动汽车。由于燃料电池汽车工作过程不涉及燃烧,因此无机械损耗及腐蚀,氢燃料电池所产生的电能可以直接被     

瞬态光谱技术在内燃机燃烧过程研究中的应用

为研究内燃机燃烧过程的物理化学本质，特别是能够对传统内燃机评价参数进行精确地测量，本提出了瞬态光谱技术概念，并拟定一套实现方案将其引进内燃机燃烧过程的研究，对内燃机气缸内的燃烧火焰进行了测量，中介绍了一些关键部分的设计思想。试验测得的火焰光谱较明确地阐明了部分有代表性的内燃机燃烧参数；将分析火焰光谱得到的结果与传统测量方法测量的结果对比，表明这一方法有更高的信噪比，更高的分辨率，同时表明利用瞬     

内燃机燃烧噪声的研究与发展

本文概述了内燃机燃烧噪声的特性及其研究与发展，阐述了燃烧过程参数、结构参数、工况参数以及其它参数影响燃烧噪声的机理，论述了近年来降低燃烧噪声、内燃机燃烧噪声机理和内燃机瞬态工况燃烧噪声的研究状况。通过对燃烧噪声与内燃机工作过程中激发燃烧噪声特征因素关系的描述，为了解燃烧噪声特性和降低燃烧噪声提供全面的技术支撑。     

内燃机燃烧光强波的测量研究

本文叙述采用光电池做为传感器,测定内燃机燃烧室中燃烧光强波的方法与结果。根据测得的光强波,论述了定量分析燃烧过程中诸要素的可行性和它在燃烧过程研究工作中的适用性。     

采用并行计算和简化机理的HCCI发动机多维模拟

HCCI燃烧过程多维数值模拟十分耗时.采用并行计算和简化机理对HCCI燃烧过程多维CFD模拟计算进行了加速对比.研究基于16-CPU计算机集群系统,采用消息传递的并行算法(Message-Passing Interface,MPI)方式计算.结果表明,内燃机HCCI燃烧多维燃烧模拟,采用8个CPU能获得最大收益:纯流动计算加速5倍,耦合化学反应流动计算加速4倍,简化反应机理又可加速9倍.通过优化选择并行计算CPU数量和反应机理,使得HCCI发动机单个循环模拟时间由一个月缩短到一天,大大提高了汽车发动机燃烧模拟计算的效率.而且采用三维CFD耦合化学反应的模拟计算,可以解析HCCI发动机着火燃烧过程,提供详细的流动、燃烧和排放物生成的瞬态信息.     

加拿大麦克马斯特大学对混合动力汽车专用内燃机开展深入研究

<正>作为从内燃机汽车向电动汽车过渡的重要车型,混合动力汽车受到了业界的广泛关注,并且市场占有率越来越高。内燃机作为混合动力汽车的关键部件,对整车性能起着重要作用。采用先进的燃烧技术、清洁的燃料及高效的运行过程,是有效提升混合动力汽车专用内燃机性能的重要途径。据报道,加拿大麦克马斯特大学于近期发布了一份研究报告。在该研究报告中,加拿大麦克马斯特大学将低温燃烧、余热回收、阿特金森循环用于混合动力汽车专用内燃机上,并开展了一系列研究。     

光学技术用于内燃机测量的研究

在对内燃机工作过程的研究中，找出燃烧过程中与碳粒等有害排放产物生成的有关因素是十分重要的。本文阐述了光学技术在研究燃烧过程及火焰温度、碳粒氧化等方面的应用。     

光学技术用于内燃机测量的研究

在对内燃机工作过程的研究中，找出燃烧过程中与碳粒等有害排放产物生成的有关因素是十分重要的。本文阐述了光学技术在研究燃烧过程及火焰温度、碳粒氧化等方面的应用。     

从29thCIMAC大会看船用发动机燃烧技术发展趋势

基于第29届CIMAC大会论文,分析了船用中高速发动机燃烧技术相关领域的发展现状及趋势。指出:围绕节能减排需求,研究主要集中于气体机、双燃料机的燃烧优化以及低碳燃料的工程应用。研究发现:通过燃烧系统优化可实现气体及双燃料发动机的高可靠性,并同时达到减排和高效的设计目标。基础研究方面,智能化技术与燃烧CFD过程耦合,采用机器学习模型可有效提高CFD效率。在产品开发中引入瞬态温度等先进测量手段能准确分析缸内热负荷分布规律,并与燃烧过程建立联系。关注气体和双燃料机燃烧技术的多为日韩企业,而欧美企业则将研究重点转为生物燃料等低碳燃料的基础试验和应用,以及智能化与船用发动机相关技术的结合。     

双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律分析及燃烧特性研究

从热力学和内燃机燃烧的基本理论入手 ,推导了计算分析双燃料发动机缸内工质成分和热力学参数的计算关系式以及求解双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律的微分方程式 ,基于面向对象技术开发了双燃料发动机燃烧放热规律计算软件。研究结果表明 :用传统柴油机分析方法计算双燃料发动机的放热率峰值偏小 ,所计算的缸内工质平均温度偏高 ,新模型计算的结果与实际情况更为吻合。该分析软件可以适用于多种燃料发动机 ,是内燃机燃烧放热规律的通用计算软件。双燃料发动机燃烧特性研究表明 :双燃料发动机初始放热率比纯柴油大 ,若着火始点在上止点后 ,双燃料缸内最大爆发压力比纯柴油低 ,否则比纯柴油高 ;控制双燃料发动机着火始点是控制缸内最大爆发压力和 NOx 排放的关键 ,双燃料发动机着火始点应在上止点后 ,可以使发动机爆发压力和 NOx 排放比纯柴油低。     

Evolution,challenges and path forward for low temperature combustion engines

Universal concerns about degradation in ambient environment, stringent emission legislations, depletion of petroleum reserves, security of fuel supply and global warming have motivated research and development of engines operating on alternative combustion concepts, which also have capability of using renewable as well as conventional fuels. Low temperature combustion (LTC) is an advanced combustion concept for internal combustion (IC) engines, which has attracted global attention in recent years. LTC concept is different from the conventional spark ignition (SI) combustion as well as compression ignition (CI) diffusion combustion concepts. LTC technology offers prominent benefits in terms of simultaneous reduction of both oxides of nitrogen (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM), in addition to reduction in specific fuel consumption (SFC). However, controlling ignition timing and combustion rate are primary challenges to be tackled before LTC technology can be implemented in automotive engines commercially. This review covers fundamental aspects of development of LTC engines and its evolution, historical background and origin of LTC concept, encompassing LTC principle, its advantages, challenges and prospects. Detailed insights into preparation of homogeneous charge by external and internal measures for mineral diesel and gasoline like fuels are covered. Fuel requirements and fuel induction system design aspect for LTC engines are also discussed. Combustion characteristics of LTC engines including combustion chemistry, heat release rate (HRR), combustion duration, knock characteristics, high load limit, fuel conversion efficiencies and combustion instability are summarized. Emission characteristics are reviewed along with insights into PM and NO_x emissions from LTC engines. Finally, different strategies for controlling combustion rate and combustion timings for gasoline and mineral diesel like fuels are discussed, showing the way forward for this technology in future towards its commercialization.     

A review of hydrogen utilization in power generation and transportation sectors: Achievements and future challenges

Decarbonizing the power generation and transportation sectors, responsible for ∼65% of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions globally, constitutes a crucial step to addressing climate change. Accordingly, the energy paradigm is shifting towards carbon-free and low-emission alternative fuels. Even though the current decarbonization using hydrogen is not large since 96% of global hydrogen production is relying on conventional fossil fuels that produce GHGs in the process, hydrogen fuel has been considered a promising fuel for fuel cell and combustion engines. Various renewable approaches utilizing biomass and water have been investigated to produce green hydrogen. With this, recent developments showed viability to achieve deep decarbonization in the power generation and transportation sectors. Hydrogen-powered vehicles are commercially available in many countries, and over 300,000 fuel cell appliances were sold to produce hot water and electricity. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential role of hydrogen in power generation and transportation systems, recent achievements in research development, and technical challenges to successfully applying hydrogen as a primary fuel. Especially this review will focus on the hydrogen application in power generation and transportation sectors using fuel cells, gas turbines, and internal combustion engines (ICEs).     

A review on the technical adaptations for internal combustion engines to operate with gas/hydrogen mixtures

The use of the hydrogen as fuel in the internal combustion engine represents an alternative use to replace the hydrocarbons fuels, which produce during the combustion reaction a pollutes gases. The hydrogen is the most abundant material in the universe and during its combustion with air only produces nitrous oxides (NO_x) gas, which can collect and avoid their emission to the atmosphere. In this paper we can present the most significant advances and developments made on the technical adaptations in the internal combustion engines which operate with mixtures of gas/hydrogen, doing more emphasis in the fuel injection and cooling systems. To understand such technical adaptations, it is necessary to know the chemical and physical characteristics of the hydrogen, and the processes relate with the chemical reaction between air and hydrogen, from a point of view of the thermo-chemistry and the chemical kinetics, as well as the ratios of the mixtures in the combustion process. Also, it mentions the advantages and disadvantages of the integration of hydrogen as a fuel, such as the pre-ignition, spontaneous ignition, knocking and backfire, also the advances in the research to avoid these phenomena during the combustion. Finally, it describes the best conditions of the ratio-mixtures in the internal combustion engines when they are fed with hydrogen. Also, it describes the perspectives and the futures fields on the future investigation.     

Fluent在非常规内燃机设计中的应用

简单介绍典型非常规内燃机的工作原理及独特结构;计算方法的进步和计算机技术的快速发展促进了计算流体力学在内燃机研制中的应用,减少了实验工作量,降低了研究费用,缩短了研发周期,Fluent软件突破了内燃机专用软件中对内燃机结构的限制,提供了用户自定义函数这一用户接口,为非常规内燃机的瞬态数值仿真计算提供了平台。非常规内燃机为提升内燃机热效率提供了发展思路,在非常规内燃机开发中应用Fluent进行数值模拟可加快研发进程。     

基于实时同步数据采集的内燃机燃烧分析系统的研制

介绍了基于实时同步的内燃机数据采集系统的结构、工作原理、功能和特点。本系统采用工业控制计算机和应用软件固化运行方式,提高了系统的抗干扰和抗病毒能力;采用自行设计的硬件电路配以自己开发的软件,形成了新型的DMA技术,使内燃机的多路参数能同时采样,提高了系统的测量精度和分析精度。     

A comprehensive review on synthesis,chemical kinetics,and practical application of ammonia as future fuel for combustion

Recently, ammonia has been explored as a potential fuel for internal combustion engines, gas turbines and other industrial purposes. Ammonia consists of 17.6% by weight of hydrogen and is thus considered a carbon-free emission fuel. The synthesis of ammonia for bulk production takes place using the Haber-Bosch process. The production, storage and transportation of ammonia is relatively safe. This paper reports various aspects of ammonia as an alternative fuel for combustors. Several studies reporting the laminar burning velocity of ammonia and its blends are discussed. Recent advances in the development of chemical kinetics for ammonia combustion are presented. The paper explores all experimental and numerical works on ammonia as a fuel for I C engines, gas turbines and other combustion systems.This review further suggests ways to overcome the disadvantages associated with ammonia combustion, such as lower burning velocities and high NOx emissions.     

Hydrogen energy pilot introduction – Technology competition

Hydrogen energy technologies are considered as the cutting-edge clean energy technologies all over the world. Novel concept of hydrogen energy development in Russia, proposed by Government has hydrogen technologies equipment development, production and introduction into domestic market as one of the tasks. Foreign experience shows that governmental support is very important for successful branch development. Waste hydrogen from chlorine industry utilization can be energy-efficient and attractive niche for fuel cells and hydrogen-fuelled heat engines application. Lifetime and capital costs are important parameters for technology choice decision. Energy cost and hydrogen consumption comparison were carried out for gas microturbines (MGT), fuel cells (FC) and internal combustion engines (ICE) in this paper. Analysis showed polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and gas microturbines to be the most promising technology in this niche while for internal combustion engines lifetime is an issue. Solid oxide fuel cells need significant capital costs decrease for successful market introduction. Solid oxide fuel cells, MGT and ICE have also additional advantage for Russian conditions due to high-potential heat production possibility.