标准观察

行业工信部2012年第二批行业标准制修订计划发布近日,工业和信息化部下达了2012年第二批行业标准制修订计划,包括棉纺织印染标准14项、麻纺织品标准6项、毛纺织品标准5项、毛精纺标准2项,化纤标准22项。其中,《超高分子量聚乙烯长丝耐磨性试验方法》和《纺丝级回收再利用聚酯瓶片(PET)》标准的制订被列入重点项目。     

打造中国标准 营造标准环境 构筑国家安全标准体系

1.　引言“标准联结全世界”,这是第 3 5 届世界标准日的主题词,随着世界经济的发展,科技的创新,信息的传播,时空缩短人类之间交往距离,标准在日常生活中无处不在,标准关系你我他。标准化是经济贸易发展的需要,“标准化让各种各样的连接和界面都更加经济、有效”,“而标准化的规模则从点对点,延伸到了全国范围,再到全世界”。面对我国经济结构的战略调整,标准化建设“打造中国标准,营造标准环境,构筑国家安全标准体系”,要求我们与时俱进,时不我待。2.　我国标准战略的决策配合我国标准战略决策主要为:(1)标准适应市场经济发展和贸易的需求;…     

氯苯标准气体的研制

介绍了氮气中氯苯标准气体的研制方法。氯苯标准气体所采用制备方法为称量法,分析方法为GC-FID法。实验结果显示,氯苯标准气体具有良好的线性、瓶内均匀性和稳定性,有效期为12个月。研究制备的氯苯标准气体标准值为1~5μmol/mol,相对扩展不确定度为5%（置信度为95%）,与美国Scott Specialty Gases的同类标准气体具有可比性。     

中华人民共和国地方标准备案公告

20 0 1年第 3号 (总第 15号 )　　国家质量技术监督局已准予以下 1 2 1项地方标准备案 ,现予以公布。二○○一年三月十二日序号 备案号 地方标准编　　号 地方标准名称代替标准号 批　　准日　　期实　　施日　　期 标准主管部门1 1 1 2 4 5- 2 0 0 1ＤＢ1 5 Ｔ 352 - 2 0 0 0     

五项仪表标准成为国防最高计量新标准

<正>据悉,近日中国的仪器仪表产业又增添5项新标准,并且成为国防最高计量新标准。这5项标准是由中国航天科技集团公司一院102所建立的高压气体压力计标准装置、转速标准装置、微小气体流量标准装置、激波管动态压力标准装置、正弦动态压力标准装置等。目前,5项计量标准顺利通过国防科技工业计量考核办公室组织的现场考核。专家组经过评测,对5项计量标准给出了较高     

浅谈GB6544标准的修订

ＧＢ6 5 4 4首次修订 ,其物理性能指标主要参考日本工业标准ＪＩＳＺ15 16— 1997《外包装用瓦楞纸板》和德国标准ＤＩＮ5 5 4 6 8— 1987《包装材料瓦楞纸板》标准中的耐破强度指标和边压强度指标。在这里简单叙述标准修订的要点。同行通过对比可以基本了解。1.标准的格式 :按照ＧＢＴ1.3— 1997《标准化工作导测 ,第一单元 :标准的起草与表述规则 ,第三部分产品标准漏写规定》进行编写的 :与标准相比增加了 (范围 ) (引用标准 ) ,(定义及代号 )三章。2 .在第四章产品分类 ,对纸板的分类从原一类 ,二类、三类改成优等、一等、合格品 ,并删…     

地方标准备案通报目录

网备案号地方标准编号地方标准名称代替标准号批准日期实施日期标准主管部门l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 l0 ll 12 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 l8 l9 20 2l 22 23解25 26 27 28 29 30 17粼抖一2(X)5 17465一么刃5 1，粼拓一双刃5 17467一双犯5 17468一双犯5 17469一双刃5 17470一双刃5 !7471一么刃5 17472一效刃5 174，3一火刃5 17474一么刃5 17475一以幻5 17476一岌刃5 17477一双犯5 1747卜双刃5 17479一2(X)5 17480一以犯5 17481一岌刃5 17482一么犯5 17483一岌刃5 1侧抖一么刃5 17485一么刀5 17486一乞刃5 17487一么娜17488一2(X)5 17489一岌刃5 174卯一以…     

半导体工业用高纯气体标准

介绍《1987．SEMI标准》,有气氮、液氮标准;气氧、液氧标准;气氩、液氩标准;氦气标准,以及杭氧所高纯氧、氮技术规格。表5。     

企业标准

国际标准资讯美国全面推行数字电视广播标准(ATSC)美国将在全国范围内全面推行数字电视地面广播标准(ATSC),并于2009年2月17日关闭所有模拟电视的空中广播。届时将有至少1千5百万到2千万模拟电视用户受到影响。部分用户可     

八项高新技术标准进入标准专项

1月5日从“重要技术标准研究”总体组获悉:经过1年左右的实施,已编制15个标准、54个草案,其中包括2个国际标准草案:有机电致发光显示器件测试方法和等离子显示器件测试方法。进入标准专项的8个标准是:高清晰度平板显示技术、第三代移动通信关键技术、自动交换光网络和宽带IP技术、集成电路IP核技术、中文信息处理关键技术、微电子配套材料技术、基于XML的电子商务关键技术、工业控制网络及工业自动化功能安全。据了解,标准专项侧重支持能够形成具有自主知识产权的标准研制和对我国产业发展具有重要影响并能形成国际标准的研究;同时考虑与…     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...