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The diversity of fish species found in warmwater stream systems provides a perplexing challenge when selecting species for assessment of instream flow needs from physical habitat analyses. In this paper we examined the feasibility of developing habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for the entire fish community of a warmwater stream using habitat guilds. Each species was placed a priori into a guild structure and habitat data were collected for depth, velocity, Froude number, distance to cover, embeddedness and dominant and subdominant substrate. Correct guild classification was tested with linear discriminant analysis for each species. Correct classification based on habitat‐use data was highest for riffle and pool‐cover guilds, whereas the fast‐generalist and pool‐run classes, the broader niche guilds, were more frequently misclassified. Variables most important for discriminating guilds were Froude number, velocity and depth in that order. Nonparametric tolerance limits were used to develop guild suitability criteria for continuous variables and the Strauss linear index was used for categorical variables. We recommend the use of a wide array of variables to establish more accurate habitat analysis. Additionally, guild HSC can be developed with similar effort to that needed to develop HSC for a small number of individual species. Results indicate that a habitat guild structure can be successfully transferred to another river basin and that habitats for a diverse fish assemblage can be adequately described by a small number of habitat guilds. This approach represents an alternative for incorporating entire fish assemblages into habitat analyses of warmwater stream systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于黄河鲤栖息地水文-生态响应关系的黄河下游生态流量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用野外生物监测、栖息地同步观测和实验室控制实验等技术手段,应用生物学、鱼类生态学、生态水力学、水文学等多学科理论,基于河流栖息地模拟法,研究了黄河下游指示物种黄河鲤生态学特性及其栖息生境与流速、水深、水温等水文水环境因子之间的关系,将径流条件与目标物种不同生长阶段生物学信息相结合,建立了代表物种繁殖期、越冬期栖息地适宜度指数,构建了黄河下游重点河段河流栖息地模型,建立了指示物种栖息地状况与河川径流条件定量响应关系,提出黄河下游花园口和利津断面繁殖期最小生态流量为300 m3/s和100 m3/s、适宜生态流量为600～700 m3/s和190～250 m3/s。该研究在水生生物习性及其与河川径流响应关系方面实现突破,解决了黄河生态需水研究中关键技术问题。 相似文献
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澜沧江中游河段中国结鱼栖息地模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了定量化评估和预测不同水库流量下泄情况对生物栖息地变化的影响,选取澜沧江特有的经济鱼类——中国结鱼作为指示物种,构建栖息地模型模拟其适宜的生境范围。根据成鱼生活习性和产卵行为等关键因子建立栖息地适宜度评价指标(HSI),通过耦合一维水动力模型和HSI建立中国结鱼栖息地模型。基于模型模拟结果,得到成鱼加权可用面积(WUA_d)和产卵加权可用面积(WUA_s),并运用Mann-Kendall测试分析漫湾大坝建设前后WUA_s和WUA_d的变化趋势。结果表明:漫湾大坝建设期和运行期WUA_s和WUA_d分别发生突变。对中国结鱼的产卵场(WUA_s)而言,大坝对最低和中等级别的栖息地有显著影响,对最优级别的栖息地影响较小;对中国结鱼的成鱼(WUA_d)而言,大坝降低了中等和最优的WUA_d。产卵所需的最佳流量(2 200～3 200 m~3/s)大于成鱼生存所要求的最佳流量(510～760 m~3/s),因此为了给不同时期的鱼类提供适宜的生境,应尽量保持流量的多样性。 相似文献
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We developed two‐dimensional computational fluid hydraulics–habitat suitability index (CFD–HSI) models to identify and qualitatively assess potential zones of shallow water depth and high water velocity that may present passage challenges for five major anadromous fish species in a 2.63‐km reach of the main stem Penobscot River, Maine, as a result of a dam removal downstream of the reach. Suitability parameters were based on distribution of fish lengths and body depths and transformed to cruising, maximum sustained and sprint swimming speeds. Zones of potential depth and velocity challenges were calculated based on the hydraulic models; ability of fish to pass a challenge zone was based on the percent of river channel that the contiguous zone spanned and its maximum along‐current length. Three river flows (low: 99.1 m3 sec‐1; normal: 344.9 m3 sec‐1; and high:792.9 m3 sec‐1) were modelled to simulate existing hydraulic conditions and hydraulic conditions simulating removal of a dam at the downstream boundary of the reach. Potential depth challenge zones were nonexistent for all low‐flow simulations of existing conditions for deeper‐bodied fishes. Increasing flows for existing conditions and removal of the dam under all flow conditions increased the number and size of potential velocity challenge zones, with the effects of zones being more pronounced for smaller species. The two‐dimensional CFD–HSI model has utility in demonstrating gross effects of flow and hydraulic alteration, but may not be as precise a predictive tool as a three‐dimensional model. Passability of the potential challenge zones cannot be precisely quantified for two‐dimensional or three‐dimensional models due to untested assumptions and incomplete data on fish swimming performance and behaviours. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
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考虑水生生物生境需求的物理栖息地模型被认为是评估河流流量变化对水生态系统影响的最可信的方法之一。本研究选取长江干流含有河漫滩的监利江段为实例,建立底栖动物各类群的物理栖息地模型,计算变化流量下栖息地适宜面积的时间序列,并据此进行生态流量决策。结果显示长江中游底栖动物最敏感的环境参数是流速,适宜范围为0～0.2 m/s;其次是水深,适宜范围为0～6 m。在考虑敏感环境参数的前提下,得出监利江段底栖动物的最佳生态流量为20 000 m3/s。三峡大坝蓄水后枯水期和平水期底栖动物适宜面积的低值部分减小,丰水期适宜面积增加。为了保护底栖动物栖息地,建议三峡大坝在防洪蓄水的同时能兼顾底栖动物的生态流量需求,调节枯水期和平水期的流量,让监利江段接近4000 m3/s,丰水期接近20 000 m3/s。在枯水年增大枯水期和平水期的流量,平水年增大枯水期的流量,丰水年减少丰水期的流量。本研究方法可以供长江其他河段目标物种的生态流量决策和生态修复方案设计参考。 相似文献
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Past and current pressure on streams and rivers for consumptive use requires the development of tools and decision‐making processes for water managers to minimize impacts on ecological function. This paper examines the utility of modeling benthic biomass in relation to benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) community attributes for water resource management scenarios in the Cliff‐Gila Valley of the Gila River, New Mexico, USA. The river benthos biomass model (RivBio) was used in conjunction with hydraulic modeling to predict growth and decline of benthic biomass. BMI community attributes were compared along gradients of hydrologic impact (successive existing diversions) in the Cliff Gila Valley and were compared to community attributes in similar regional streams. Benthic biomass was minimally affected by proposed diversions at flows above 4.25 cms (150 cfs), but was severely reduced downstream because of existing diversions during lower flow periods. Riffle habitat was disproportionately affected during extreme low and interrupted flow, which may have resulted in BMI communities shifted towards multi‐habitat generalists that can persist in lentic conditions. Flow augmentation from proposed diversions and storage would greatly mitigate these existing biomass losses by providing consistent base flow and lotic conditions in riffle habitat. Both benthic biomass and BMI community endpoints were useful when comparing water management scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Predictions of habitat‐based assessment methods that are used to determine instream flow requirements for aquatic biota are uncertain, but instream flow practitioners and managers often ignore those uncertainties. Two commonly recognized uncertainties arise from (i) estimating the way in which physical habitat within a river changes with discharge and (ii) the suitability of certain types of physical habitat for organisms. We explored how these sources of uncertainty affect confidence in the results of the British Columbia Instream Flow Methodology (BCIFM), which is a commonly used transect‐based habitat assessment tool for small‐scale water diversions. We calculated the chance of different magnitudes of habitat loss resulting from water diversion using a high‐gradient reach of the North Alouette River, BC, as a case study. We found that uncertainty in habitat suitability indices for juvenile rainbow trout generally dominated uncertainty in the results of the BCIFM when large (>15) numbers of transects were used. In contrast, with small numbers of transects, variation in physical habitat among sampled transects was the major source of uncertainty in the results of the BCIFM. Presentations of results of the BCIFM in terms of probabilities of different amounts of habitat loss for a given flow can help managers prescribe instream flow requirements based on their risk tolerance for fish habitat loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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指示物种的选取是栖息地模拟中的关键一环,为了选取澜沧江流域的指示物种,以澜沧江中游漫湾大坝为例,通过调查大坝建设前后的水生生态系统和鱼类资源,建立ESHIPPO-PPm模型,评估澜沧江流域四种特有鱼类(中国结鱼Tor sinensis、红鳍方口鲃Cosmochiluscardinalis、宽头华鲮Sinilabeolaticeps、云南裂腹鱼Schizothoraxyunnanensis)的灭绝风险,并根据调查和风险分析结果选取该地区的指示鱼种。结果表明:根据生态适宜(ES)与HIPPO系统因子的得分,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃的生态适宜性最好,宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的生态适宜性居中;宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的灭绝风险适中,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃处于灭绝风险临界值。按照保护优先级(PP)物种得分高低依次为:红鳍方口鲃(76)中国结鱼(74,风险水平显著)宽头华鲮(62)云南裂腹鱼(60)。中国结鱼是澜沧江流域特有的经济鱼类,种群数量大,易捕获,养殖成本低,对环境的敏感性较高,是该区域生境质量变化较好的鱼类指示物种。 相似文献
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为分析淮河流域环境流要素的变化趋势及其对洪泽湖鱼类栖息地的生态影响,以淮河中下游河段为研究区,采用IHA法,将蚌埠水文站1950—2015年径流序列划分为2002年蚌埠闸扩建前后两个时期,采用5种流量事件筛选出32种环境流评价指标,分析了水文变异条件下5种环境事件的生态效应;以鳜鱼为洪泽湖指示鱼类,综合考虑栖息地限制因子,运用PHABSIM模型得到栖息地加权可利用面积-流量曲线,计算了鳜鱼产卵期的生态流量。结果表明:淮河中下游环境流组成趋于单一化,大洪水事件减少,枯水流量增大,高脉冲流量持续时间缩短,出现次数增加,对下游生态环境不利;洪泽湖鳜鱼4—6月产卵期的最小生态流量为300 m~3/s,适宜生态流量为550 m~3/s;需合理调控环境流,增加鱼类补充和物质循环,并采取湖泊生态修复等措施,维持洪泽湖的生态平衡。 相似文献
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We evaluated the effects of streamflow‐related changes in channel shape and morphology on the quality, quantity, availability and spatial distribution of young‐of‐year and adult smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu habitat in an alluvial stream, the Baron Fork of the Illinois River, Oklahoma. We developed Habitat Suitability Criteria (HSC) for young‐of‐year and adult smallmouth bass to assess changes in available smallmouth bass habitat between years, and compare predicted smallmouth bass Weighted Usable Area (WUA) with observed WUA measured the following year. Following flood events between 1999 and 2000, including a record flood, changes in transect cross‐sectional area ranged from 62.5% to 93.5% and channel mesohabitat overlap ranged from 29.5% to 67.0% in study three study reaches. Using Physical HABitat SIMulation (PHABSIM) system analysis, we found that both young‐of‐year and adult smallmouth bass habitat were differentially affected by intra‐ and inter‐annual streamflow fluctuations. Maximum WUA for young‐of‐year and adults occurred at streamflows of 1.8 and 2.3 m3 s?1, respectively, and WUA declined sharply for both groups at lower streamflows. For most microhabitat variables, habitat availability was similar between years. Habitat suitability criteria developed in 1999 corresponded well with observed fish locations in 2000 for adult smallmouth bass but not for young‐of‐year fish. Our findings suggest that annual variation in habitat availability affects the predictive ability of habitat models for young‐of‐year smallmouth bass more than for adult smallmouth bass. Furthermore, our results showed that despite the dynamic nature of the gravel‐dominated, alluvial Baron Fork, HSC for smallmouth bass were consistent and transferable between years. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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通过模糊逻辑的方法建立了雅砻江裂腹鱼幼鱼时期的生境适宜度指数模型。根据野外调查和室内实验结果,结合有经验的鱼类学专家的模糊知识建立了关于生境因子和幼鱼生境适宜度模糊集合的隶属度函数和模糊推理规则。模糊集合根据水温、流速和溶解氧3个变量因子,以“if-then”的规则语句实现了生境特性和适宜度的联系。根据模型分析,得出溶解氧是裂腹鱼幼鱼重要的生境因子,其次是温度和流速。单因子变化引起的相对极端环境对鱼类适宜度有显著影响。裂腹鱼对水温、溶解氧和流速的最适范围分别为11 ℃~19 ℃,5.75~10 mg/L和0.1~0.65 m/s。 相似文献
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Steven F. Railsback 《河流研究与利用》2023,39(5):987-992
This paper discusses why and how to use ecologically appropriate spatial resolutions (e.g., cell size or range of cell sizes) when modeling instream flow effects on aquatic animals. Resolution is important because relations between habitat and animal habitat use vary with spatial resolution, and different habitat variables may best predict habitat use at different resolutions. Using appropriate resolutions consistently would bring clarity and coherence to how we quantify and model habitat characteristics and habitat use by fish, facilitate the use of standard and more credible measures of habitat preference, incorporate more fisheries knowledge to improve models for different kinds of fish, and avoid well-known (and perhaps unknown) biases. Doing so involves describing habitat, and habitat use by fish, with spatially explicit measures with clear resolutions; using the same resolution for physical habitat and fish habitat use; selecting that resolution for ecological reasons; and using habitat variables and fish observation methods appropriate for the resolution. The choice of resolution considers factors such as how much space fish use for specific activities and the size of important habitat patches. For drift-feeders, cell sizes and fish habitat use observations should use a resolution no smaller than feeding territories. Piscivores typically hunt over large areas so should be modeled with larger habitat units. Models of small and less-mobile organisms (e.g., benthic invertivores) may need fine resolutions to capture the small areas of unusual habitat they depend on. Because of such differences, instream flow studies (like any spatial ecology exercise) should clearly state what resolution(s) they use and why. 相似文献
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Eliza Khwairakpam Bhawna Dhawan Kuppusamy Sivakumar Jeyaraj Antony Johnson 《河流研究与利用》2023,39(2):189-199
Water quality plays a vital role in the sustenance of aquatic life, including fish. Therefore, an inclusive understanding of water quality parameters can be considered an essential step in framing the conservation and management strategy of an aquatic ecosystem. This study examines the habitat suitability of a conservation-significant fish, the Tor putitora, and two associated fishes, the Labeo dyocheilus and the Garra gotyla, in relation to the water quality parameters of the Kosi River. Four crucial water quality parameters, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, and pH, were included in the QUAL2K modeling. Furthermore, hydrological processes were modeled using the soil and water assessment tool, and flow was used as an input in the QUAL2K model. The simulated water quality was correlated with fish habitat and analyzed through the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Results suggested that the habitats of the Kosi were more suitable in the post-monsoon rather than pre-monsoon. Tor putitora, the flagship species of the Kosi, preferred the river habitats with a lower water temperature and higher dissolved oxygen for spawning. Thus, we recommend securing such habitats and managing them in collaboration with local communities for the long-term conservation of this endangered Himalayan species. 相似文献
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The Physical Habitat Simulation System (PHABSIM) still probably remains as the most widespread habitat method used to establish inflow standards or to link habitat temporal variations with fish population dynamics. However, statistical uncertainties around the PHABSIM main output, the weighted usable area (WUA) over discharge curves, are usually ignored. Here, we assess the uncertainty in WUA curves and derived habitat duration curves induced by the variability around the PHABSIM biological model, the habitat suitability criteria, using brown trout Salmo trutta as the model species. Bootstrap analyses showed that the uncertainty around the WUA curves was rather high when bootstrap sample (BS) size was low and differed among age classes, being generally lower for young‐of‐the‐year (YOY). Width of 95% confidence intervals for maximum WUA magnitude increased with decreasing BS size, ranging from 19.3% for YOY trout at the largest BS size (40 transects, 270 habitat use observations) to 146% for juveniles at the smallest BS size (nine transects, 60 habitat use observations). The uncertainty arose primarily from the construction of the channel index variable. Nevertheless, results showed that the uncertainty in WUA values could be reduced down to acceptable levels by using general functional channel index categories. Likewise, the shape of WUA curves was also highly variable when BS was small. These patterns resulted in habitat duration curves being highly uncertain, much more in their amplitude than in their shape. Uncertainty about the flows corresponding to different habitat exceedance values increased with decreasing probability of exceedance. Width of peak flow confidence intervals ranged from 3.3% for YOY trout at the largest BS size to 226% for adults at the smallest BS size. Yet such levels of uncertainty do not necessarily entail critical errors in the decision‐making process because large variability in flow peak does not necessarily lead to large variability in WUA magnitude. 相似文献
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针对罗梭江替代生境适宜度及影响因素尚缺乏定量分析的问题,选取澜沧江干流特有经济鱼类中国结鱼(Tor sinensis)为目标物种,基于河流内流量增加法(IFIM),结合二维水动力模型和鱼类栖息地适宜性曲线,建立了罗梭江典型鱼类的栖息地评价模型,分析了替代生境适宜度及其影响因子。结果表明:罗梭江作为澜沧江最大支流,能为中国结鱼提供良好产卵场,产卵场在丰水期(7—9月)数量和质量较优,高质量产卵场主要分布于河流蜿蜒处;罗梭江不适宜成鱼全年栖息,尤其在枯水期(2—4月),成鱼产卵及育肥适宜度最差。在罗梭江替代生境后期管理中,建议优先加强对河流弯道处的生境保护及捕捞管理,同时重视其关联干流的生态保护。 相似文献
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雅砻江整江水电开发由雅砻江流域水电开发公司全权负责,因而可以做到在水电开发科学、有序、和谐的同时统筹规划采取环保措施,保护河流生态环境。针对雅砻江鱼类的分布特点、生活习性,雅砻江水电开发公司制定并实施了综合保护措施以将水电开发对鱼类资源的影响降低到最小,主要措施包括:建立鱼类自然保护区、大坝分层取水、生态流量下泄、鱼类栖息地修复、过鱼设施建设、鱼类增殖站建设等。鱼类保护设施建成运行后,为了检验鱼类保护效果,进行了实地调查分析。调查结果表明,鱼类保护设施的修建和运行取得了较好的效果。在总结鱼类保护设施建设、运行经验的基础上,提出了相关建议,以利于今后工作的改进。 相似文献
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Habitat associations of upper Volga river fishes are defined within a cycle of spawning, feeding and overwintering migrations. The migration cycles of resident riverine fishes are categorized as obligate rheophils, limno-rheophils and limnophils. Forty-four fish species in 14 families occurred in the upper Volga River before regulation. Four mainstem reservoirs were constructed on the upper Volga between 1937 and 1957: Ivankovo, Uglich, Rybinsk and Gorky. They are maintained in a stage of delayed and sustained annual flood pulse. Additional impacts of reservoir construction include the creation of a new pelagic habitat, replacement of floodplains by lacustrine littoral and sublittoral habitats, creation of a complex bathyal habitat from former river channels and replacement of riverine flow patterns by pelagic water mass circulations. Populations of rheophilic species declined, while a new pelagophilic fish guild developed. Forty-six fish species are now present; seven species were lost and nine introduced after impoundment. Spawning, feeding and wintering habitats are outlined for reservoir guilds. Ichthyomass increased three to four times following reservoir construction and commercial fish harvest from Rybinsk Reservoir between 1945 and 1992 ranged from 2220 to 4304 t/y. Reservoirs of the upper Volga have limited bioproductivity due to a deficiency and uneven distribution of reproductive habitats, decreasing bottom irregularity, seasonal anomalies of flooding and draining of the littoral and sublittoral and underestimating the importance of tributaries. Lack of littoral reproductive habitat can be remedied by increasing the area of protected littoral through the construction of chains of small islands, diking and reclamation of bogged areas. Improved reproduction of migrating local stocks can be achieved by removing sand bars across tributary mouths, construction of artificial spawning grounds and restoration and preservation of preferred habitats in the main channel. 相似文献
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H. Eve Robinson Mark J. Henderson Russell W. Perry Damon H. Goodman Nicholas A. Som 《河流研究与利用》2022,38(1):119-130
Worldwide, many productive rivers are dam-regulated and rely on flow management strategies that must balance support of ecological processes with human water use. One component of evaluating this balance is to understand ecological consequences of alternative flow management strategies, which has often been accomplished by coupling population dynamics models with models that relate streamflow to habitat availability and quality. Numerous methods assign habitat availability to locations within a river basin: These include fine-scale field-measured values that are extrapolated to other locations within the basin having similar physical characteristics or equation-driven values created by functions of model-predicted values of physical characteristics. The array of options for creating habitat models is evolving rapidly as high-resolution remote-sensing data becomes more accessible and computational capacity improves. Our objective was to identify trade-offs among approaches that assign habitat relationships to large rivers and to create a decision support tool to supplement choices of extent and granularity. Using a selection of case studies that represent a breadth of scales and diverse trade-offs, we demonstrate the need for a transparent process of data evaluation and assessment to determine the appropriate fit for model scope or context that best supports management needs and recognize sources of uncertainty. The structured approach proposed here aims at improving future model development and refine population dynamics models that inform the management of rivers. 相似文献