熔融挤出接枝法制备HDPE／PA1010增容剂MPE

本文介绍用ＤＣＰＯ作引发剂，通过熔融挤出接枝法制备ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ１０１０共混体系增容剂ＭＰＥ的工艺研究。实验结果表明，通过熔融挤出法可将ＭＡＨ单体接枝于ＨＤＰＥ，接枝率和ＭＩ受挤出温度、螺杆转速、ＤＣＰＯ和ＭＡＨ用量的影响，其最佳工艺条件为：挤出温度范围１８０～２２０℃，螺杆转速２５ｒ／ｍｉｎ，ＤＣＰＯ和ＭＡＨ用量分别为０．３份和１．０～１．３份（树脂用量为１００份）。文中还对ＨＤＰＥ融熔挤出接枝     

尼龙1010／乙丙共聚物共混体系形态与性能研究

在过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）的引发下，用反应挤出的方法制备了乙丙共聚物接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯（ＥＰＭ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ）。用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ单螺杆挤出机制备了不同组成的ＥＰＭ／尼龙１０１０及ＥＰＭ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ／尼龙－１０１０的共混物，用电子显微镜观察了不同共混组成的形态，与ＥＰＭ／尼龙１０１０共混体系相比，ＥＰＭ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ／尼龙１０１０体系中ＥＰＭ在尼龙１０１０中分散相尺寸明显降低，ＥＰＭ－ｇ－ＧＭＡ     

PA－66／（PE／EPDM）－g－MAH共混增韧的研究

本文研究了尼龙－６６（ＰＡ－６６）与聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）共混物的力学性能。结果表明，用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）改善了与基体ＰＡ－６６的相容性。添加弹性体ＥＰＤＭ，使之生成（ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ）－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共聚物，可以大幅度度地提高ＰＡ－６６／（ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ）－ｇ－ＭＡＨ冲击强度，同时熔体粘度随温度的变化趋于平缓，吸水率有所下降。     

PA—66／（PE／EPDM）—g—MAH共混增韧的研究

本文研究了尼龙－６６（ＰＡ－６６）与聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）共混物的力学性能。结果表明，用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯和三元乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）改善了与基体ＰＡ－６６的相容性。添加弹性体ＥＰＤＭ，使之生成（ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ）－ｇ－ＭＡＨ共聚物，可以大幅度地提高ＰＡ－６６／（ＰＥ／ＥＰＤＭ）－ｇ－ＭＡＨ冲击强度，同时熔体粘度随温度的变化趋于平缓，吸水率有所下降。     

中国合成树脂及塑料文摘

每期文摘的题目均按汉语拼音顺序排列，英文按其字母顺序排列在汉字之前，数字开头的排在最前面。　　ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6共混物层状挤出过程的数值分析／李萍（江苏石油化工学院）／中国塑料，1999，13 （5）：44～ 47。对ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6在挤出机中共混并层状挤出的机理进行了数值分析。提出的ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ6／ＨＤＰＥ三层混合模型能处理熔体粘度随剪切速率和温度变化的二元共混物的层流混合，预测熔体的形变。数值计算的结果对合理选择工艺条件、得到合格的层状阻隔制品具有一定的指导意义。ＨＤＰＥ熔体连续挤出自增强的研究（Ⅰ）、机头…     

溶液法马来酸酐接枝EPDM的研究及对尼龙的相容,增韧效应

本文介绍采用溶液法制备马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）接枝乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）以及该接枝物对尼龙（ＰＡ）的相容、增韧效应。研究了引发剂ＢＰＯ和ＭＡＨ用量与接枝率、接枝效率、交量的关系，当ＭＡＨ／ＥＰＤＭ为１０／１００（质量比，下同）时，ＢＰＯ／ＥＰＤＭ的最佳值约为２．２８／１００；固定ＢＰＯ／ＥＰＤＭ为１０／１００时，ＭＡＨ／ＥＰＤＭ的最佳值约为１２．５／１００。由Ｍｏｌａｕ实验表明，ＭＡＨ接枝ＥＰＤＭ／ＰＡ比     

磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体增容PA1010／HIPS体系的结构与性能

用磺化聚苯乙烯离体增容ＰＡ１０１０／ＨＩＰＳ共混体系,通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＭＡ偏光显微镜和冲击试验考究了离体对ＰＡ１０１０／ＨＩＰＳ体系结构与性能的影响,结果表明未中和的磺化聚乙烯具有最明显的增容效果,其加入量不超过ＨＩＰＳ量的２０％时共混物的冲击性能得到了提高。     

PE—MAH的合成及其对PE／NBR的增容作用

聚乙烯（ＰＥ），马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）和过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）在溶液中反应，其产物经多次纯和红外光谱分析证明，ＭＡＨ以化学链连接到ＰＥ分子链上，接枝率达０．５ＭＡＨ／１００Ｅ，即相当平均每个ＰＥ上接枝有１０个ＭＡＨ。用不同接枝率的聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐聚物（ＰＥ－ＭＡＨ）作为极性差别较大的ＰＥ和丁腈橡胶（ＮＢＲ）的相容剂，分别研究其接枝率和用量对共混物的拉伸强度和低温冲击强度的影响，结果发现：ＰＥ－ＭＡ     

HDPE／PA6共混物层状挤出过程的数值分析

以ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６在挤出机中共混并层状挤出的机理进行了数值分析。提出的ＨＤＰＥ／ＰＡ６／ＨＤＰＥ三层混合模型能处理熔体粘度随剪切速率和温度 二元共混物的层流混全,预测熔体的形变。数值计算的结果与选择工艺条件、得到合格的层状阻隔制品具有一定的指导意义。     

离聚体对PA1010／PS共混体系相形态及结晶的影响

采用ＳＥＭ,ＤＳＣ和偏光显微镜等方法研究了磺化聚苯乙烯及其锂盐,锌盐和钠盐（ＰＳ－ＮａＳ）;四种离聚体对ＰＡ１０１０／ＰＳ共混体系相形主结晶性能的影响。结果表明,对于ＰＡ１０１０／ＰＳ（８０／２０）共混体系,四种离聚体的增容效果依次按ＰＳ－ｎａＳ〈ＰＳ－ＺｎＳ〈ＰＳ〈ＺｎＳ〈ＰＳ－ＬｉＳ〈ＰＳ－ＨＳ的顺序递增,表明离聚体的离子交联能力越弱,其增容效果越好。四种离聚体中只有ＰＳ－ＺｎＳ对ＰＡ１０１０     

Effects of processing conditions on the barrier properties of polyethylene (PE)/modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE)/polyamide (PA) blends

Different modified polyamide (MPA) and modified polyethylene (MPE) resins were prepared by reactive extrusion of different contents of a compatibilizer precursor (CP) with either polyamide (PA) or polyethylene (PE). The MPE and MPA resins were then blow‐molded with designed amounts of PA or PE resins to prepare four different sets of MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles with the same CP, PA, and PE compositions. Somewhat surprisingly, the xylene permeation resistance of the MPE bottles is worse than that of the base PE bottle and decreases consistently as MPE contains more CP. In contrast, the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles exhibit much better xylene permeation resistance than that of the base PE bottle, wherein the PE/MPA bottles show significantly better permeation resistance than that of the corresponding MPE/PA bottles prepared at the same blow‐molding conditions. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the xylene permeation rate of each of the MPE/PA and PE/MPA bottles prepared at a fixed extrusion temperature reaches a minimum when prepared with an optimum screw speed near 400 rpm. Similarly, at a fixed screw speed, the highest permeation resistance of each PE/MPA bottle is always obtained when prepared at an optimum extrusion temperature of about 230^oC. However, the xylene permeation resistance of each MPE/PA bottle improves consistently when prepared at the higher extrusion temperatures used in this study. These interesting phenomena were investigated in terms of the morphology, thermal analysis of the PE/MPA and MPE/PA blends, the compatibility between PE (or MPE) and MPA (or PA), and the viscosity ratios of MPA (or PA) to PE (or MPE) during the blow‐molding process. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1997–2008, 2000     

Paint Solvent Permeation Resistance of Polyethylene,Polyethylene/Polyamide and Polyethylene/Modified Polyamide Bottles

The main objective of this study is to investigate the barrier mechanisms and properties of polyethylene, polyethylene (PE)/polyamide (PA) and polyethylene/modified polyamide (MPA) bottles against paint solvent permeation. In addition to the paint mixed solvent, the barrier properties of these bottles against the permeation of pure main solvents contained in the paint mixed solvent were investigated to understand the permeation mechanisms of the paint solvents. The paint solvent permeation resistance improves dramatically after blending PA and MPA barrier resins in PE matrices during blow‐molding. In fact, by using proper compositions, the white spirit permeation rates of PE/MPA and PE/PA bottles at 40°C are about 360 and 50 times slower than that of the PE bottle, respectively. Further investigations showed that, after blending the MPA and PA barrier resins in PE matrices, the hydrocarbon solvents present in the white spirit were nearly blocked without permeation during the permeation tests, i. e., PE/MPA bottles inhibited the permeation of hydrocarbon solvents more successfully than PE/PA bottles. In contrast, the rates of polar solvents with ketone, ether and alcohol functional groups permeating through the PE bottles are much slower than that of the white spirit and only slightly faster than those through the PE/PA and PE/MPA bottles. On the other hand, the paint mixed solvent permeation rates of PE bottles are approximately equal to the summation of permeation rates of the solvents present in mixed solvents calculated using a simple mixing rule. Somewhat surprising, the permeation rates of mixed solvents of PE/MPA bottles are dramatically faster than those calculated using a simple mixing rule, when the polar solvent contents are in a certain range.     

Gasoline permeation resistance of the as‐blow‐molded and annealed polyethylene,polyethylene/polyamide,and polyethylene/modified polyamide bottles

An investigation of the gasoline permeation resistance of the as‐blow‐molded and annealed polyethylene, polyethylene (PE)/polyamide (PA), and polyethylene/modified polyamide (MPA) bottles is reported. The gasoline permeation resistance improves dramatically after blending PA and MPA barrier resins in PE matrices during blow‐molding, and the order of barrier improvement corresponds to the order of barrier improvement of the barrier resins added in PE. Somewhat unexpectedly, the gasoline permeation rates of the annealed PE and/or PE/PA bottles annealed at 90°C or higher temperatures increase significantly with the annealing temperature and time. On the contrary, the gasoline permeation resistance of the annealed PE/MPA bottles increase significantly as the annealing temperature and/or time increase. For instance, the gasoline permeation rate of the PE/MPA bottle annealed at 120°C for 32 h is about 190 times slower than that of the as‐blow‐molded PE bottle. Further investigations found that, after blending the MPA and PA barrier resins in PE matrices, the relatively nonpolar hydrocarbon components present in the gasoline fuels were significantly blocked, without permeation during the permeation tests, in which the as‐blow‐molded PE/MPA bottle inhibited the permeation of hydrocarbon components more successfully than did the as‐blow‐molded PE/PA bottle. In contrast, the amounts of polar components that permeated through the as‐blow‐molded PE/PA and PE/MPA bottles were very small and about the same as the amount that permeated through the as‐blow‐molded PE bottle. Possible mechanisms accounting for these interesting behaviors are proposed in this study. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2827–2837, 2001     

Gasoline permeation behavior and mechanical properties of polyamide 6/nanoclay,polyamide 6/PE‐g‐maleic anhydride blend,and polyamide 6/PE‐g‐maleic anhydride/clay nanocomposite

In this article, polyamide 6 (PA6)/clay nanocomposites, PA6/polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PE‐g‐MA) blends, and PA6/PE‐g‐MA/clay nanocomposites were prepared and their gasoline permeation behavior and some mechanical properties were investigated. In PA6/clay nanocomposites, cloisite 30B was used as nanoparticles, with weight percentages of 1, 3, and 5. The blends of PA6/PE‐g‐MA were prepared with PE‐g‐MA weight percents of 10, 20, and 30. All samples were prepared via melt mixing technique using a twin screw extruder. The results showed that the lowest gasoline permeation occurred when using 3 wt % of nanoclay in PA6/clay nanocomposites, and 10 wt % of PE‐g‐MA in PA6/PE‐g‐MA blends. Therefore, a sample of PA6/PE‐g‐MA/clay nanocomposite containing 3 wt % of nanoclay and 10 wt % of PE‐g‐MA was prepared and its gasoline permeation behavior was investigated. The results showed that the permeation amount of PA6/PE‐g‐MA/nanoclay was 0.41 g m^?2 day^?1, while this value was 0.46 g m^?2 day^?1 for both of PA6/3wt % clay nanocomposite and PA6/10 wt % PE‐g‐MA blend. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40150.     

Permeation mechanisms of xylene in blow-molded bottles of pure polyethylene,polyethylene/polyamide and polyethylene/ modified polyamide blends

The hydrocarbon permeation mechanisms of polyethylene/ modified polyamide (PE/ MPA). PE/PA blends and pure PE, were investigated over a range of testing temperatures. In addition to the permeation resistance to xylene, the weight of xylene absorbed per gram of dry polymers (Sx) and the diffusion coefficient (D) of xylene in these bottles were determined. At each fixed testing temperature, the steady permeation rates (Ps) and D of xylene in PE/MPA bottles is significantly lower than those of pure PE bottles, and that of PE/PA bottles is slightly lower. This significantly improved permeation resistance of PE/MPA to xylene at each testing temperature is mainly attributed to the significantly reduced diffusion coefficient of xylene in PE/ MPA bottles, but not due to the slight change in the amount of xylene absorbed in these three bottles. The temperature dependence of steady permeation rates and diffusion coefficient of xylene in each bottle is very similar, and, in fact, some clear transition points were found on the plots of Ps and D versus testing temperatures for PE. PE/PA and PE/MPA bottles. These interesting behaviors along with the temperature dependence of Sx in each bottle were discussed and correlated with the free volume, molecular relaxation motions of these polymers and the vapor pressure of xylene at varying testing temperatures.     

火焰喷涂PA1010/nano-ZrO2复合涂层的非等温结晶动力学

利用火焰喷涂法制备了聚酰胺1010 (PA1010)/纳米氧化锆（nano-ZrO₂）复合涂层。采用示差扫描量热法（DSC）研究其非等温结晶行为,对所得的数据分别用Jeziorny法、Ozawa法和Mo法进行处理。结果表明,用Jeziorny法和Mo法处理非等温结晶过程比较理想,而Ozawa法不适用。用Jeziorny法求出的参数Z_c(结晶速率常数）和n（Avrami指数)均随降温速率的增加而增加;nano-ZrO₂的加入使复合涂层的Z_c和n略大于纯PA1010涂层;并使复合涂层结晶半衰期降低、结晶速率及结晶度增大。表明nano-ZrO₂具有明显的成核剂作用,加快PA1010的结晶速率,提高涂层的结晶度。     

Morphology,thermal behavior,and mechanical properties of PA1010/PP and PA 1010/PP-g-GMA blends

The modification of polypropylene (PP) was accomplished by melt grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on its molecular chains. The resulting PP-g-GMA was used to prepare binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PP-g-GMA. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Comparing the PA1010/PP-g-GMA and PA1010/PP binary blends, the size of the domains of PP-g-GMA were much smaller than that of PP at the same compositions. It was found that mechanical properties of PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/PP blends, and the mechanical properties were significantly influenced by wetting conditions for uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. A different dependence of the flexural modulus on water was found for PA1010/PP and PA1010/PP-g-GMA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends. Thermal and rheological analyses were performed to confirm the possible chemical reactions taking place during the blending process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1489–1498, 1997     

MORPHOLOGY,CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIORS,AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PA1010/HIPS AND PA1010/HIPS-g-MA BLENDS

The binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) with the high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)/maleic anhydride (MA) graft copolymer (HIPS-g-MA) and with HIPS were prepared using a wide composition range. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Compared with the PA1010/HIPS binary blends, the domain sizes of dispersed-phase particles in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were much smaller than that in PA1010/HIPS blends at the same compositions. It was found that the tensile properties of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/HIPS blends. Wide-angle x-ray diffraction analyses were performed to confirm that the number of hydrogen bonds in the PA1010 phase decreased in the blends of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends.     

Non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of polyamide 1010/montmorillonite nanocomposite

The non‐isothermal crystallization kinetics of pure polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PA1010/montmorillonite nanocomposite (PA1010/MMT) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a new method developed by Mo can describe the non‐isothermal crystallization process of PA1010 and PA1010/MMT nanocomposite very well. The difference in the value of exponent n between PA1010 and PA1010/MMT nanocomposite suggests that the nano‐size montmorillonite layers act as nucleation agents of PA1010. The values of half‐time of crystallization and crystallization rate coefficient (CRC) show that the crystallization rate of PA1010/MMT nanocomposite is faster than that of PA1010 at a given cooling rate. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:861–867, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.