脉冲多普勒雷达信号处理机中CFAR检测的仿真研究

CFAR检测器是雷达信号处理机中的重要组成部分。本文对脉冲多普勒雷达信号处理机中的CFAR检测器进行了仿真研究。给出了信号处理机中CFAR检测器的设计方案,对邻近单元平均恒虚警处理中的虚警概率、发现概率和恒虚警处理损失等问题进行了研究。分析了有限的参考单元数对虚警性能的影响,并给出了修正的门限系数。得出了不同参考单元数下的恒虚警损失,及恒虚警损失与相对门限系数之间的关系。得到了一定发现概率下所要求的信号处理机的输入信噪比。研究了信号处理机中其它部分对恒虚警处理性能的影响,如脉冲压缩对虚警率的影响等。     

一种基于知识辅助的CFAR检测器

针对单元平均恒虚警率（CA CFAR）检测器存在的杂波边缘效应问题,研究了一种基于知识辅助的CFAR检测器,该检测器由两部分组成：数据选择器和传统的CA CFAR检测器。数据选择器利用GIS提供的先验信息对参考单元进行筛选,尽可能地选择与待检单元（CUT）地貌相同的训练样本,也就是说选择相对CUT为均匀的参考单元,级联的CA CFAR完成检测判决。最后,通过IPIX雷达实测数据,从虚警个数和检测两个方面与传统的CFAR检测器进行了详细的比较。仿真结果表明,基于知识辅助的CFAR检测器具有更优的性能。     

CFAR处理中检测门限系数的研究

雷达系统在进行恒虚警处理时,通常采用的参考单元数是有限的。此时若采用理论的检测门限,将使虚警率大大增加。本文中我们通过仿真的方法确定CFAR中的实际门限系数,研究有限的参考单元数对虚警性能的影响。给出邻近单元平均恒虚警,选大恒虚警,选小恒虚警与加权单元平均恒虚警等四种检测器在不同参考单元数下的门限系数值。同时得出了不同恒虚警率下的门限系数。     

伪码FFT快捕恒虚警门限的研究

FFT捕获是伪码快速捕获的主要方式,伪随机码FFT快捕属于二元信号检测。通过相关输出最大相关值和门限比较来搜索伪码相位,这种情况下虚警捕获门限不能根据每个随机变量的分布来确定,而要根据最大值分布来确定门限。针对这一问题,推导了包络检波和平方检波伪随机码频域快捕恒虚警门限,并进行了仿真,验证了结论的正确性。     

量化秩非参数CFAR检测器在杂波边缘中的性能分析

人们常用均匀背景、多目标和杂波边缘3种典型背景来衡量雷达目标检测器的性能,但在现有文献中缺乏量化秩（Rank Quantization,RQ）非参数检测器在杂波边缘中虚警概率的理论模型,缺乏RQ非参数检测器与经典的参量型检测器在杂波边缘中虚警控制能力的比较.本文给出了RQ检测器在杂波边缘中虚警概率的解析表达式,并比较了它与非相干积累CA （Cell Averaging）,GO （Greatest Of）,OS （Ordered Statistic）恒虚警方法在杂波边缘中的虚警控制能力.可以看出,采用高秩量化门限的RQ检测器的虚警控制能力要优于低秩量化门限的情况,在瑞利分布杂波边缘情况下,RQ检测器的虚警控制能力与非相干积累OS方法接近.但是当强杂波变为长拖尾分布的非高斯杂波时,非相干积累CA,GO和OS参量型检测方法的虚警概率产生了3个数量级以上的上升,且不能降回到原始设定的虚警概率.而RQ检测器显示出了非参量检测器的优势,即当杂波背景的分布类型发生变化后,它仍然可以保持虚警概率的恒定.     

Robust Centralized CFAR Detection for Multistatic Sonar Systems

This paper proposes a novel centralized Constant false alarm ratio (CFAR) detector for multistatic sonar systems. The detector employs the idea of Variability index (VI) CFAR detection, to adaptively select the matched detection algorithm in diversified undersea environments. All the echo data from mutistatic sonar receivers are transmitted into the centralized fusion center. Firstly, the background statistics of reference cells from different nodes are analyzed. Then choose one appropriate centralized detection algorithm according to the background statistics, which refers to the centralized Cell averaging CFAR (CA-CFAR), greatest of CFAR, order statistic CFAR detection algorithms. The performance of the proposed detector is analyzed by computer simulation and measured sonar data. The results show that, compared to the centralized CA-CFAR detector, the introduced centralized detector achieves a better robustness in multiply heterogeneous undersea environments.     

Invariant Gauss-Gauss detection

The detection of information-bearing Gaussian processes immersed in additive white Gaussian noise (WGN) is an important problem that arises in many signal processing applications. When the level of the WGN is unknown, classical approaches to the problem fail. In this paper a principle of invariance is used to derive a detector with performance that is invariant (or insensitive) to system gain, or equivalently channel attenuation. The detector structure can be realized and detection thresholds set without prior knowledge of the WGN level. When the observation interval is large the detector has the structure of a spectral estimator-correlator, the output of which is compared to an adaptive threshold. The invariance feature of the detector makes it a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) receiver; an ad hoc structure for suboptimal CFAR Gauss-Gauss detection is discussed as well.     

一种基于自动删除算法的PN码捕获技术研究

针对多径干扰对频率选择性信道下伪码捕获性能的影响,提出了一种基于自动删除算法的PN码捕获方法。该串行相关捕获系统通过一个基于排序数据方差的自动删除单元平均恒虚警检测器来删除参考滑窗中的干扰样本,并且不需要多径干扰数目的先验信息。对系统的平均捕获时间及检测性能进行了计算与仿真,与传统的自适应捕获方法相比,改进后捕获算法的性能得到较大的改善。     

一种新颖的前沿检测接收机的设计

针对当前前沿检测接收机存在着虚警概率大的不足,设计了一种新颖的前沿检测接收机.通过采用隧道二极管门限检测器、回波信号多通道分时处理和可编程逻辑器件内引入延时的方法,使其实现了高灵敏度、恒虚警检测和消除近区响应.设计的接收机简单、可靠、易行,对提升同类接收机性能有一定的借鉴作用.     

分布式目标的子空间双门限GLRT CFAR检测

 研究了分布式目标在球不变随机变量杂波中的检测问题,提出了一种具有恒虚警特性的双门限广义似然比检测器。分布式目标建模为子空间信号,在距离维和多普勒频率维同时扩展.第一门限的作用是筛选信杂比高的待检测距离单元.将选出的距离单元进行能量积累并与第二门限进行比较做出判决.假设杂波协方差矩阵已知,构造了双门限检测器,并通过推导检测器虚警概率说明其具有恒虚警特性.将基于辅助通道数据的杂波协方差矩阵的估计值替换假设已知的杂波协方差矩阵,得到一个自适应检测器.通过Monte Carlo仿真进行性能分析,说明检测器的有效性和鲁棒性.     

基于雷达知识库的知识辅助恒虚警检测算法

在非均匀杂波背景下,传统的恒虚警检测算法,比如CA鄄CFAR,所选择的参考单元与待检测单元往往无法满足独立同分布的条件,导致背景杂波功率水平的估计值存在偏差,使得检测性能降低。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种基于雷达知识库的知识辅助恒虚警检测算法。首先,利用雷达环境知识来构建动态的雷达知识库;然后,利用雷达知识库中的先验信息来辅助参考单元的选择,提高背景杂波功率水平的估计准确性,从而降低非均匀背景带来的影响;最后,利用线性调频连续波雷达采集的实测数据对该算法性能进行了验证。结果表明:在非均匀杂波环境下,基于雷达知识库的知识辅助恒虚警检测算法比传统算法有更好的检测性能。     

雷达杂波环境恒虚警率处理的实现

恒虚警率检测器是雷达信号处理机中的重要组成部分.对雷达自动检测和恒虚警率处理方法进行了综述,讨论了瑞利分布杂波背景中雷达目标恒虚警检测的原理,阐述了实现杂波背景中雷达目标恒虚警检测的方法.     

基于Duffing振子的机场异物自动判决算法

基于毫米波雷达的机场异物(FOD)检测技术具有高分辨率和低功耗的特点,但是传统恒虚警(CFAR)类检测算法在低信杂比(SCR)情况下虚警过高。该文提出一种基于Duffing振子的FOD检测算法。该算法首先利用杂波图CFAR检测算法将雷达接收机接收回波中的背景杂波初步分离,获得目标(包含虚警)的距离信息,并利用该信息构造Duffing方程,之后将此方程作为系统检测模型,输入接收回波信号,求解输出信号方差,采用方差极值法区分目标和虚警。仿真结果表明,在低信杂比情况下,即使虚警概率为10^–3,该文检测算法也可以降低虚警率,实现目标与虚警的自动判决。与传统CFAR检测算法相比,该算法的检测概率高于传统检测算法且随信杂比的下降减小速度缓慢,即使在信杂比–30 dB的情况下所提算法仍然可以保持84%的检测概率。     

一种CFAR检测雷达的可控干扰新方法

针对目前常见恒虚警（CFAR）检测雷达干扰方法所产生干扰效果单一的问题,提出一种基于多相位分段调制的干扰方法。对该方法的基本原理进行说明,推导干扰信号的脉压输出结果,基于单元平均恒虚警检测方法,分析了该方法对CFAR检测雷达的干扰效果。最后进行仿真与分析,说明该干扰不仅可以形成压制干扰,还能够形成假目标欺骗干扰,并且通过对分路数、调制相位数以及调制相位值三个参数的变化,可以实现对假目标数与假目标幅值的控制,是一种灵活可控的干扰方法。     

适用于子空间信号失配的参数可调多通道自适应检测器

针对存在信号失配时的子空间信号检测问题,该文提出一种具有恒虚警特性的参数可调检测器。根据系统设计需要,通过调节参数,参数可调检测器可实现对失配信号的灵活检测。与现有检测器相比,当不存在信号失配时,提出的可调检测器能提供更高的检测概率。该文推导了可调检测器解析的检测概率和虚警概率,并通过蒙特卡洛仿真进行了验证。     

Robust radar detection of CA, GO and SO CFAR in Pearson measurements based on a non linear compression procedure for clutter reduction

This paper deals with the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) radar detection of targets embedded in Pearson distributed clutter. We develop new CFAR detection algorithms-notably cell averaging (CA), greatest of selection (GO) and smallest of selection SO-CFAR operating in Pearson measurements based on a non-linear compression method for spiky clutter reduction. The technique is similar to that used in non uniform quantization where a different law is used. It consists of compressing the output square law detector noisy signal with respect to a non-linear law in order to reduce the effect of impulsive noise level. Thus, it can be used as a pre-processing step to improve the performance of automatic target detection especially in lower generalised signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR). The performance characteristics of the proposed CFAR detectors are presented for different values of the compression parameter. We demonstrate, via simulation results, that the pre-processed compression procedure is computationally efficient and can significantly enhance detection performance.     

基于GIS信息的CFAR检测器

在雷达信号检测过程中,为了实现恒虚警处理,必须采用动态门限。恒虚警检测器的门限设置通常是利用待检测单元附近的距离单元杂波数据进行计算得到的。然而,杂波环境的非均匀性导致了杂波功率随着距离变化剧烈,常规的恒虚警检测器性能会显著下降。文中给出了基于地理信息系统的恒虚警检测算法,利用对杂波环境的了解程度,可以显著提高CFAR检测器的性能。利用IPIX雷达实测数据,验证了该算法性能优于常规的其他CFAR处理器。     

A robust auto‐adaptive approach for serial acquisition of generalized multi‐carrier spread spectrum in multipath fading mobile channels

In this paper, a new robust auto‐adaptive approach for pseudo‐noise (PN) code acquisition is proposed. It is applied to the generalized multi‐carrier direct‐sequence code‐division multiple‐access (MC DS‐CDMA) systems communicating over frequency‐selective multipath Rayleigh fading channels. This new approach is based on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm, referred here as automatic selection partial sum ordered statistics (ASPSOS)‐CFAR. The proposed approach does not require any prior information about the background environment and uses maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to detect the interfering signals group in the ranked cells for the full reference window. Once this group is identified and censored, the remaining smaller ranked cells are combined to form an estimate of the background noise level to compute the adaptive threshold. Through simulations, the performance of the proposed detector is analyzed and compared with traditional CFAR detectors based on fixed or automatic censoring algorithms. The obtained results show that the proposed detector eliminates the drawbacks of the previously related detectors and offers a robust detection performance to enhance the acquisition process in heterogeneous background environments.     

A CFAR adaptive subspace detector for second-order Gaussian signals

We study the problem of detecting subspace signals described by the Second-Order Gaussian (SOG) model in the presence of noise whose covariance structure and level are both unknown. Such a detection problem is often called Gauss-Gauss problem in that both the signal and the noise are assumed to have Gaussian distributions. We propose adaptive detectors for the SOG model signals based on a single observation and multiple observations. With a single observation, the detector can be derived in a manner similar to that of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), but the unknown covariance structure is replaced by sample covariance matrix based on training data. The proposed detectors are constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors. As a comparison, we also derive adaptive detectors for the First-Order Gaussian (FOG) model based on multiple observations under the same noise condition as for the SOG model. With a single observation, the seemingly ad hoc CFAR detector for the SOG model is a true GLRT in that it has the same form as the GLRT CFAR detector for the FOG model. We give an approximate closed form of the probability of detection and false alarm in this case. Furthermore, we study the proposed CFAR detectors and compute the performance curves.     

Performance Analysis of the Clutter Map CFAR Detector with Noncoherent Integration

Nitzberg has analyzed the detection performance of the clutter map constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector using single pulse. In this paper, we extend the detection analysis to the clutter map CFAR detector that employs M-pulse noncoherent integration. Detection and false alarm probabilities for Swerling target models are derived. The analytical results show that the larger the number of integrated pulses M, the higher the detection probability. On the other hand, the analytical results for Swerling target models show that the detection performance of the completely decorrelated target signal is better than that of the completely correlated target.