新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera)叶黄酮类成分研究

此项目研究了新疆野生樱桃李叶乙酸乙酯活性部位中的黄酮类化学成分。采用甲醇浸泡提取野生樱桃李叶,依次采用环己烷、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取其醇提物。乙酸乙酯活性部分采用MCI (Middle Chromatogram Isolated Gel)大孔树脂柱粗分离,后续进一步采用硅胶柱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱,ODS (Octadecyl silane)反向硅胶柱和制备HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离纯化,并根据化合物理化性质和核磁共振波谱(NMR)数据并与相关参考文献比对鉴定化合物结构。从野生樱桃李叶中共分离并鉴定11个黄酮类化合物,分别为:槲皮素-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(1),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(2),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-半乳糖苷(3),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(4),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-木糖苷(6),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7),山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(8),反式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),顺式-二氢山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(11)。所有黄酮类成分均为首次从新疆野生樱桃李叶中分离鉴定,槲皮素和山柰酚糖苷是其主要的黄酮类成分。     

百子菜化学成分的分离与鉴定

从百子菜(Gynura divaricata(L.)DC.)中分离得到9个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(1)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(2)、4-桉叶烯-3α,11-二醇(3)、caryolane-1,9β-dio(l4)、阿魏酸(5)、松脂素-4-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(6)、莨菪亭(7)、姜油酮-4-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(8)和5,5-二甲基-4-羟基-四氢呋喃-2-酮(9)。除化合物2外,其余化合物均首次从该属中分离得到。     

元宝枫种仁70%乙醇提取物的化学成分分析

目的:对新资源食品元宝枫种仁中的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用硅胶、聚酰胺、凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱色谱及重结晶等技术进行分离纯化,综合运用质谱和波谱学方法鉴定化合物结构。结果:从元宝枫种仁70%乙醇溶液提取物中分离鉴定了12种化合物,分别为二氢去氢二愈创木基醇-4'-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、1,2,3,6-四没食子酰基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(2)、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰基-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(3)、槲皮素(4)、山柰酚-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(5)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(7)、槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(8)、阿夫儿茶素(9)、儿茶素(10)、表儿茶素(11)、胡萝卜苷(12)。结论:经Sci Finder检索发现,化合物1~12均为首次从元宝枫种仁中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、9~11为首次从槭树属植物中分离得到。     

黄精中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

从黄精的乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取相中分离到3个甾体皂苷,经1H-NMR13C-NMR、135DEPT测定分析,鉴定出这3个化合物分别是薯蓣皂苷元-3-0-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1-3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃葡萄糖苷,薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-,吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-[α-L-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃葡萄糖苷.其中皂苷I和Ⅲ在黄精中为首次报道.     

南山茶籽中4个多酚化合物的鉴定

为了综合开发利用油茶资源,对南山茶饼乙醇提取物的组分进行制备和鉴定。将经过乙酸乙酯萃取和硅胶柱层析分离纯化收集的XVII、XXVII、XXVIII和XXXIV4个组分进行HPLC制备,得到了5个纯度较高的化合物。化合物4的解析已另文报道,通过波谱分析确定4个化合物分别为:原儿茶酸(化合物1)、芹菜素-6-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(化合物2)、山奈酚3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-3)-2,4-O-乙酰基-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(化合物3)和山奈酚3-O-[α-L-鼠李糖-(1-3)-α-L-鼠李糖-(1-6)]-β-D-葡萄糖甙(化合物5)。对山茶属植物中提取到的化合物3和南山茶中分离到的化合物2和化合物5进行了详细解析,对这3个化合物的~1 H和~(13) C化学位移信号进行了全归属。     

七叶一枝花的化学成分研究

目的研究七叶一枝花Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis(Franch.)Hara的化学成分。方法溶剂提取后,利用正相硅胶色谱,反向制备色谱,ODS柱色谱等手段对该植物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位提取物进行分离与纯化,并通过核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C NMR),核磁共振氢谱(~~1H NMR)和电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)等波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果从乙酸乙酯层和正丁醇层分离得到10个化合物,经分离鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ),槲皮素(Ⅱ),胡萝卜苷(Ⅲ),豆甾醇(Ⅳ),偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ),熊果酸(Ⅵ),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(Ⅶ),葡萄糖(Ⅷ),薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ),山奈酚(Ⅹ)。结论化合物Ⅱ,Ⅹ为种首发,化合物Ⅵ,Ⅷ为属首发。     

加拿大一枝黄花化学成分的研究

目的 分离和鉴定加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis的化学成分.方法 用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为2-羟基-6-甲氧基苯甲酸(Ⅰ).3-甲酰吲哚(Ⅱ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-当归酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅲ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-巴豆酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅳ),α-菠菜甾醇(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)和槲皮素(Ⅶ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ均为首次从该种植物中分离得到.     

加拿大一枝黄花化学成分的研究

目的分离和鉴定加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis的化学成分。方法用色谱技术分离、纯化,通过理化常数和波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果从乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了7个化合物,分别为2-羟基-6-甲氧基苯甲酸(Ⅰ)、3-甲酰吲哚(Ⅱ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-当归酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅲ)、3β,4α-二羟基-6β-巴豆酰-13Z-烯-15,16-克罗烷内酯(Ⅳ)、α-菠菜甾醇(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)和槲皮素(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ～Ⅴ均为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

玉竹化学成分研究

目的 研究黄精属植物玉竹[Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce]的化学成分.方法 用硅胶,Sephadex LH-20,ODS柱层析和制备HPLC等分离纯化,通过波谱及质谱分析鉴定化合物结构.结果 分离得到5种化合物,分别鉴定为N-反式阿魏酸酪酰胺 (N-trans-feruloyl tyramine,Ⅰ),5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural,Ⅱ),(-)-丁香树脂酚[(-)-syringaresinol,Ⅲ],3β,14α-二羟基-(25S)-螺甾烷醇-5-烯[3β,14α-dihydroxy-(25S)-spirost-5-ene,Ⅳ]和β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅴ).结论 化合物Ⅰ系首次从黄精属中分离得到,化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ系首次从玉竹中分离得到.     

新疆药桑叶中黄酮类化合物的分离与鉴定

采用色谱分离技术从药桑叶醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分分离黄酮类化合物,通过核磁共振(NMR)和高效液相-串联质谱(HPLC-MS-MS)鉴定其结构。分离得到四个黄酮类化合物,结构表征为芦丁(1)、槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(2)、金丝桃苷(3)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(4)。其中化合物(3)、(4)首次从新疆药桑叶中分离得到。     

Esters of para-aminobenzoic acid in cosmetics. Identification and dosage within sun-creams

A method is presented for the identification and determination by T.L.C. and G.L.C. of esters of para-aminobenzoic acid with a free amine function and of local anaesthetics, prohibited in cosmetic products, in accordance with the cosmetic directive 76/768/EEC. In a commercial product, nominally supplied as para-aminobenzoic monoglyceryl ester (authorised in sun-creams in accordance with the EEC directive) other phenyl groups with para substitution were identified by means of T.L.C. and N.M.R. spectroscopy; among them, the para-aminobenzoic ethyl ester. G.L.C. enables a quantitative determination of these substances. Les esters de l'acide para-amino benzoique dans les produits cosmétiques. Identification et dosage dans les crémes solaires     

argR基因对钝齿棒杆菌发酵过程中产精氨酸特性的影响

本文测定了一株钝齿棒杆菌（Corynebacterium crenatum）诱变菌和二株基因工程菌发酵过程中产arginine曲线、生长曲线以及发酵液中碳源消耗量和pH值的变化。实验结果显示Arg产量最高的菌株为C．crenatumA．S．M2.sp，其产量达到9mg／ml，据此认为钝齿棒杆菌中的argR基因可能为Arg代谢中的一个正调控因子。     

The distribution of anthocyanins in grape skin extracts of port wine cultivars as determined by high performance liquid chromatography

The distribution of anthocyanins in methanolic skin extracts of 16 grape cultivars used for port wine production and grown at five sites in the Douro Valley in Northern Portugal has been assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Results are confined to the seven most readily separated and identified anthocyanins and are expressed as percentages of their total (88–99% of the total integrated area). Anthocyanins based on malvidin (Mv) predominated. Of these, Mv 3-glucoside was the major pigment (33–60%), being exceeded by Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside (2–51%) in only two cultivars; Mv 3-acetylglucoside (1–15%) was consistently the lowest. Peonidin 3-glucoside (1–27%) was prominent in four cultivars, but delphinidin 3-glucoside (1–11%), petunidin 3-glucoside (2–11%) and cyanidin 3-glucoside (trace-6%) were of low proportions throughout. The ratio Mv 3-acetylglucoside/total Mv glucosides appeared characteristic of cultivar, independent of site, and a useful aid to identification of grape cultivars. The coloured pulp of some cultivars contained peonidin 3-glucoside as a major component, present in greater proportions than in the skin; the percentage of Mv 3-p-coumarylglucoside was lower in pulp than in skin. The identities of six of the seven anthocyanins were confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and the structures of the Mv derivatives were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. The formation of formyl and acetyl anthocyanin artefacts is described.     

The saponin content and sapogenol composition of the seed of 13 varieties of legume

The total saponin content of various legume seeds together with their sapogenol composition have been determined. Extraction of the defatted flours was effected with methanol and subsequent acid hydrolysis yielded the soyasapogenols which were analysed using gas and thin-layer chromatography. The saponin levels ranged from 0–0.65% for defatted seed while the major sapogenol present in these saponins was soyasapogenol B. The figures obtained are compared with those previously reported and reasons are suggested for the discrepancies.     

The determination of bitter principles in zucchinis

A method using reverse phase thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the level of the bitter principle occasionally found in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). The system gave excellent separation with recovery rates of about 90% from spiked fruit. The bitter principle was confirmed by C¹³ NMR and mass spectrometry as cucurbitacin E glycoside which was present in concentrations in the order of 600mg kg^?1 in bitter fruits. Bitterness was detected by a taste panel at cucurbitacin E glycoside concentrations of 1 mg kg^?1 in aqueous solutions and 2 mg kg^?1 in zucchini pulp. The method described should assist the screening for bitterness in commercial and breeding populations of zucchini.     

设施栽培条件下葡萄光合特性初探

利用电子光合测定仪，对设施栽培条件下“乍娜”、“凤凰５１”品种的光合特性进行研究，结果表明葡萄光合日变化呈明显的双峰型，两品种光合峰值及光合低谷期长短有明显不同。在华北地区，影响设施内葡萄光合效率的主要生态因素是ＣＯ２浓度和水分状况，尤其是设施内相对湿度和光合效率有明显相关。     

利用SDS-PAGE电泳对啤酒生产过程中蛋白质动态变化的研究

采用SDS -PAGE电泳,对青岛啤酒酿造过程中的可溶性蛋白质变化进行了动态的跟踪。发现制麦和糖化过程是蛋白变化最明显的阶段,蛋白的分布和含量整体呈下降趋势。啤酒和啤酒泡沫中蛋白的分布较接近,主要表现为4 .3万的窄带和0 .7- 1.4万的宽带电泳图谱分布。     

Wine phenolics—analysis of low molecular weight components by high performance liquid chromatography

Low molecular weight phenolic compounds were separated by high performance liquid chromatography on hydrocarbon-bonded reverse phase packings, with a water-methanol elution gradient. Phenolic compounds were extracted from wine with ethyl acetate. A first extraction at pH 7 enabled isolation of neutral molecules (catechins, procyanidins, flavonols, aromatic alcohols); a second extraction at pH 2 was performed to extract phenolic acids. Successive injections of these two extracts in the chromatograph gave the distribution of the different phenolic compounds in the wine under analysis. Analytical data are given for low molecular weight phenolic compounds present in young red Bordeaux wines from different vine cultivars.     

Presence of quercetin-3-O-glucuronoside in Spanish table wines

Quercetin-3-O-glucuronoside has been identified in several Spanish table wines by thin-layer (t.l.c.) and high-performance liquid (h.p.l.c.) chromatographic methods. This is thought to be the first report of its occurrence in wine.