电池级稀土氧化物制备工艺的研究

南方中钇富铕混合稀土先后经Ｎｄ／Ｓｍ分组、Ｌａ／ＣｅＰｒ／Ｎｄ分离,分别得到镧铈镨钕、镧、铈镨富集物、钕;北方富铈氯化然土原料经Ｃｅ／Ｐｒ分组得到镧富休物;除去稀土中非稀土杂质,经沉淀、灼烧后制备多种优质稀土氧化物,混样调配,为火法电解生产电池级稀土金属提供原料。     

Adjacent stage impurity ratio in rare earth countercurrent extraction process

Impurity components decrease stage by stage in a cascade of rare earth (RE) extraction separation, and adjacent stage impurity ratio (ASIR) which is defined as the ratio of an impurity’s contents in the aqueous/organic phase of two adjacent stages can be used to evaluate the capacity of impurity removal for the two stages. On the basis of extraction equilibrium and mass balance, the ASIR in a two-component extraction separation was deducted and its simplified expressions were given for different process sections according to reasonable assumptions. The calculation simulation was then carried out to obtain the ASIR distribution in the cascade. The results showed that in both the extraction and scrubbing sections the ASIR principally increased with the decrease of the molar proportion of the impurity but along with a flat appearing in the purification zone located in the middle of the cascade. The ASIR intuitively exhibits the running status of RE extraction separation and purification, which could provide a theoretic guide for investigating the influence factors of RE extraction separation process in practical industry.     

从钕铁硼废料中提取稀土工艺研究

采用氧化焙烧-盐酸分解法,研究从钕铁硼废料中提取稀土的工艺条件,探讨了焙烧温度和时间对铁的氧化率的影响,在浸出过程中考察了盐酸浓度、反应时间、反应温度以及液固比对稀土浸出率的影响,并分析了pH值和陈化时间对浸出液除杂效果的影响.结果表明:在700℃焙烧1.5 h,铁的氧化率最高,铁基本完全氧化成三价铁,在最佳浸出条件下稀土浸出率高达到99.33%,浸出液中和除杂时,调节pH值为3.5,陈化时间大于2 h,料液中非稀土杂质含量低,特别是铁仅为0.0014 g/L,浸出液完全达到稀土萃取的要求.      

Research and Development of Rare Earth Advanced Materials in China

ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲａｒｅＥａｒｔｈＡｄｖａｎｃｅｄＭａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａＷａｎｇＤｉａｎｚｕｏ（王淀佐），ＷａｎＱｕｎ（万群），ＹａｎｇＹｕｃｈｕｎ（杨遇春）（ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ...     

Progress in green and efficient enrichment of rare earth from leaching liquor of ion adsorption type rare earth ores

Ion adsorption type rare earth ores (IATREOs) are a valuable strategic mineral resource in China, which feature a complete composition of fifteen rare earth elements and are rich in medium and heavy rare earth (RE) elements. In the leaching process for recovering rare earth elements from IATREOs, many impurities will be leached together with rare earth elements and enter the leaching liquor. An impurity removal-precipitation enrichment technique is currently applied to selectively recovery rare earth elements from the leaching liquor with the high content of impurities and low concentration of rare earth elements by using ammonium bicarbonate in the industry. However, a high loss of rare earth elements and severe ammonia nitrogen pollution are caused by this process. Therefore, more beneficial impurities removal technologies, mainly for aluminum, and green enrichment technologies with lower pollution are now urgently needed. For this purpose, this paper analyzed two aspects of research progress in recent decades: the green separation of rare earth elements and aluminum from leaching liquor and the green and efficient enrichment of rare earth elements. Finally, an approach for the high-efficiency and green enrichment of rare earth elements from leaching liquor of the IATREOs is proposed in several aspects, including impurity inhibition leaching, neutralization and impurity removal, alkaline calcium and magnesium salt precipitation enrichment, and centrifugal extraction enrichment.     

稀土在钢中的作用及加入方法

阐述了稀土金属作为变性剂在钢中的作用，其生成物及稀土金属的最佳加入量问题。总结了目前钢铁冶金工业生产中采用的加入稀土金属的几种方法，提出了当前钢中加入稀土研究的主要课题。     

碳酸氢铵沉淀钇基重稀土时共存铁、铝杂质离子的行为研究

本文对钇基重稀土碳酸盐沉淀过程中杂质铁、铝离子的共沉淀行为以及对碳酸稀土的结晶性能和结晶效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明 :用碳酸氢铵沉淀稀土时 ,杂质铝可沉淀完全 ,但在上清液中仍存在微量铁。同时在碳酸稀土的陈化结晶过程中有少量铁溶出 ;常温下钇基重稀土碳酸盐在低配比区域的结晶活性差 ,而在高配比区域结晶速度较快。杂质的存在会显著影响碳酸稀土的结晶 ,使结晶速度明显减小 ,结晶过程的值下降不明显 ,结晶产品的沉降性能变差     

PVC塑料稀土复合热稳定剂的研制

本文制备了柠檬酸稀土、月桂酸稀土、硬脂酸稀土和苹果酸稀土,对各稀土产品进行了热稳定性研究,发现苹果酸稀土的热稳定性最好,其长期热稳定性与有机锡相当。并用苹果酸稀土与硬脂酸锌进行复配,发现具有很好的协同效应。     

Existing State and Partitioning of Rare Earth on Weathered Ores

The existing state and partitioning of rare earth （RE） on weathered ores in Longnan County（LN）, Xingfeng County（XF） and Ninghua County（NH） were characterized systematically by standard geological analytical methods. It is found that RE in the weathered rare earth ores exist as four phases： （a） water soluble, （b） ion-exchangeable, （c） colloidal sediment （oxides）, （d） minerals, in which mainly as ion exchangeable phase, accounting for nearly 80% of total RE, with about 20% in the form of colloid sediment phase and mineral phase, but very little as aqueous soluble phase. These rare earth partitioning were mainly chosen mid-heavy RE elements, occupying above 60%, but not equal in the four phases. The mid-heavy RE elements were primarily enriched in the ion exchangeable phase up to 40%, while the containment of cerium dioxide is below 2 %. The cerium deficiency occurs in the ion exchangeable phase in weathered ore. It results from that the Ce^3＋ is oxidized into Ce^4＋ and changes into CeO2. For LN ore, the containment of Y is high in weathered ore because Y-minerals are abundant in original rock.     

稀土对碳素钢在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境下耐蚀性的影响

 利用浸泡、电化学方法研究了Ce/La混和稀土对碳素钢在腐蚀介质中的缓蚀作用,采用相分析、周浸、锈层分析等方法研究了稀土对碳素钢耐工业性大气腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在模拟工业性大气腐蚀环境的酸性NaHSO3溶液中,稀土丝分解后生成的稀土离子是一种混合型缓蚀剂;在对碳素钢的缓蚀过程中,Ce/La离子沉积于同一区域;随钢中稀土含量增加,钢中相界固溶稀土和稀土/铁金属间化合物总量增加,钢的耐蚀性得到大幅度提高。另外,还对稀土减缓钢铁腐蚀过程进行了讨论,提出了稀土对碳素钢的缓蚀机理。     

Si、Fe对电工圆铝杆导电性能的影响

试验研究了Si、Fe等杂质元素对电工圆铝杆电阻率的影响,分析了对杂质元素进行RE合金化处理降低杂质元素危害的有效性,提出了杂质元素的控制范围。     

Mechanism of removing ferrum impurity in lanthanum refined byelectron beam melting

Removal feasibility of Fe impurity form La metal by electron beam melting(EBM) was analyzed,the removal mechanism was discussed,and the verification experiments were carried out in this study.The research results indicate that,the evaporation coefficient of Fe in La metal is 35-175 at 1800-3000 K,and Fe impurity can be removed by EBM;the removal efficiency of Fe impurity is improved with the increasing EBM power,the Fe concentration is significantly decreased from 1482 to 0.1 μg/g under 50 kW and 2400 s;the reaction of Fe removal by EBM follows the first-order rate law,and Fe impurity is removed by evaporation as a single atom;transport from the La melt to the liquid boundary layer of the Fe atom is rate-controlling step in the EBM when the EBM power is 30-50 kW.     

Influence of Rare Earth on Carbide in Weld Metal

Inhardsteelwelds ,thehighcarboncontentisnecessaryandlotsofcarbidesareexpectedtoforminordertoincreasethehardnessandwearresistanceofmaterial.Buttheweldshave poorstrengthandtoughnessowingtotheformationofhighcarbonmartensiteandnetworkcarbides .Ifthecarbidesareturnedinto granularformanddistributedevenly ,thetoughnessofweldmetalcouldbemarkedlyin creased .Forthispurpose ,thehighcarbonNb Ti V Zr REalloysystemwasdesigned .Niobium ,titani um ,vanadiumandzirconiumcouldcombinewithcarbontoformlotsofcarb…     

二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸稀土配合物的合成及促进橡胶硫化性能研究

于空气中一步合成出二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸稀土 (镧、钕、铕和混合稀土 )共四种配合物 ,产率达 90 %以上 ,本文首次报道了该系列稀土配合物促进橡胶硫化性能和应用于胶鞋大底生产的配方试验 ,结果表明 ,除混合稀土配合物外 ,镧、钕、铕配合物均具有对橡胶硫化促进作用。选择镧配合物在胶鞋大底生产上试用 ,生产的胶鞋物理机械性能均达国家一级品标准。     

Synthesis mechanism of Sm₂Fe₁₇ alloy produced in reduction-diffusion process

Sm2Fe17 alloy was the precursor of Sm2Fe17Nx magnetic materials.Reduction-diffusion(R/D) method was a new preparation process for the Sm2Fe17 alloy,and had been widely employed as a new preparation method for rare earth-transition metal intermetallic compounds.In this text,thermodynamics and kinetics for the synthesis of the Sm2Fe17 alloy by reduction-diffusion(R/D) method in the Ca-Sm2O3-Fe system were analyzed.The related synthesis mechanism of this reaction was investigated in detail by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the thickness of the Sm2Fe17 alloy layer versus the reaction time could be fit by the parabola law,and its growth model was determined to be:(L0-L)2=43.848 t,the diffusion of Sm into Fe proceeded with the formation of the Sm2Fe17 phase from the very beginning of the reaction,and rich samarium phases,such as SmFe2 and SmFe3,were not formed,and the rate-determining step of the R/D reaction was found to be the peritectic reaction between liquid samarium and solid iron.     

离子型稀土矿抑杂浸出中抑铝剂的研究

研究了在抑杂浸出过程中添加抑铝剂对稀土浸出的影响，筛选出了适宜的抑铝剂．所筛选出的抑铝剂能适应于我国南方不同类型离子型稀土矿，抑铝剂的添加几乎不影响稀土的浸出率．通过抑杂浸出得到的浸出液中铝离子含量小于2mg／L，去除率达到98％以上，铁离子含量小于0．3mg／L，该浸出液无需净化直接用碳酸氢铵沉淀得到的碳酸沉淀稀土符合生产质量要求．稀土产品质量达到国内现行标准，有效地简化了生产流程，并能减少5％-15％的稀土损失．     

Enhanced Photoactivity of Layered Nanocomposite Materials Containing Rare Earths, Titanium Dioxide and Clay

The nanocomposite materials containing rare earths, titanium dioxide and clay (RE/TiO2/Clay) were characterized and tested for the photocatalytic decomposition of formaldehyde. The results show that nanocomposite materials prepared by doping appropriate rare earth elements have better photocatalytic properties than that prepared by doping excessive rare earth elements. The photocatalytic mechanism of composite materials was studied by integrating the theory of photocatalysis with experiment results. Because the site of photocatalytic reaction was limited in the interspace of clay, photocatalytic reaction occurred by two steps: firstly, organic molecules dispersed into the interlayers of clay; secondly, organic molecules and photocatalyst of RE/TiO2 occurred photocatalytic reaction, resulting in forming carbon dioxide.     

近年稀土钢研究进展与加速研发新思路

通过对近几年来稀土钢发展相关文献的调研,统计了稀土相关论文、专利增长数量和应用领域分布,分析了稀土钢的研发进展。结果表明,无论是基础研究还是应用领域拓展,稀土钢近年来都得到迅速发展,稀土电工钢和稀土TWIP钢成为最热门的研发钢种,但稀土添加工艺等关键技术的不足,以及有待发展的稀土钢研发方法,延缓了稀土钢的发展与应用。稀土钢生产实践表明各种稀土添加工艺中连铸结晶器喂线法是钢铁连铸生产最有效的稀土添加方法,稀土电渣重熔工艺对生产重大装备制造用大型铸件具有重要应用价值。介绍了有关引入材料基因组工程先进研究理念,发展高通量计算与模拟、高通量制备与表征研究方法,建立稀土钢数据库,加快稀土钢研发的新思路。     

Review of Studies on Rare Earth against Plant Disease

Agricultural application of rare earth (RE) has been generalized for several decades, and it is involved in crops, vegetables and stock raising in China. However, all the researches on RE mainly focus on the fields such as plant physiological activity, physiological and biochemical mechanism, sanitation toxicology and environmental security. Plant protection by using RE and the induced resistance of plant against diseases were summarized. The mechanism of rare earth against plant disease is highlighted, which includes following two aspects. First, RE elements can control some phytopathogen directly and reduce its virulence to host plant. Another possibility is that RE elements can affect host plant and induce the plant to produce some resistance to disease.     

Formation of intermetallic compound at interface between rare earth elements and ferritic-martensitic steel by fuel cladding chemical interaction

The intermetallic compounds formation at interface between rare earth elements and clad material were investigated to demonstrate the effects of rare earth elements on fuel-cladding chemical interaction(FCCI)behavior.Mischmetal(70Ce-30La)and Nd were prepared as rare earth elements.Diffusion couple testing was performed on the rare earth elements and cladding(9Cr2W steel)near the operation temperature of(sodium-cooled fast reactor)SFR fuel.The performance of a diffusion barrier consisting of Zr and V metallic foil against the rare earth elements was also evaluated.Our results showed that Ce and Nd in the rare earth elements and Fe in the clad material interdiffused and reacted to form intermetallic species according to the parabolic rate law,describing the migration of the rare earth element.The diffusion of Fe limited the reaction progress such that the entire process was governed by the cubic rate law.Rare earth materials could be used as a surrogate for high burnup metallic fuels,and the performance of the barrier material was demonstrated to be effective.