立体绿化植物选择

根据生态景观要求和土壤基质厚度的差异,从植物应用的角度出发,可将屋顶绿化分为草地式和群落式两类。草地式屋顶绿化以栽植低矮的草本植物为主,形成近屋顶表面植被层的屋顶绿化形式;而群落式屋顶绿化以应用乔木、灌木、藤本、草本等两种以上的植物类型．形成种类多样、层次丰富的屋顶绿化类型。因此,在绿化植物选择上,应针对不同的屋顶绿化类型,选择适宜的绿化植物。     

探析屋顶绿化

本文从屋顶绿化的概念及分类、屋顶绿化的相关设计要点、屋顶绿化植物的具体选择要点、屋顶绿化植物的具体配置要点、屋顶绿化施工的相关注意事项、屋顶绿化施工之后的养护管理等方面论述了实施屋顶绿化的相关要点。     

广州开始实施《屋顶绿化技术规范》

由广州市园林科研所编制的《屋顶绿化技术规范》作为推荐性地方技术规范从本月起实施。据介绍，该屋顶绿化规范适用于广州地区建筑物和构筑物平顶的屋顶绿化设计、施工和管理。该规范将屋顶绿化分为了花园式屋顶绿化和简单式屋顶绿化两种。规范列出了适宜该市屋顶生长的90种植物。规范要求，新建建筑在符合公共安全要求下，宜采用花园式屋顶绿化，选择适宜的乔木、灌木、地被等植物进行绿化，设置园林建筑小品等设施，提供一个休憩的绿地空间。而简单式屋顶绿化，一般不设置园林建筑小品等设施。     

成都自生草本植物屋顶绿化夏季气候适应性研究

【目的】针对夏季城市热岛效应加剧、园林屋顶绿化养护管理成本高及景观同质化严重等问题,探讨自生草本植物在屋顶绿化中的夏季气候适应性,以期丰富屋顶绿化植物种类,构建低维护植物景观来缓解城市热岛效应。【方法】通过构建绿色屋顶容器式实验平台,采用实验验证法对成都市16种常见的自生草本植物开展为期3个月的适应性观测,分析自生草本植物的生长高度、地面覆盖度、植物存活期等相关数据。【结果】求米草、狗牙根、白茅、山莴苣、马兰、薄荷、马蹄金、车前、铁苋菜9种植物在极端高温、干旱的气候条件下长势较好,适宜成都市屋顶绿化的夏季气候条件,具有应用优势。水芹、荩草、狗尾草、淡竹叶、鱼眼草、犁头尖、龙葵无法适应屋顶绿化气候环境,不适合成都市屋顶绿化植物造景应用。【结论】研究结果为城市屋顶绿化应用提供多样植物选择依据,创新了屋顶绿化材料运用,自生植物更适宜低维护、可持续植物景观,具有重要的社会价值、生态价值。     

屋顶绿化对室外微气候的降温增湿效果

在高密度城市中,建筑屋顶具有巨大的开发利用潜力,通过结合绿化打造屋顶休闲空间,不仅可以改善屋顶上部微气候,还能有效提高城市绿量。以重庆典型气候条件下绿化屋顶常用的3种屋顶绿化植物为研究对象,采用实测与理论分析相结合的方法,探究不同屋顶绿化植物对周围环境的降温增湿效果。实验结果表明,屋顶绿化的降温增湿作用从正午高温之后持续至次日日出,增湿作用夜间效果更为突出,植物的降温效果在其表面最显著;植物叶面积指数与其反射辐射量呈反向相关。3种植物中,小叶景天综合效果最好,在其表面日间最大降温11.7℃,在300、700mm处夜间分别降温4.64、3.97℃,其最大增湿效果出现在19:00,增湿33.1%。     

厦门屋顶绿化建设初探

分析不同屋顶绿化类型环境在植物选择上的要求,结合厦门城市屋顶绿化现状,探讨适合该地区屋顶绿化的植物选择原则、适宜品种、配置方式和养护管理措施等,为厦门市屋顶绿化植物应用提供一定的参考.     

屋顶绿化植物的选择与配置

本文在分析了屋顶绿化的植物选择原则的基础上,对屋顶绿化的植物选择与配置作了简要的归纳介绍.同时,针对不同类型屋顶绿化总结了其植物造景的常用设计方法,并粗略介绍了屋顶绿化的养护与管理.     

屋顶绿化造景探讨

文章讲述屋顶园林绿化的意义及屋顶绿化植物的选择,重点探讨屋顶绿化造景的形式和植物景观的管理。     

植物对绿化屋顶热工性能影响的模拟研究

为了研究绿化屋顶中植物对其的影响,建立简化绿化屋顶模型,通过运用计算流体力学(CFD)进行模拟,分析植物冠层叶面积指数(LAI)和风速对绿化屋顶热工性能的影响。研究结果表明:植物冠层对绿化屋顶有很好的隔热降温作用。绿化屋顶整体温度随着植物冠层叶面积指数的增大而减小,随风速的增大而减小,但植物冠层叶面积指数存在最优值,使得隔热降温效果较好的同时,尽可能小的降低屋顶载荷。     

空中花园不是梦——屋顶绿化技术探讨

屋顶绿化是用植物材料来覆盖平台屋顶的一种绿地形式。上海有近2亿平方米的平台屋顶，而现在已建成的屋顶绿化仅12万平方米。据了解，上海绿化管理部门将把屋顶花园建设写入法规，新建住宅和商务楼必须推行屋顶绿化。届时，屋顶花园的建设速度将大大加快。     

湿热地区轻薄绿色屋顶不同种植基质中 植被生长表现绩效研究

立足于重庆为代表的亚热带湿热气候条件,聚焦轻薄绿色屋顶景观,采用分区条形重复随机实验设计,构建具有2种混合草本群落、4种轻质保水基质类型,基质深度为20cm的绿色屋顶模块实验平台,对不同基质中植被生长高度、地面覆盖度、存活率、视觉外观指数、叶片气孔导度等指标以及基质体积水分含量进行持续监测,第一个生长季研究结果表明：综合各项生长表现指标,斑叶芒、花叶芒、细叶芒、阔叶山麦冬、紫竹梅、蓝花鼠尾草在轻薄绿色屋顶设施中表现优异,具有细密颗粒配比的轻质保水型D类基质在轻薄绿色屋顶的草本植被群落上具有应用优势,对重庆及亚热带湿热气候条件下轻薄绿色屋顶的景观构建具有基础研究意义与应用价值。     

A combined experimental and simulation method for appraising the energy performance of green roofs in Ningbo’s Chinese climate

A passive means of lowering the energy demand of buildings is the application of green roofs. The complexity between heat and moisture exchanges in green roof layers and the large variations of green roof types make the need for experimental or simulation assessments necessary for quantifying the energy benefits from green roofs. The current treatment of green roofs in simulation programs is either over-simplistic, for example by ignoring heat and moisture exchanges such as evapotranspiration, or the more advanced models have limitations and require inputs that are rarely available in practice. In this paper a combination of experimental and modelling techniques are used to assess the potential heating and cooling load reductions from the application of green roofs in the subtropical climate of Ningbo in China. The method provides a generalised energy performance assessment of green roofs in Ningbo by overcoming the limitations of existing green roof simulation models.     

佛甲草辐射特性的研究

在对植被屋顶进行热工性能研究时,绿化植物的发射率、长波辐射吸收率和太阳辐射吸收率是3个基本参数,对分析和计算植被屋顶的能量平衡有着重要意义。然而,目前学术界缺少常用绿化植物辐射特性的基本数据。本文研究了国内最常见的绿化物种——佛甲草的辐射特性,测得佛甲草叶片对太阳辐射的吸收率为0.67～0.69,发射率为0.81～0.84;同时利用太阳辐射传感器现场测得单位土地面积上密植的佛甲草草坪对太阳辐射的吸收率为0.83,估算得到其长波辐射吸收率约为1,在无进一步实验结果之前,可暂时认为单位土地面积上密植的佛甲草草坪发射率等同于叶片的发射率(0.83)。     

温度监测系统的设计及在屋顶绿化节能效果检测中的应用

为了监测屋顶绿化的节能效果,设计并实现了屋顶绿化温度监测系统。该系统可以实现现场数据的实时采集,并且采用无线数据传输模块,可以对屋顶绿化的热工性能远程监测,通过该系统可以得到种植不同植物屋顶的热工参数。采用多项式最小二乘法对温度传感器的模拟量信号与温度值间的关系进行拟合,提高了系统的采样精度。     

绿色屋顶的结构及材料

论文简述了绿色屋顶环境效益、分类和体系结构系统。论述了根阻层、排水层、滤水垫层、栽培基质层和植被层的作用和基本厚度。同时,针对不同系统的绿色屋顶讨论了材料的运用。     

绿色屋顶的生态系统服务评估模型构建

城市高密度发展与绿色空间需求的矛盾促使城市公共空间向立体化方向延展,为绿色屋顶的发展带来了机遇,绿色屋顶的生态系统服务功能可为人们提供生态、经济和社会效益。参考生态系统服务的通用国际分类（CICES）体系和深圳生态系统生产总值（GEP）评估指标体系,通过文献研究选取评估指标和决策方案,使用层次分析法（AHP）和专家评估法,首次构建了绿色屋顶的生态系统服务评估模型,并通过案例研究与模型结果进行对比分析,结果表明：1）在生态系统服务中,调节和维持服务在准则层中最为重要,气候调节在指标层中最为重要;2）在5种绿色屋顶类型中,生物多样性屋顶最为重要;3）专家对绿色屋顶生态系统服务的重要性评估在一定程度上可反映实际项目中决策者对绿色屋顶的主导生态系统服务功能的定位。该评估模型具有一定的应用价值,对辅助城市绿色屋顶规划布局的选址和选型具有重要意义。     

绿化屋顶技术研究综述与探讨

在全球气候变暖的趋势下,绿化屋顶作为一种有效的生态措施,对缓解城市区域热环境,改善建筑微气候有积极的作用,国内外学者从不同角度对绿化屋顶做了大量研究。总结了近年来国内外绿化屋顶的发展现状,分析绿化屋顶技术存在的问题及未来的发展方向,并对后续研究提出建议。     

Green roofs; building energy savings and the potential for retrofit

Green roofs are a passive cooling technique that stop incoming solar radiation from reaching the building structure below. Many studies have been conducted over the past 10 years to consider the potential building energy benefits of green roofs and shown that they can offer benefits in winter heating reduction as well as summer cooling.This paper reviews the current literature and highlights the situations in which the greatest building energy savings can be made. Older buildings with poor existing insulation are deemed to benefit most from a green roof as current building regulations require such high levels of insulation that green roofs are seen to hardly affect annual building energy consumption.As over half of the existing UK building stock was built before any roof insulation was required, it is older buildings that will benefit most from green roofs. The case for retrofitting existing buildings is therefore reviewed and it is found there is strong potential for green roof retrofit in the UK.     

Investigation of green roof thermal performance in temperate climate: A case study of an experimental building in Florianópolis city, Southern Brazil

Green roofs have been investigated as a bioclimatic strategy to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Quantitative data on this subject are still needed for many specific climatic conditions. This paper deals with the investigation of the green roof thermal performance of an experimental single-family residence in Florianópolis (SC, Brazil), a southern city with a temperate climate. Field measurements during a warm period (01-March-2008-07-March-2008) and during a cold period (25-May-2008-31-May-2008) included internal air temperature of rooms, internal and external surface temperature of three types of roofs (green, ceramic and metallic), heat fluxes through these roofs, green roof's temperature profile, water volumetric content in substrate layer and meteorological data. During the warm period, the green roof reduced heat gain by 92-97% in comparison to ceramic and metallic roofs, respectively, and enhanced the heat loss to 49 and 20%. During the cold period, the green roof reduced heat gain by 70 and 84%, and reduced the heat loss by 44 and 52% in comparison to ceramic and metallic roofs, respectively. From the derived data it has been confirmed that green roof contributes to the thermal benefits and energy efficiency of the building in temperate climate conditions.     

Seasonal heat flux properties of an extensive green roof in a Midwestern U.S. climate

Green roofs, or vegetated roofs, can reduce heat flux magnitude through a building envelope as a result of insulation provided by the growing medium, shading from the plant canopy, and transpirational cooling provided by the plants. This study quantifies the thermal properties of an inverted 325 m² retro-fitted extensive green roof versus a traditional gravel ballasted inverted roof in a Midwestern U.S. climate characterized by hot, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. In autumn, green roof temperatures were consistently 5 °C lower than corresponding gravel roof temperatures. Even during chilly and moist conditions, the heat flux leaving the building was lower for the green roof than the gravel roof. Temperatures at the top of the insulation layer were more variable for both green roof and gravel roof on winter days with no snow cover than on days with snow cover. Variation in temperatures between roof types in spring was similar to those in autumn. Peak temperature differences between gravel and green roof were larger in summer than other seasons (sometimes by as much as 20 °C). Over the course of a year (September 2005-August 2006), maximum and minimum average monthly temperatures and heat fluxes were consistently more extreme for the gravel roof than the green roof.