抗氧化活性的测定及与啤酒风味稳定性的关系

麦汁和啤酒中的抗氧化活性称为总抗氧化潜力(TRAP)，由分光光度法用AAPH，(2，2’-azobis dihydrochloride)对过氧化自由基的衰减进行测定。TRAP值全面反映了啤酒中抗氧化多酚的含量，在糖化阶段，可以作为抗氧化的一个重要的检测分析方法。     

多酚物质对啤酒风味稳定性的影响

研究多酚物质对啤酒风味稳定性的影响.结果表明,啤酒的风味稳定性与啤酒的抗氧化性显著相关,啤酒的抗氧化性与多酚含量显著相关;不同的单酚抗氧化能力差异较大;抗氧化性随单酚含量的增加而增加;酒体中的单酚抗氧化性随酒体保存的时间延长而减小;不同来源的多酚抗氧化性不同;不同辅料生产的啤酒抗氧化能力不同.多酚含量和组成影响啤酒的风味稳定性,多酚适量存在可提高啤酒风味稳定性.     

老化的颗粒酒花对啤酒发酵抗氧化能力的影响

分析老化后酒花的主要成分,研究发现在酒花老化过程中α酸和β酸发生氧化降解,前期生成异α酸,随着老化的进行,继而产生葎草灵酮(humulinone)和希鲁酮(hulupones)等衍生氧化物。酒花中的总多酚含量逐渐减少,具有抗氧化性的酚酸也发生氧化聚合,使用液相色谱检测几乎无响应峰。并测定总多酚、DPPH清除率、TRAP值、TBA值等抗氧化指标来分析老化的酒花对麦汁和啤酒的抗氧化能力影响,实验发现老化的酒花对麦汁和啤酒的抗氧化能力影响较大,尤其是风味稳定性系数SI值,波动最为明显。     

不同品牌啤酒风味质量差异性研究

通过考察啤酒的香气组成、TBA值和总多酚 ,对国内外 12个品牌 11°P啤酒的风味组成特点和风味缺陷进行了分析。研究发现 ,不同品牌的啤酒风味组成差别较大 ;许多国内品牌啤酒中乙醛和DMS的含量偏高 ,抗氧化性能较差 ;乙醛含量、TBA值和总多酚含量 3者间存在一定的相关性。     

洗糟水调酸对啤酒质量的影响

本文主要针对糖化麦汁过滤洗糟过程的洗糟水硬度高、pH值高，洗糟过程多酚浸出量高的情况，根据多酚在不同pH条件下溶解性不同的特性，适当降低糖化过程的pH值，实施在线洗糟水调酸工艺，以控制麦汁制备过程麦芽多酚的浸出，实现麦汁和成品酒多酚含量的降低，改善啤酒口感，提升啤酒胶体稳定性。     

啤酒多酚物质对啤酒风味稳定性的影响

多酚是啤酒中重要的风味物质，对啤酒质量（非生物稳定性、风味稳定性以及口味）有着重要的影响。作者分析了啤酒中多酚物质的来源以及对啤酒风味稳定性的影响，并利用高效液相色谱测定了啤酒多酚中的单酚物质，研究发现其中的（＋）-儿茶素、（-）-表儿茶素、阿魏酸和槲皮素等单酚具有较高的抗氧化能力。     

麦芽、酒花多酚对啤酒风味、非生物稳定性的影响

利用12°P 下面发酵啤酒的中试实验,分析经过处理的酒花与麦芽多酚对啤酒质量、风味、非生物稳定性的影响。结果证实在麦汁煮沸过程中麦芽多酚,特别是酒花多酚能够提高新鲜啤酒及储藏啤酒的还原力,降低其羰基化合物含量(TBA 值为代表)。如降低麦芽中多酚含量或采用二氧化碳酒花浸膏生产的啤酒,其 TBA 值会增加。而经过 PVPP 稳定化处理后啤酒倾向于稍低的还原力。麦芽与酒花中的多酚影响新鲜啤酒的“粗糙感”程度,而经过 PVPP 稳定性处理后的啤酒没有观察到明显的影响,强制老化啤酒的老化程度取决于糖化中多酚含量。麦芽多酚与酒花中多酚均对啤酒的风味稳定性有积极影响,PVPP 稳定化处理对啤酒的风味稳定性有积极影响。多酚,特别是酒花多酚能够降低9个月储藏啤酒的风味老化程度,主要表现在前4个月。结果同时也证实了麦芽与酒花中的多酚对啤酒非生物稳定性的负面影响,经过 PVPP 稳定化处理后,在采用不同多酚含量原料所酿造的啤酒之间,以及保质期预测值之间的差异会降低到最低。     

浅论蛋白质和多酚对啤酒非生物稳定性的影响

分析啤酒非生物稳定性时发现,其产生的非生物混浊主要是由蛋白质-多酚聚合体组成的。通过凝胶色谱逐层过滤分析出:混浊中的组成及其来源;啤酒贮藏中混浊变化情况。多酚类中单体酚、多体酚对啤酒非生物稳定性的影响:蛋白质-多酚聚合体的影响因素。     

多酚对啤酒非生物稳定性及有害物质的影响

多酚是一类复杂物质的总称,它是具有潜在促进健康作用、在植物性食物中发现的化合物,啤酒中存在多酚,且多酚对啤酒老化有抑制作用,从啤酒中多酚的来源出发,概述了啤酒的非生物稳定性及多酚类物质对啤酒老化过程中有害物质的控制。     

啤酒稳定剂的发展与进步

啤酒是胶体溶液，其稳定性是相对的、有条件的，随着环境条件的变化，啤酒的稳定性也会随之发生变化。而啤酒的稳定性也有其内在的诱变因素和变化机理，例如由杂菌污染引起的啤酒混浊，即生物稳定性，由老化淀粉、草酸盐、多酚-蛋白质等等引起的非生物稳定性。本文仅叙述由多酚和蛋白质引起的稳定性变化机理及其防治方面的技术进步．     

Comparison of composition and antioxidant capacity of some cereals and pseudocereals

Polyphenols, phenolic acids, fibres and antioxidant capacity were determined in water, acetone and methanol extracts of buckwheat, rice, soybean, quinoa and 3 amaranth cultivars. Their antioxidant activities were comparatively assessed by total radical‐trapping antioxidative potential (TRAP), ferric ion‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric‐reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and nitric oxide (NO^?) assays, which comprised of contributions from polyphenols and phenolic acids (especially from the most abundant ferulic acid). The correlation coefficients between polyphenols and antioxidant activities of cereal and pseudocereal methanol extracts with FRAP, NO^?, CUPRAC and TRAP were 0.99, 0.97, 0.96 and 0.77, respectively. The weakest correlation was with dietary fibres, an average one exhibited with tannins and marked correlation was shown with the phenolics. All the applied methods have shown that pseudocereals have higher antioxidant activity than some cereals (rice and buckwheat) and can be successfully replaced by cereals in case of allergy.     

红毛藻多酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性

为研究红毛藻多酚提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,采用溶剂浸提法提取多酚,选取提取时间、提取温度、乙醇体积分数、料液比为单因素,进一步通过正交试验优化确定最佳提取工艺。以DPPH和ABTS自由基清除率为指标,评价红毛藻多酚的抗氧化活性。结果显示,红毛藻多酚的最佳提取工艺为:浸提温度70 ℃,浸提时间70 min,乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1:10 g/mL,此条件下多酚提取量为（9.67 ± 0.14）mg/g。抗氧化活性评价显示,红毛藻多酚对DPPH和ABTS自由基有一定的清除能力,其IC₅₀值分别为0.313、0.445 mg/mL。研究结果表明正交优化提取红毛藻多酚的工艺简单可行,此方法提取多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性。红毛藻多酚具有开发为天然抗氧化剂的潜力,有较好的应用前景。     

Antioxidant capacity of four polyphenol-rich Amazonian plant extracts: A correlation study using chemical and biological in vitro assays

Many plants used in Amazonian folk medicine present a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the antioxidant activities of four largely used plants, namely Byrsonima crassifolia, Davilla kunthii, Davilla rugosa and Inga edulis, were evaluated, using methanolic extracts of their leaves, fruits and bark and several different in vitro tests, based either on the capacity to scavenge free radicals (ORAC, TRAP) or on the ability to protect biological structures (LDLs, erythrocytes). The total phenolics (TP), flavanoids (TFA) and flavonols (TFO) were also measured. Almost all extracts performed well in all assays of antioxidative capacity, with best activities found in leaves (compared to fruits and bark). Most antioxidative performance indicators (ORAC, TRAP, LDL protection) correlated well with the TP and TFA content of the extracts. Conversely, correlation was lower between TFO and these indicators, reflecting a lower involvement of these compounds in antioxidant processes. Erythrocyte protection against oxidant-triggered haemolysis showed no correlation with any of the phenolic content indicators, suggesting that most of these compounds have a low ability to protect lipid targets in the erythrocyte membrane. On the other hand, protection of erythrocytes against haemolysis correlated positively with LDL protection. The extract of I. edulis leaves contained average amounts of polyphenols but ranked first in the majority of the tests, indicating the occurrence of particularly efficient compounds with very important antioxidant properties, which could be used for medicinal and other applications.     

茶多酚不同分散体系对葵花籽油抗氧化作用的研究

茶多酚对植物油脂具有很好的抗氧化作用,但由于它的脂溶性差而不能直接使用于油脂中。本文就茶多酚的乳化法和溶剂法两种分散体系对葵花籽油的抗氧化性进行了研究。试验结果表明:茶多酚溶剂法分散体系具有更好的抗氧化性,其最佳使用浓度为0.015％。同时,维生素E对茶多酚的抗氧化具有增效作用,对于茶多酚溶剂法分散体系,其最佳使用浓度为0.04％。     

一种天然抗氧化剂复合物抗氧化作用的研究

研究以茶多酚、大豆磷脂、抗坏血酸和大蒜提取物为原料，探讨了四者复配物在不饱和脂肪中的抗氧化作用。结果表明，其抗氧化效果明显优于常用的BHA、BHT、PG及天然混合生育酚、茶多酚，并能在一定程度上使已氧化为过氧化物的多不饱和脂肪酸复原。其作用机理主要是由于具有较强的还原性和清除自由基的能力，并表现出组分间的协同效应。     

一种天然抗氧化剂复合物抗氧化作用的研究

以茶多酚,大豆磷脂,抗坏血酸和大蒜提取物为原料,探讨了四者复配物在不饱和脂肪中的抗氧化作用。结果表明,其抗氧化效果明显优于常用的BHA,BHT,PG及天然混合生育酚,茶多酚,并能在一定程度上使已氧化为过氧化物的多不饱和脂肪酸复原。其作用机理主要是由于其具有较强的还原性和清除自由基的能力,并表现出组分间的协同效应。     

The antioxidant profile of three different peaches cultivars (Prunus persica) and their short-term effect on antioxidant status in human

Total polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C were assessed in three different peaches cultivars (Prunus persica): ‘Luisa Berselli’ (LB), ‘Stark Earlyglo’ (SE) and ‘Maria Serena’ (MS). Total antioxidant capacity of fruits and plasma antioxidant activity after ingestion of fruits were determined as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and as plasma total radical-trapping potential (TRAP) respectively. The amount of polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C resulted to be generally similar in the three cultivars. TEAC, measured from harvest to 7 days postharvest, resulted to be influenced mainly by vitamin C content, whereas polyphenols and carotenoids seemed to play a secondary role. Although TEAC was similar in the three cultivars, only LB significantly increased the TRAP in human plasma at 1, 2 and 4 h after ingestion of peaches. Sugar moiety, condensed and glycoside phenols are suggested to be involved in the higher effect on plasma TRAP of LB.     

不同品种甘薯叶提取物抗氧化及对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的研究

本研究旨在通过比较7个品种甘薯叶提取物的抗氧化活性和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,探讨甘薯叶抗氧化和降血糖的潜力。以甘薯叶为研究对象,测定其总多酚和总黄酮含量,体外实验评价其抗氧化活性(DPPH·清除能力、ABTS+·清除能力、·OH清除能力和还原能力)及对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。结果表明7个品种甘薯叶提取物总多酚和总黄酮含量、抗氧化活性以及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性具有明显差异。甘薯叶总多酚含量介于15.02~33.33 mg GAE/g DW,总黄酮含量介于1.06~3.11 mg RE/g DW。徐薯18、济薯18和龙薯9甘薯叶总多酚和总黄酮含量最高,品种间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。龙薯9自由基(DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH)清除能力最强;济薯18还原能力最强;商薯19抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性最强。总多酚和总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性之间具有极显著的正相关性(P<0.01),而与α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性之间没有显著的相关性(P>0.05)。本研究表明甘薯叶是潜在抗氧化剂和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的优质来源,为甘薯种植和生产品种的选择提供理论依据。     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different propolis samples from north‐western Algeria

The aim of this study was the investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP) collected from north‐western Algeria. Total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of extracts were measured. The UV absorption spectrum showed and confirmed their polyphenols constituents. All EEPs exerted antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria, but no effect on Gram‐negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of EEPs ranged from 0.01% to 2.6% v/v. The antioxidant activity was measured using ferric‐reducing power (FRAP), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical‐scavenging and ESR methods. Propolis TIA‐2 and MOH‐MAS samples showed the highest antioxidative capacity, after 35 min, while TIA‐1, NED‐TL and SFS‐SBA samples showed the highest antioxidative potential of measured EEPs, after 3 min. TIA‐2 sample showed the highest antibacterial, antioxidant activity and highest DPPH free radical‐scavenging activity as well as the highest polyphenols and flavonoids content, compared with other propolis samples.     

Comparison of some biochemical characteristics of different citrus fruits

The goal of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of some citrus fruits. The contents of dietary fibre, total polyphenols, essential phenolics, ascorbic acid and some trace elements of lemons, oranges and grapefruits were determined and compared with their total radical-trapping antioxidative potential (TRAP). There were no significant differences in the contents of total, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre in the studied peeled fruits or their peels. The contents of total, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre in peels were significantly higher than in peeled fruits (P< 0.05 in all cases). The peeled lemons, oranges and grapefruits contain 164±10.3; 154±10.2 and 135±10.1 and their peels 190±10.6; 179±10.5 and 155±10.3 mg/100 g of total polyphenols, respectively. The content of total polyphenols in peeled lemons and their peels was significantly higher than in peeled oranges and grapefruits and their peels, respectively. The content of total polyphenols in the peels was significantly higher than in peeled fruits (P< 0.05 in all cases). The same results were obtained in the investigation of essential phenolics and ascorbic acid. The content of Fe in peeled lemons and their peels was significantly higher than in peeled oranges and grapefruits and their peels, respectively. Also the TRAP was significantly higher in peeled lemons and their peels than in peeled oranges and grapefruits and their peels, respectively. In all three fruits, the TRAP was significantly higher in peels than in peeled fruits (P< 0.05). In conclusion, lemons possess the highest antioxidant potential among the studied citrus fruits and are preferable for dietary prevention of cardiovascular and other diseases. The peels of all citrus fruits are rich in dietary fibres and phenolic compounds and suitable for industrial processing.