Effects of Technical Conditions on Structure, Morphology and Crystalline Size of Nanocrystalline Nd-Doped Ceria Powders

Nanocrystalline solid solution CeO2-Nd2O3 powders were prepared by low temperature combustion process.Special attention was paid to the influence of the glycine/metal ratio and calcination temperature on the powders phase structure, morphology and particle size.TG-DSC curves and XRD peaks of different glycine/metal ratio show that smaller particle size can be obtained with a slightly fuel-deficient ratio.XRD results indicate that the as-prepared powders are crystallized in a single fluorite structure.The crystalline size ranges from 9 to 24 nm, which increases with the increase of calcination temperature.The lower SEM images were characterized by the spongy and form-like microstructure of the powders.Organic agent may be gradually eliminated by high temperature calcination process.     

煅烧温度对掺锑氧化锡粉体性能的影响

探讨了煅烧对掺锑氧化锡粉体性能的影响.用X射线衍射进行粉体晶粒尺寸和物相检测,表明粉体晶粒随煅烧温度升高而长大,粉体保持了SnO2的四方相结构.透射电镜结果表明颗粒为球形,随温度升高粒度增加.比较Sb2O5和Sb2O3的标准生成自由能,认为较低温度下Sb的掺杂应为Sb3+.     

Preparation of large particle rare earth oxides by precipitation with oxalic acid

The large particle CeO2 and Y2O3 were prepared using oxalic acid as precipitator. The effects of operational parameters such as stirring velocity, precipitation temperature, feeding speed, aging time, precipitation method, and calcination temperature on particle size and loose density of CeO2 were studied. Under the particular conditions, particle median size of D50≥30μm, loose density of ≥2.0 g/mlof CeO2, and particle median size of D50≥20 μm of Y2O3 were prepared. This technology had advantages of simple process, less equipment investment, ease of use, and suitability for industrialization products.     

CeO2催化强化高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧机制

为了研究稀土氧化物CeO2对高炉喷吹煤粉的助燃机制,以某炼铁厂高炉喷吹煤粉为原料,利用煤粉燃烧炉进行煤粉燃烧试验并收集未燃煤粉,通过热重-差热法分析CeO2对喷吹煤粉的助燃机制,结合XRD和SEM检测分析未燃煤粉.结果表明:助燃剂CeO2对喷吹煤粉的助燃效果显著,其添加比例控制在1.5％(质量分数)左右比较适宜;CeO2在煤粉固定碳表面上形成络合盐Ce4+(CO-)4,减弱了两相反应物间的势能垒,促使挥发分的开始燃烧放热温度降低,固定碳燃烧温度区间变窄;随着CeO2的加入,Ce4+ (CO)4成倍增长,在XRD图谱中表现为未燃煤粉的微晶尺寸逐渐增大;在CeO2的作用下未燃煤粉颗粒的平均粒径与原煤未燃煤粉颗粒的平均粒径相比减小了3.48 μm,表面出现大量孔洞结构.     

Preparation of High-Surface Area Nano-CeO2 by Template-Assisted Precipitation Method

The high-surface area nano-CeO2 was prepared by Ce（NO3）3 by precipitation method, with surfactant cetyhrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） as templating agent. The effects of the precipitating agents, reaction temperature, ageing time, and calcination temperature on the surface area, as well as the pore structure and the mean crystallite size of nano-CeO2 were studied. It was found that the reaction of Ce（NO3）3 with NaOH in the presence of CTAB at 90℃ for 12 h yieldsed a cerium oxide/surfaetant mixture, which after calcination at 400℃ resulted in high-surface area nano-CeO2. The mean crystallite size of CeO2 was approximately 6 nm, surface area was in excess of 200 m^2· g ^- 1, pore size was approximately 9 nm, and the pore distribution was concentrative. Moreover, the surface area can still reach 147 m^2·g^- 1 after calcination at 700 ℃, which showed the good thermal stability of the CeO2. The number of oxygen vacancies in the structure of CeO2 corresponded with the surface area of CeO2, and the high surface area was propitious to the formalion of oxygen vacancies.     

Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Superfine Sr2CeO4 Phosphors by Sol-Gel Auto- Combustion Method

Citric acid complexing sol-gel auto-combustion method was explored to synthesize superfine Sr2CeO4 phosphors using the inorganic salts Sr（NO3）2 and Ce（NO3）3 as raw materials together with citric acid （CA） as a chelating agent. TGDTA, XRD, SEM and photoluminescence spectra were used to investigate the formation process, microstructure and luminescent properties of the synthesized Sr2CeO4. The results show that the crystallization of Sr2CeO4 begins at about 800 ℃ and completes around 900 ℃ with an orthorhombic structure. When the calcination temperature is above 1000 ℃, Sr2CeO4 partly decomposes into SrCeO3. SEM studies show that the particles of Sr2CeO4 obtained at 900 ℃ are sphericallike shape and superfine with diameter below 100 nm. The excitation spectrum of the superfine Sr2CeO4 phosphors displays a broad band with two peaks around 290 and 350 nm respectively. The former peak is stronger than the latter one. This broad band is due to the charge transfer （CT） band of the Ce^4＋ ion. Excited by a radiation of 290 nm, the superfine phosphors emit a strong blue-white fluorescence, and the emission spectrum shows a broad band with a peak around 470 nm, which can be assigned to the f→t1g transition of Ce^4＋ . It is found that the emission intensity is affected by the calcination temperature.     

稀土氧化物粒子对钼合金粉末冶金过程及力学性能的影响

试验研究了掺杂La2O3、Y2O3、CeO2稀土氧化物颗粒对钼合金的粉末物性、烧结进程、制品的烧结致密度及压力加工丝材的室温力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,掺杂稀土氧化物粒子细化了钼粉的粒度,降低了松装密度和粒度分布范围,同时导致粉末团聚现象增多;稀土氧化物粒子延迟了钼合金的烧结进程,降低了烧结制品的致密度,同时细化了烧结体晶粒尺寸。稀土氧化物粒子以弥散强化和细晶强化的形式,提高了钼合金丝的室温强度。CeO2显著提高了钼合金丝的室温韧性,La2O3、Y2O3则降低了钼合金丝的室温韧性。     

Preparation and Characterization of CeO2 Superfine Powder

The CeO2 superfine powder was prepared by the co-precipitation method, using the industrial grade Ce2(CO3)3 and NH4HCO3 as starting material and precipitating reagent, respectively. The precipitated precursons and the calcinated products were characterized by the thermogravimetric analysis/thermoanalysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that using NH4HCO3 as a precipitating reagent,the precipitate decomposed full as it was heated to 360℃. The CeO2 superfine powder formed by calcinating the precipitate belongs to a cubic CaF2-type structure and has the first mean particle diameter 140nm and second mean particle diameter 630nm. The CeO2 powder particles aggregate and grow with raising the calcination temperature.     

Ce在钼合金中的存在形态及其对力学性能的影响

实验研究了稀土元素Ce在钼丝制备过程中的存在形态以及对其性能的影响。结果表明,在通过MoO2粉末和Ce(NO3)3溶液的固-液掺杂、还原获得的Mo-Ce合金粉末中,Ce元素以CeO2形态存在;在烧结坯中,较大尺寸的CeO2质点分布于晶界,较小尺寸的CeO2质点分布于晶内;在丝材成形过程中,晶内CeO2质点逐渐变形为纤维状,晶界CeO2质点仍呈球状,未发生变形。CeO2的存在不但细化了钼粉,同时弥散分布在烧结坯基体中,起到了一定的韧化作用。对不同Ce含量的Mo-Ce合金而言,CeO2存在形式有所不同,导致其塑性有所差异。     

Preparation of Compound Ultrafine CeO2 by Wet-Solid-Phase Mechanochemical Modification

To satisfy practical requirements from industrial applications, an alternate route for synthesis compound ultrafine CeO2 powders by wet-solid-phase mechanochemical modification using industrial grade hydrated cerium carbonate as raw material was proposed.The effect of modifier reaction percentage, reaction time, calcining temperature and modifier amount on particle size, density, suspensibility, and hardness of compound CeO2 powder was investigated.The phase evolutions of preparation process were characterized by XRD.SEM micrograph of the final product shows that compound CeO2 powders obtained are well-dispersed, spherically-shaped, uniformly-sized and submicron-sized particles.The method is readily available in raw material, low in cost, simple in process, and has great potential for industrialization.The compound CeO2 powders of different physical properties can be synthesized by controlling the above-mentioned influence factors in preparation process.     

Characterization of CuO Species and Thermal Solid-Solid Interaction in CuO/CeO2-Al2O3 Catalyst by In-Situ XRD, Raman Spectroscopy and TPR

Transference of CuO species and thermal solid-solid interaction in CuO/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method were characterized by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques. For the catalyst calcined at 300℃, two kinds of CuO species coexist on the surface, that is, highly dispersed and bulk CuO crystalline phase. Four kinds of CuO species are present for the catalyst calcined at 600 ℃, ： （1） highly dispersed CuO, （2） bulk CuO on the surface, （3） bulk CuO in the internal layer of CeO2, and （4） CuAl2O4 formed from CuO-Al2O3 interaction. For the catalyst calcined at 800 ℃,C, besides very little highly dispersed and bulk CuO on the surface, most of the CuO has transferred into the internal layer of CeO2 and the mass of CuAl2O4 are increased. At 900 ℃,, all of CuO has diffused into the internal layer of CeO2 and formed CuAl2O4. The results show that the distribution of CuO species in the catalysts depends on the calcination temperature; the different CuO species can be effectively confirmed by in-situ XRD, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR techniques.     

Preparation,characterization and catalytic oxidation property of CeO2/Cu2+-attapulgite （ATP） nanocomposites

Cerium oxide(CeO2) coated on copper modified attapulgite clay nanocomoposite(CeO2/Cu2+-ATP) was prepared by homogeneous deposition method.The microstructures of the as-prepared CeO2/Cu2+-ATP nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results indicated that CeO2 particles with average size of about 5 nm were loaded onto the Cu2+-ATP and were widely dispersed.Comparing the catalytic activity of ATP/CeO2 and CeO2/Cu2+-ATP,the catalytic activity was improved when a small quantity of Cu2+ was introduced.The loading amount of CeO2 and reaction temperature had important effects on decolorization ratio of methyl orange(MO).When the loading amount and reaction temperature were 70% and 338 K,respectively,the decolorization ratio of MO reached over 99%,which showed excellent catalytic activity.     

碳酸铈焙烧过程中晶粒长大的蒙特卡洛法模拟

基于蒙特卡洛法模拟对碳酸铈焙烧过程中CeO2晶粒的长大过程进行了计算。结果表明,温度在873K以下,晶粒生长比较缓慢,焙烧时间对晶粒的长大没有显著影响;温度大于873K后,晶粒生长速度明显提高,焙烧时间长,晶粒明显长大。     

不同沉淀剂制备氧化铈抛光粉

氧化铈(CeO₂)抛光粉在光学玻璃、手机盖板、集成电路等领域内有着广泛的应用。合成高端CeO₂抛光粉主要采用液相沉淀得到前驱体,再经过煅烧转型制得CeO₂。前驱体是决定CeO₂抛光粉性质和性能的关键因素之一。通过模拟工业上常用的制备方法,以氯化铈(CeCl₃)为铈源,使用碳酸钠(Na₂CO₃)、碳酸铵[(NH₄)₂CO₃]、碳酸氢铵(NH₄HCO₃)、二水合草酸(H₂C2O₄·2H₂O)和氢氧化钠(NaOH)为沉淀剂,合成了一系列CeO₂抛光粉的前驱体。利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪等手段表征了前驱体的晶相、形貌、粒度等性质,并研究了前驱体煅烧转型后的CeO₂性质及其对K9光学玻璃的...     

电化学法和沉淀法制备的纳米结构CeO_2的微观结构比较

利用X射线衍射、X射线小角散射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等分析手段对电化学法、沉淀法制备的纳米结构的CeO2 的微观结构进行了比较 ,发现电化学法制备CeO2 是由分散的纳米颗粒组成 ,而沉淀法制备的CeO2 则是由粗大片状颗粒组成 ,而该片状颗粒具有纳米的结构。电化学法的CeO2 比沉淀法CeO2 具有更细的纳米结构     

含氟铈基稀土抛光粉的制备及其抛光性能

以碳酸镧铈为前驱体,采用氢氟酸氟化、高温焙烧、机械搅拌磨的方法制备中位粒径较小的含氟铈基稀土抛光粉。结果表明,所得产物中固溶体具有立方萤石结构;随着氟掺杂量的增加,开始析出四方结构的LaOF相,CeO2的XRD特征峰向右偏移,结晶度提高,粉体的振实密度随之增大;对光学玻璃的抛光能力在氟掺杂量为6%时出现极大值,被抛光物体的表面光洁度随氟掺杂量的增大而下降。     

稀土Y、Ce对钼合金力学性能的影响

实验以MoO2和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,通过固-液掺杂、还原、烧结、拉伸制备钼合金丝。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及力学性能试验,研究了稀土元素Y、Ce在粉末及钼合金中的存在形式以及对钼合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:Y、Ce元素分别以CeO2和Y2O3形式存在于钼粉中,Y对钼粉颗粒长大的抑制效果高于Ce;钼合金中,稀土Y和Ce作用不同,Y抑制晶粒的长大,延迟烧结;而Ce促进烧结,使烧结完全致密化;钼合金丝中,CeO2质点以纤维状存在,有利于提高钼丝的塑性,而Y2O3质点以球状颗粒存在,钼合金丝的室温和高温抗拉强度较高。Y、Ce的共同作用,MYCe合金丝综合力学性能好。     

Dielectric Properties of CeO2 -Doped Ba( Zr, Ti)O3 Ceramics

The influence of additive amount of CeO2 on the properties of Ba(Ti, Zr)O3 (BTZ) capacitor ceramics prepared using conventional solid-state reaction method was investigated. The dielectric constant(ε) increases to a maximum when w( CeO2 ) is about 1.0% and then decreases again at higher doping concentration of CeO2. The dielectric constant gets a maximum while w ( CeO2 ) is about 1. 0%, and the dielectric loss is minimum while w ( CeO2 ) is0.5 %. CeO2 can decrease the curie temperature, widen the εr-T peak and decrease the absolute value of dielectric constant temperature coefficient. The influence mechanism of CeO2 additive on the properties of the BTZ ceramics was discussed. The results show that CeO2 additive influences the properties of BTZ ceramics by means of forming defect solid solution , shifting curie temperature peak effect, segregating in crystal boundary , and impeding grain growth.     

CuO／CeO2 Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in Excess Hydrogen

CuO/CeO2 catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method and tested for CO removal from reformed fuels via selective oxidation. The influence of the calcination temperature on the chemical compositions and catalytic performance of CuO/CeO2 catalysts were studied. It was found that CuO/CeO2 catalysts exhibit excellent CO oxidation activity and selectivity, and the complete removal of CO is attained when the catalysts are calcined at appropriate temperatures. XRD, TPR and XPS results indicate that CuO/CeO2 catalysts exhibit higher catalytic performance in CO selective oxidation due to the strong interaction between copper oxide and cerium dioxide, which promotes the dispersion and hydrogen reduction activity of copper.     

Structure and Catalytic Behavior of CuO-ZrO-CeO2 Mixed Oxides

The effect of doping CuO on the structure and properties of zirconia-ceria mixed oxide was studied. The results show that addition of CuO decreases the reduction temperature of ceria, and stabilizes the cubic structure of mixed oxides, and enhances catalytic activity of CuO-ZrO-CeO2 mixed oxides for CO oxidation. Increasing ceria content in the mixed oxides can enhance the catalytic activity, but some impurities such as sulfate make catalytic activity falling. There is little effect of calcination temperature on catalytic activities, implying that these catalysts are effective with good thermal stability.