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1.
Salmanowicz BP Adamski T Surma M Kaczmarek Z Karolina K Kuczyńska A Banaszak Z Lugowska B Majcher M Obuchowski W 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(4):4186-4201
The influence of grain hardness, determined by using molecular markers and physical methods (near-infrared (NIR) technique and particle size index-PSI) on dough characteristics, which in turn were determined with the use of a farinograph and reomixer, as well as bread-making properties were studied. The material covered 24 winter wheat genotypes differing in grain hardness. The field experiment was conducted at standard and increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Results of molecular analyses were in agreement with those obtained by the use of physical methods for soft-grained lines. Some lines classified as hard (by physical methods) appeared to have the wild-type Pina and Pinb alleles, similar to soft lines. Differences in dough and bread-making properties between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of molecular data appeared to be of less significance than the differences between lines classified as hard and soft on the basis of physical analyses of grain texture. Values of relative grain hardness at the increased nitrogen fertilization level were significantly higher. At both fertilization levels the NIR parameter determining grain hardness was significantly positively correlated with the wet gluten and sedimentation values, with most of the rheological parameters and bread yield. Values of this parameter correlated with quality characteristics in a higher degree than values of particle size index. 相似文献
2.
The lipid composition of human liver microsomes isolated from liver biopsy samples obtained at abdominal surgery has been
determined. Human liver microsomal phospholipid is composed of 49% phosphatidylcholine, 31% phosphatidylethanolamine, 14%
phosphatidylserine+phosphatidylinositol and 6% sphingomyelin, very similar to the phospholipid composition of rat liver microsomes.
The fatty acid composition of human liver microsomes is remarkable only for its content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with
20% of the fatty acids consisting of arachidonic, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. This value
contrasts with 33% in rats and 9% in rabbits. The molar cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in human liver microsomes is 0.069,
similar to the ratio in rat and rabbit microsomes. 相似文献
3.
Large genetic diversity is available in corn (Zea mays L.) for alteration of its lipid composition. Mass selection has produced strains ranging from 0.4–17% oil with genetic variability
still existing in the high oil version. High oil hybrids (7–8% oil) with yields equal to those of commercial hybrids (4% oil)
have recently been developed. In feeding trials at the University of Minnesota, pigs made more efficient gains on high oil
corn. Oleic and linoleic acids usually make up 80–90% of the fatty acids of corn oil. Screening of corn lines has revealed
a range for linoleic acid of 25–71% and for oleic acid of 20–60%. Although the genetics of fattya cid synthesis have not been
completely elucidated, breeding of corn with selected unsaturation should be possible. Fatty acid placement within the triglyceride
molecule also may be subject to genetic modification in corn. 相似文献
4.
A. V. Dedov 《Fibre Chemistry》2010,42(1):38-40
Formation of isolated porosity in impregnated needle-punch material and the degree of impregnation are determined by the fibre composition. When thin fibres are used, closed pores are formed, and coarse fibres cause the formation of communicating porosity. The impregnation of needle-punch material is uneven, and the thickness of the impregnated layer is a function of the weight of the dry latex residue. 相似文献
5.
This study compared the lipid composition of the red blood cells of European cattle and of buffalo steers at the same level
of feed intake in a thermoneutral evironment. The mean volumes of the erythrocytes and their lipid content were greater in
buffalo than those in cattle. However, the amounts of phospholipid and cholesterol in cells of equal volume were higher in
buffalo than in cattle. In contrast, the phospholipid level at a given cholesterol level was higher in cattle than in buffalo.
The distribution of the different molecular species of phospholipids in the red cells of the two breeds were similar, but
there were significant distinctions in their fatty acid patterns, notably in the levels of 24∶0 and 24∶1 in the sphingomyelin
fractions. The proportion of total monounsaturated acids in the erythrocytes were similar from both breeds. However, there
was a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids with a corresponding lower content of total saturated fatty acids in
the red cells from buffalo than in those from cattle. The breed differences in erythrocyte lipid composition are discussed
in relation to breed differences in red cell characters and could lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of environmental
adaptation. 相似文献
6.
There have been a limited number of studies investigating surfactant lipid changes in lung with trace elements. The present
investigation was designed to examine the effect of moderate zinc deficiency on the lipid metabolism in rat lung. We also
evaluated whether zinc deficiency, which is a wide-spread problem, could play a role in adult respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS). For that purpose, adult male Wistar rats were fed two diets differing in zinc concentration. The rats were divided
into two groups. One group was fed a zinc-deficient diet containing 3 mg Zn/kg, and the other group received a zincadequate
control diet with 30 mg Zn/kg according to AIN 93-M. After 2 mon of treatment, we observed that in the zinc-deficient group
(i) total lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol increased whereas TG decreased in whole lung; (ii) phospholipid (PC) concentration
increased in lamellar bodies and alveolar macrophages and decreased in extracellular surfactant but did not change in microsomes;
(iii) protein concentration decreased in whole lung, extracellular surfactant, lamellar bodies, and macrophages; (iv) the
incorporation of [Me-14C]choline into PC (phospholipids) of lung slices increased; and (v) the activity of CTP/phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
bound to the microsomes increased in the lung. These results suggest that the lipid concentration in the lung (especially
the phospholipids) is modified directly or indirectly by a zinc-deficient diet. In a zincdeficient diet, the lung changes
the pattern of PC for an adaptive or recovery stage. Therefore, zinc deficiency implications are important for the design
of therapies and public health interventions involving targeted zinc supplementation for high-risk groups or groups with certain
diseases, such as ARDS. 相似文献
7.
Changes in dietary lipid intake are known to alter the fatty acid composition of cardiac muscle of various animals. Because
changes in cardiac muscle membrane structure and function may be involved in the pathogenesis of arrythmia and ischemia, we
have examined the effects of dietary lipid supplements on the phospholipid distribution and fatty acid composition of rat
atria and ventricle following 20 weeks feeding of diets supplemented with either 12% sunflower-seed oil or sheep fat.
Neither lipid supplement produced significant changes in the proportions of cholesterol, total phospholipids or phosphatidylcholine,
phosphatidylethanolamine or diphosphatidylglycerol,—the phospholipid classes that together account for more than 90% of the
total phospholipids of rat cardiac muscle. Significant changes were found in the profiles of the unsaturated fatty acids of
all 3 phospholipid components of both atria and ventricle. Although similar, the changes between these tissues were not identical.
However, in general, feeding a linoleic acid-rich sunflower seed oil supplement resulted in an increase in the ω-6 family
of fatty acids, whereas feeding the relatively linoleic acid-poor sheep fat supplement decreased the level of ω-6 fatty acids
but increased the levels of the ω-3 family, resulting in major shifts in the proportions of these families of acids. In particular,
the ratio of arachidonic acid: docosahexaenoic acid (20∶4, ω-6/22∶6, ω-3), which is higher in all phospholipids of atria than
ventricle, is increased by feeding linoleic acid, primarily by increasing the level of arachidonic acid in the muscle membranes.
As dosahexaenoic acid does not occur in the diet, the increase in this acid which occurs after feeding animal fat, presumably
arises from increased conversion of the small amounts of linolenic acid in all diets when the amount of linoleic acid present
is reduced. 相似文献
8.
Denis R. Body 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1983,60(11):1894-1895
The kernels of karaka seeds(Corynocapus laevigatus) contained 9.6% oil by wt. The lipid constituents were characterized by silicic acid column chromatography and thin layer
chromatography, and their individual fatty acid compositions by gas liquid chromatography. Of the seed oil, triacylglycerol
was the major component which contained high proportions of linoleic (45%) and oleic (26%) acids. The major component of husk
oil (0.9% of husk by wt) was polar lipid (glycolipids and pigments). 相似文献
9.
Seeds of 60 cultivars of chickpea,Cicer arietinum, from three countries were dehulled and the ground cotyledons evaluated for composition of lipids and lipoxygenase. the average
lipid contents of Iraqi-, Indian-and Canadian-grown samples were 5.3, 6.6 and 7.3%, respectively. While palmitic and stearic
acids were uniformly about 9.3 and 1.5% of total fatty acids in the lipids, the proportions of oleic and linoleic acids varied
from 36 and 50% for Iraqi samples to 17 and 68% for Canadian-grown samples, respectively. Linolenic acid values ranged from
2.1 to 4.5% of total fatty aids and, with lipoxygenase activities averaging one-half that of soybean, the potential for oxidative
rancidity in chickpea flours was substantial, especially in northern-grown samples.
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Philadelphia, PA in May 1985. 相似文献
10.
Barley seeds,Hordeum vulgare, var. Kenia, were dissected before and after 5 days of germination, to distinguish between the scutellum, the coleoptile
half of the embryo and the coleorhiza half of the embryo. Total lipids were extracted from each fraction and analyzed by thin
layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography. In tissues from the coleoptile and coleorhiza halves of the embryo there
was a concurrent disappearance of triglycerides with a marked increase of esterified sterols and esterified sterol glucosides.
In the scutellum there was also a change in triglycerides, but the variations in contents of esterified sterols and esterified
sterol glucosides were much smaller. Mono- and digalactolipids were virtually absent from embryonic tissue. The amounts of
linoleic and linolenic acids in esterified sterol glucosides were increased after 5 days of germination in all the embryonic
tissues, especially in the coleoptile half. In sterol esters, linoleic acid comprised nearly half of the total fatty acids,
and the desaturation after 5 days of germination was much less pronounced. 相似文献
11.
J. E. Kinsella 《Lipids》1972,7(3):165-170
The microsomes isolated from lactating bovine mammary tissue contained 4.3 mg lipid per milligram nitrogen. Phospholipids
comprised 83% of the lipids. The neutral lipids were composed of triglycerides (20–30%), diglycerides (5–10%), free fatty
acids (15–30%, cholesterol (35–40% and cholesterol esters (10–12%, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant phospholipid
component (>50%), and the remainder consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (21–13%), phosphatidylserine (4–6%), phosphatidylinositol
(8%), sphingomyelin (9%) and lysophosphatidylcholine (2%) respectively. The composition of the microsomal phospholipids was
similar to that of isolated mammary cells and tissue homogenates but quite different from milk and fat globule membrane phospholipids.
The triglycerides contained short chain fatty acids but their relative concentrations were lower than in milk triglycerides.
The various lipid fractions had a variable proportion of saturated fatty acids, i.e., triglycerides (47.7%), diglycerides
(86.7%), free fatty acids (70.6%), phosphatidylcholine (50.6%), phosphatidylethanolamine (50.8%), phosphatidylserine (35.3%),
phosphatidylinositol (40.5%) and sphingomyelin (82.3%), respectively. The molecular distribution of fatty acids in the microsomal
triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine was similar to that occurring in milk, i.e., the short chain and unsaturated fatty acids
were concentrated in the primary positions (sn1 andsn3) of the triglycerides, and the unsaturated acids were preferentially located in positionsn2 of the phosphatidylcholine. The compositional data indicate that mammary microsomes are not the direct source of the phospholipids
of the milk fat globule. 相似文献
12.
The lipid composition of six thermophilic fungi (Myriococcum albomyces, Mucor miehei, Papulaspora thermophila, Rhizopus sp.,Thielavia thermophila (+)Thielavia thermophila (−), andTorula thermophila) was examined. The relative per cent total lipids (4.9–26.3%), neutral lipids (55.5–88.3%), polar lipids (11.7–44.6%) and
the fatty acid profile of each lipid fraction was determined. The predominant fatty acids were 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶2, and lesser
amounts of 12∶0, 14∶0, 15∶0, 16∶1, 16∶2, 17∶0 and 18∶3 were present. The total lipids contained an average of 0.96 double
bonds per mole fatty acid (unsaturation index [USI]) the neutral lipids 0.86 USI and the polar lipids 0.84 USI, excluding
the values forTorula thermophila. These data show a high degree of saturation and are consistent with data reported for other fungal thermophiles.Torula thermophila possessed abnormally high USI values (1.15–1.50) and was cultured at three different temperatures (25, 45 and 51 C). As the
culture temperature ofTorula thermophila increased, the USI decreased. The USI of the polar lipids ofTorula thermophila at 25, 45 and 51 C were 1.50, 1.28 and 1.11, respectively. Thus the membrane lipids of this fungus appear unusual for a thermophile. 相似文献
13.
The effect of a serum-free medium (TNB-100), compared to RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), on the lipid composition
of HL60 and K562 leukemic cells was investigated. The 10% FBS RPMI medium contained approximately three times more phospholipids
(PL), about three times more protein and eight times more cholesterol (CHOL) than did the TNB-100 medium. Cells cultured in
TNB-100 medium, referred to as HL60-TNB and K562-TNB cells, were significantly lower in PL and CHOL than 10% FBS RPMI cells,
with about a threefold higher PL-to-CHOL ratio; however, these cells were significantly higher in protein content. Cells grown
in TNB-100 were also significantly more fluid than 10% FBS RPMI cells and were more sensitive to the fluidizing action of
the ether lipid 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The 50% inhibitory dose of the drug was about 50% lower in TNB-grown cells than in 10% FBS RPMI
cells. 相似文献
14.
This study reports on the plasma lipid compositions of sheep fed either a control diet (C), a control diet supplemented with
tallow (A) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (B) that had been protected against hydrolysis and hydrogenation in the rumen, or
a control diet supplemented with maize oil (D). Diet B considerably increased the 18∶2 content of all the major plasma lipid
fractions. Although the feeding of diet D also resulted in an increase in the 18∶2 contents within the cholesteryl ester,
unesterified fatty acid, and phospholipid fractions the increases were considerably less than those observed with diet B;
the levels of 18∶2 within the triglyceride fraction remained similar to that for the sheep which received the control diet.
The effect of feeding diet A was confined solely to the triglyceride fraction where the concentrations of 16∶0 and 18∶1 were
increased. The lipoproteins of the plasma were separated into very low density lipoproteins (d<1.006), low density lipoproteins
(1.006<d<1.063), and high density lipoproteins (1.063<d<1.21), and the distribution of the major lipids between these lipoprotein
fractions was investigated. Diet B increased considerably the proportion of triglyceride found in association with the very
low density fraction and the concentrations of 18∶2 within all the lipoprotein fractions; these increases in the concentrations
of 18∶2 were not confined to any particular lipid fraction of the lipoproteins. In contrast, the increases in the concentrations
of 18∶2 produced as a result of feeding diet D were confined to the low and high density lipoproteins. The effect of feeding
diet A was confined to fatty acid changes within the triglycerides of the low and very low density lipoproteins. 相似文献
15.
The influence ofin vivo administration of detergents on serum lipid composition was studied in rats. Male Wistar rats received 50 mg Emulgen 913
(polyoxyethylene nonylphenylether, a nonionic detergent) or SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate, an anionic detergent) per kg of body
weight intraperitoneally for 3 consecutive days. Emulgen 913 and SDS administration increased the level of cholesterol esters
and phospholipids, respectively. But Emulgen 913 administration reduced the level of triglycerides in the Serum, and SDS administration
reduced also the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol esters. In spite of the changes in serum lipid composition, the administration
of these detergents did not affect the amount of total lipids in rat serum. The proportion of palmitic, oleic, and docosahexaenoic
acids in phospholipids was decreased by the administration of Emulgen 913 while the level of arachidonic acid was raised.
However, the level SDS administration had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids. On the other
hand, both Emulgen 913 and SDS administration showed an effect on the fatty acid composition of triglycerides. It is postulated
that liver damage due to administration of detergents is responsible for the changes in serum lipid and fatty acid composition
in detergent-treated rats. 相似文献
16.
Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice 总被引:10,自引:29,他引:10
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a chemoprotective fatty acid that inhibits mammary, colon, forestomach, and skin carcinogenesis
in experimental animals. We hypothesize that the ubiquitous chemoprotective actions of dietary CLA in extrahepatic tissues
are dependent upon its role in modulating fatty acid composition and metabolism in liver, the major organ for lipid metabolism.
This study begins to evaluate the role of CLA in lipid metabolism by determining the modulation of fatty acid composition
by CLA. Female SENCAR mice were fed semipurified diets containing 0.0% (Diet A), 0.5% (Diet B), 1.0% (Diet C), or 1.5% (Diet
D) CLA (by weight) for six weeks. Mice fed Diets B, C, and D exhibited lower body weights and elevated amounts of extractable
total lipid in livers compared with mice fed diets without CLA (Diet A). Analyses of the fatty acid composition of liver by
gas chromatography revealed that dietary CLA was incorporated into neutral and phospholipids at the expense of linoleate in
Diets B, C, and D; oleate increased and arachidonate decreased in neutral lipids of CLA diet groups. In addition, increasing
dietary CLA was associated with reduced linoleate in hepatic phospholipids. In an in vitro assay, CLA was desaturated to an unidentified 18:3 product to a similar extent as linoleate conversion to γ-linolenate (9.88,
and 13.63%, respectively). These data suggest that CLA may affect metabolic interconversion of fatty acids in liver that may
ultimately result in modified fatty acid composition and arachidonate-derived eicosanoid production in extrahepatic tissues.
In addition to determining how dietary CLA modulates eicosanoid synthesis, further work is needed to identify enzymatic products
that may result from desaturation of CLA. 相似文献
17.
Murray L. Kinman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1972,49(1):36-37
It may be possible to modify fatty acid composition of sunflower oil by appropriate breeding methods. Data are inadequate
to judge the possibility of changing the amino acid composition of sunflower protein by breeding.
One of seven papers presented at the Symposium, “The Plant Geneticist’s Contribution Toward Changing the Lipid and Amino Acid
Composition of Oilseeds,” AOCS Meeting, Houston, May 1971. 相似文献
18.
Plasma cholesterol, arachidonic acid (AA, 20∶4n−6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22∶6n−3) are higher in breast-fed infants
than in infants fed formula without cholesterol, AA, or DHA. This study investigated differences in plasma, hepatic, and bile
lipids and phospholipid fatty acids, and expression of hepatic proteins involved in sterol metabolism that result from feeding
formula with cholesterol with egg phospholipid to provide AA and DHA. For this study, three groups of piglets were evaluated:
piglets fed formula with 0.65 mmol/L cholesterol, the same formula with 0.8% AA and 0.2% DHA from egg phospholipid, and piglets
fed sow milk. Piglets fed the formula with phospholipid AA and DHA had higher plasma high density lipoprotein, but not apoprotein
(apo) B cholesterol or triglyceride; higher bile acid and phospholipid concentrations in bile; and higher liver and bile phospholipid
AA and DHA than piglets fed formula without AA and DHA (P<0.05). Hydroxy methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase and 7-α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol and bile
acid synthesis, respectively, and low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels were not different between piglets fed formula
without and with phospholipid AA and DHA, but HMG-CoA reductase and 7α-hydroxylase mRNA were higher, and plasma apo B containing
lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in all piglets fed formula than in piglets fed milk. These studies show that supplementing
formula with AA and DHA from egg phospholipid alters bile metabolism by increasing the bile AA and DHA, and bile acid and
phospholipid. 相似文献
19.
Myelin isolated from the sciatic nerves of chicks by centrifugation on a discontinuous sucrose gradient was found to undergo
marked changes in lipid composition during development from the 18 day embryonic to the adult stage, particularly in the phospholipid
and cerebroside content. Significant changes in the content of individual phospholipids were also noted.
These results represent a portion of a thesis, partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at Dalhousie University. 相似文献
20.
Francis E. Luddy S. F. Herb Paul Magidman Marie Spinelli Aaron E. Wasserman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1970,47(2):65-68
The lipid characteristics of three porcine muscles were investigated. Included in the study were the light and dark portions
of the semitendinosus muscle, the semimembranosus (light) and the quadriceps femoris (dark) muscles. The lipids from the semimembranosus
and the quadriceps femoris muscles were observed to be statistically different. The light muscles were 20% higher in lipid
level and these lipids contained 20% more glycerides and 40% less phospholipids than the dark muscles. The glycerides from
both muscle lipids were identical in fatty acid composition but the phospholipid fatty acids differed significantly. The light
muscle phospholipid fatty acids were higher in monoenes while the dark muscle phospholipids predominated in polyunsaturates.
In the semitendinosus muscle, the light portion was 35% higher in lipid content than the dark portion but the compositions
of the lipids from both areas were similar. When these data were compared to the values for the semimembranosus and the quadriceps
femoris muscle lipids, the lipid characteristics were found to be intermediate of predominantly light or dark muscle lipids.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, New York, October 1968.
E. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献