三维网络陶瓷/铁基复合材料浸渗成形的研究进展

三维网络陶瓷/金属基复合材料是近年来出现的一种具有全新增强方式的复合材料。其中,铁基复合材料因具有耐磨、耐高温等优异性能而引发了广泛的关注。本文介绍了铁基复合材料中三维网络陶瓷预制体的制备方法,概述了浸渗成形三维网络陶瓷/铁基复合材料的界面控制手段、润湿性改善措施以及浸渗行为,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

三维网络陶瓷增强铝基复合材料的干摩擦磨损性能

设计和制备了一种新型的三维网络陶瓷(骨架)增强铝合金复合材料.研究了铝合金及不同成分复合材料在不同温度及载荷下的摩擦系数和磨损率;用扫描电镜(SEM)观察其磨损表面,并分析了三维网络陶瓷(骨架)对铝合金磨损机制的影响.结果表明:复合材料的耐磨性远优于铝合金,而且随着三维网络陶瓷体积分数、温度及载荷的增加,复合材料的抗磨损性能明显提高;这种新型复合材料的摩擦系数随载荷变化保持稳定;在很宽的温度范围内,摩擦系数的稳定性均优于铝合金.这是由于三维网络陶瓷在磨损表面形成硬的微凸体起承载作用,其独特的结构制约了基体合金的塑性变形和高温软化,有利于磨损表面氧化膜的留存.     

三维连续网络陶瓷/金属复合材料的制备及应用前景

综述了三维连续网络陶瓷/金属复合材料及陶瓷预制体的主要制备工艺,分析了各种工艺的原理及特点.介绍了三维连续网络复合材料在力学性能、热学性能、摩擦磨损性能、减振性能等方面的研究成果,最后对三维连续网络陶瓷/金属复合材料的应用前景及发展趋势做了简要介绍.     

多孔SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的制备

采用纸质材料制成三维管状模型,经过纸质模型碳化、反应性渗硅处理获得多孔SiC陶瓷预制体,选择铸造性能好、成形缺陷小的铸铁作为金属基体,采用铸渗法制备了SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料,通过XRD,SEM等分析手段研究了多孔SiC陶瓷和复合材料的显微组织和界面结构.研究表明,纸质模型800C温度碳化,反应性渗硅温度1600℃时制备的多孔SiC陶瓷预制体三维结构稳定,烧结后变形小,微观组织结合紧密;通过铸渗法制备的SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料界面结合良好,无明显缺陷.该方法中增强相结构可设计性好,铸渗法制备多孔陶瓷金属基复合材料质量高,为多孔陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的获得提供了试验新方法.     

PIP法制备陶瓷基复合材料构件的弯曲性能研究

采用先驱体转化工艺(PIP)制备三维炭纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(3D-Cf/SiC)构件。通过三点弯曲强度方法分析构件材料的弯曲性能及破坏规律。研究表明:采用三维炭纤维编织的陶瓷基复合材料构件,其复合材料基体的主要成分为β-SiC,材料具有较高的弯曲性能,可达511MPa,构件材料与采用同种PIP工艺制备的3D-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料相比较,强度降低26.4%,这可能是由制备的构件其致密度较低以及后续加工等因素所致。3D-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在弯曲断裂过程,材料纤维与纤维束被大量拔出,表现出类似金属的较好假塑性断裂特征。     

多孔SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的制备

采用纸质材料制成三维管状模型，经过纸质模型碳化、反应性渗硅处理获得多孔SiC陶瓷预制体，选择铸造性能好、成形缺陷小的铸铁作为金属基体，采用铸渗法制备了SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料，通过XRD，SEM等分析手段研究了多孔SiC陶瓷和复合材料的显微组织和界面结构。研究表明，纸质模型800℃温度碳化，反应性渗硅温度1600℃时制备的多孔SiC陶瓷预制体三维结构稳定，烧结后变形小，微观组织结合紧密；通过铸渗法制备的SiC陶瓷增强金属基复合材料界面结合良好，无明显缺陷。该方法中增强相结构可设计性好，铸渗法制备多孔陶瓷金属基复合材料质量高，为多孔陶瓷增强金属基复合材料的获得提供了试验新方法。     

SiC陶瓷/灰铸铁复合材料的组织与性能

采用泡沫塑料先驱体挂浆成型法和高温烧结法制备三维网络结构SiC陶瓷预制体,通过常压铸渗成型工艺制备了三维连续网络结构SiC陶瓷/灰铸铁复合材料,结果表明:SiC质泡沫陶瓷骨架表面经铜化合物法金属化处理后,可有效改善金属对陶瓷相的润湿与铸渗能力,使得铸态复合材料的抗拉强度提高约17%;复合材料的体积密度为6.26g/cm3,比灰铸铁降低了11%;复合材料经热处理后,其硬度为热处理前的1.62~2.91倍,抗压强度为热处理前的1.56~2.04倍。     

偶联剂对Al_2O_3/树脂/金属丝网层状复合材料抗冲击性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对氧化铝基体与金属丝网进行硅烷化处理,以环氧树脂为粘结剂制备了Al2O3/树脂/金属丝网层状复合材料,研究了偶联剂对层状复合材料层间粘结强度以及抗冲击性能的影响。实验结果表明:偶联剂的引入增强了树脂与氧化铝基体和金属丝网的界面结合,提高了层状复合材料的层间粘结强度;落锤冲击性能测试表明,通过硅烷化处理增强环氧树脂的粘结强度可以较大幅度提高陶瓷/树脂/金属丝网的抗冲击性能。     

金属基复合材料及其合金凝固过程的研究现状

介绍了网络陶瓷/金属复合材料的制备方法,主要包括原位反应法和多孔陶瓷预制体浸渗法,其中多孔陶瓷预制体浸渗法又包括了挤压浸渗法、真空压力浸渗法和无压浸渗法。以泡沫陶瓷为增强相制备金属基复合材料制备方法为例,介绍其三维连续网格制备的不同方法,并结合液态合金在多孔陶瓷内的凝固过程分析方法,分析了目前国内学者在相关领域的研究现状,提出了从凝固学科的角度去研究复合材料成型过程中的流动和传递过程是进一步研究复合材料及其性能提高的有效途径。     

日本熔融生长制备陶瓷复合材料的研究进展

介绍了一种新型的超高温材料——熔融生长复合材料（MGC），综述了MGC材料在日本的研究进展。MGC材料采用熔体凝固法生产，其组织为两种不同陶瓷的单晶共晶连成互穿网络式的三维复杂结构，具有熔点高、抗氧化、高温强度和蠕变性能优异、可近净形生产等优良性能，极有希埋应用于燃气轮机等高温结构中。此外，这种三维的瓦穿网络结构亦可为其他材料乃至金属材料所借鉴。     

Dry sliding wear behavior of metal matrix composites: A statistical approach

The dry sliding wear behavior of SiCp and SiCp-graphite-reinforced aluminum alloy composites produced by liquid metallurgy is studied by means of a pin-on-disc type of wear-test rig. This study evaluates the influence of independent parameters such as sliding speed (S), applied load (L), and sliding distance (D) on dry sliding wear behavior of composites. A Taguchi design for the experiments is used to collect the data in a controlled way, and a linear regression model is developed. This article tries to model dry sliding wear with wear parameters using a statistical approach. The results obtained in this work enable the influence and significance of various parameters and their interactions to be better understood. It was found that SiCp-Gr (graphite)-reinforced composites exhibit less volume loss when compared with SiCp-reinforced composites. Sliding speed is the most significant factor affecting wear behavior followed by L and D. The effect of interactions between the S and the L is more pronounced in SiCp-Gr composites.     

三维连续镍网增强ZL109复合材料磨损机理研究

采用真空吸铸制备了三维连续镍网增强ZL109复合材料,利用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机对复合材料在干摩擦条件下的磨损行为及磨损机理进行了研究.结果表明,三维连续镍网与基体界面处生成了新相Al3Ni2；复合材料的耐磨性始终优于基体合金,且随着网络孔径的减小,复合材料的的耐磨性增强.在磨损过程中,ZL109为典型的粘着磨损,复合材料为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损同时起作用.     

网状陶瓷复合材料的滑动磨损行为

研究了三维连续网状多孔陶瓷复合材料在干摩擦条件下的滑动磨损行为。结果表明：复合材料的耐磨性优于基体合金;复合材料对磨环的磨损量大于基体合金对磨环的磨损量,但复合材料摩擦副的总磨损量比基体合金摩擦副的小。     

AZ91D熔体中原位合成TiC颗粒及冲刷腐蚀性能

利用原位合成反应法,在不同温度(740、760和780℃)下对AZ91D镁合金熔体保温40min,制备了TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料。借助光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料的组织形貌和物相进行观察和分析,并对制备的复合材料在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂条件下进行冲刷腐蚀磨损试验。结果表明,在740℃保温40min制备的复合材料主要由α-Mg、β-Mg17Al12和Al3Ti组成。保温温度分别为760℃和780℃时,AZ91D镁合金中均出现了原位合成的TiC颗粒,并且随温度升高,TiC的数量增加。此外,TiC/AZ91D镁基复合材料在3.5%的NaCl溶液+石英砂中的冲刷腐蚀磨损性能随保温温度的升高而增加。经780℃保温40min后的复合材料呈出最好的耐冲刷腐蚀磨损性能,相比于AZ91D镁合金提高了60.5%。     

Ni—Al三维网络（骨架）增强Al合金复合材料的磨损行为

提出了三维网络（骨架）增强金属基复合材料的新构思，设计和制备了一种新型的Ｎｉ－Ａｌ金属间化合物三维网络（骨架）增强Ａｌ合金复合材料，研究了其在干滑动摩擦条件下的磨损行为。结果表明，复合材料的抗磨损性能明显 地基体铝合金。共磨损行为主要为粘着磨损。     

Prediction of wear properties in A356 matrix composite reinforced with B4C particulates

In the present study, wear properties of A356 unreinforced alloy and composites with different vol.% of boron carbide particles were investigated. It is noted that composites exhibit better wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloy. According to the differences in wear rates of the composites, two separate wear rate were identified as low and high wear rate regimes. A combination of artificial neural network (ANN) and finite element technique (FEM) was implemented in order to predict the composites wear behavior. The FEM method is used for discretization and to calculate the transient temperature field of quenching. It is observed that predictions of ANN are consistent with experimental measurements for A356 composite and considerable savings in terms of cost and time could be obtained by using neural network model.     

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Fly Ash Cenosphere/AZ91D Mg Alloy Composites

Fly ash cenosphere/AZ91D Mg alloy (FAC/AZ91D) composites were prepared using stir casting method. The effects of the applied load, the wearing time, and the diameter and the content of fly ash cenosphere on the wear behavior of the composites were investigated under dry sliding condition. The results showed the wear resistance of FAC/AZ91D composites is generally better than that of AZ91D Mg alloy. The mass fraction and diameter of FAC have important effects on the wear resistance of the composites, and the wear resistance of the composites is excellent when the mass fraction and diameter of FAC are moderate. When the mass fraction and diameter of FAC are more than the critical values, the wear resistance of the composites lowers again. The wear resistance of the composites decreases with the increase in the applied load. The relationship between the worn mass loss and the applied load is nonlinear. When the applied load is smaller, the worn mass loss of the composites increases rapidly with the increase of the applied load. These research results show that the composites have broad application prospects under dry sliding wear condition, and they can provide guidance for the selection of the raw materials, the structure design, and the application conditions of the composites.     

三维网络陶瓷（骨架）增强Al合金复合材料的磨损行为

提出了三维网络陶瓷（骨架）增强金属基复合材料的新构思,设计和制备了一种新型的三维网络陶瓷（骨架）增强铝合金复合材料,研究了其在干滑动摩擦条件下的磨损行为,结果表明,复合材料的耐磨性优于基体铝合金,磨粒磨损和粘着磨损同时起作用。     

SiC contents and pin temperature effect on tribological properties of Al25Zn/SiC composites

In this investigations, an effect of silicon carbide addition on dry sliding wear behavior of Al25Zn/SiC composites was studied at different temperature, load and sliding speed for a sliding distance of 1400 m using a pin on disc tribometer with EN24 shaft steel disc as per Taguchi L₁₆ orthogonal array. Under equal test situation, highest wear resistance, hardness, tensile strength and lowest coefficient of friction were observed for the composite with 15 wt% of SiC. The pin temperature is identified as the most influencing factor for the wear and friction characteristics of the composites. Regression model and Artificial Neural network model developed were found capable of predicting wear behavior of the composite. The mechanism of wear observed is adhesion, abrasion and delamination.     

双连续复合材料SiC/Fe-40Cr与SiC/Al2618合金干摩擦磨损行为的实验研究与数值分析(英文)

利用环环式摩擦磨损试验机研究双连续复合材料SiC/Fe40Cr与SiC/2618Al合金在滑动速度30~105m/s,载荷1.0~2.5MPa条件下的干摩擦磨损性能。实验结果表明,在较高的载荷和滑动速度下,SiCn/2618Al复合材料的磨损机制是两体磨料磨损和氧化磨损。作为增强相的连续网络结构的SiC陶瓷可避免通常发生在传统的粒子增强复合材料上的第三体磨损现象。机械混合层(MML)极大地控制了复合材料的磨损速率和摩擦系数。在进行较高的滑动速度测试时,由于机械混合层的间歇的生形和消除,复合材料表现出较高的摩擦系数和波动。为了便于有限元模型(FEM)计算,用一个连续结构单元来代表三维碳化硅结构增强铝基复合材料的微观结构。利用有限元模型(FEM)预测的复合材料磨损和应力应变数据与实验数据一致