HARQ–ARQ interaction method for LTE‐based mobile satellite communication system

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) and automatic repeat request (ARQ) of the terrestrial long‐term evolution (LTE) system are designed considering the very short propagation delay of terrestrial environment. Therefore, when HARQ and ARQ are applied to the LTE‐based mobile satellite communication system, the inefficiency is caused by the long propagation delay of satellite environment. This paper proposes the interaction method between HARQ and ARQ for the decrease of inefficiency in the LTE‐based mobile satellite communication system. The existing concept of layered architecture about HARQ and ARQ is also maintained in our interaction method. Simulation results reveal that our proposed scheme can provide the larger spectrum efficiency than that of the non‐interaction scheme in all environments. The performance improvement can be up to 2.04 times through the interaction method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

LTE‐based satellite communications in LEO mega‐constellations

The integration of satellite and terrestrial networks is a promising solution for extending broadband coverage to areas not connected to a terrestrial infrastructure, as also demonstrated by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours. However, the large delays and Doppler shifts over the satellite channel pose severe technical challenges to traditional terrestrial systems, as long‐term evolution (LTE) or 5G. In this paper, 2 architectures are proposed for a low Earth orbit mega‐constellation realising a satellite‐enabled LTE system, in which the on‐ground LTE entity is either an eNB (Sat‐eNB) or a relay node (Sat‐RN). The impact of satellite channel impairments as large delays and Doppler shifts on LTE PHY/MAC procedures is discussed and assessed. The proposed analysis shows that, while carrier spacings, random access and RN attach procedures do not pose specific issues and hybrid automatic repeat request requires substantial modifications. Moreover, advanced handover procedures will be also required due to the satellites' movement.     

Adaptive modulation and coding for Long Term Evolution‐based mobile satellite communication system

The adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) scheme is mandatory for modern wireless communication systems to overcome inevitable channel impairments. Many of the limitations using AMC are due to the long round‐trip delay of a satellite system. This paper proposes an efficient AMC scheme with power control and symbol interleaving that can be effectively applied to satellite systems. In particular, we focus on mobile satellite systems that have maximum compatibility in a Long Term Evolution system. Simulations reveal that the proposed scheme can provide a maximum 10.2% increase of average beam spectral efficiency and a maximum of 8‐dB power gain compared with a conventional AMC scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于LMS估计的卫星移动通信定时同步优化

针对采用长期演进(LTE)通信标准的地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星移动通信系统上行定时误差会影响单载波频分多址技术正交性的问题,在LMS线性估计算法的基础上提出了一种适用于大时延环境下单载波频分多址定时同步优化方法。该方法对用户与卫星之间传输时延的变化进行估计,通过闭环控制补偿减小上行定时误差。仿真表明:该方法在使用LTE标准帧结构时,能保护用户上行信号正交性,避免符号间干扰,且传输速率损失约为9%,远低于传统拓展帧结构方法带来的损失,验证了方法的优越性。     

LTE下行链路中基于网络编码的多进程联合HARQ

长期演进系统的下行链路物理层采用了以传输块为基本单元的混合自动重传请求机制,保证移动终端在各种测试场景下都能获得较好的数据通过率。在对传输块的每次接收处理过程中,单个传输块中的多路独立码块数据解码结果差异较大。接收端可以通过对各个码块数据做循环冗余校验测试,标志各个码块的译码结果。然而由于传统重传机制中反馈链路的容量限制,即便只有一个码块解码错误,接收端也将反馈请求发送端重传整个传输块。网络编码技术通过对不同传输块数据做组合编码,可以有效地提高整个网络的传输效率。针对长期演进系统下行链路的传输机制,我们提出一种基于网络编码的多进程联合重传方案。新的重传方案联合多个传输块的重传进程,在每个传输块完成首次传输后,新增一个网络编码重传反馈比特,指示后续是否启动一个新进程传输多个传输块的网络编码数据包。我们给出了具体的重传协议流程,收发端都可以高效地根据网络编码重传反馈比特指示,完成相应的发送和接收操作。结合长期演进系统标准中的典型测试场景,我们给出了数据通过率的仿真结果比较。在仅新增一个反馈比特的条件下,采用网络编码技术的多进程联合重传方案在数据通过率方面有较为明显的性能增益。      

基于深度学习的卫星通信抗干扰方法

卫星通信作为当前地面通信网络的补充通信,可以为用户提供随时随地的便携通信服务,针对卫星日趋严重的通信网络干扰,本文提出了一种基于深度学习与干扰感知相结合的人工智能技术实现对卫星通信干扰的自主感知。通过对干扰信号的自主感知和分析,提升通信网络的抗干扰能力。     

一种适用于GEO卫星移动通信系统流业务的无线资源管理方法

提出了一种适用于GEO卫星移动通信系统流业务的无线资源管理方法,保障在共享信道上传输的流业务的速率和延时需求.该方法由3个功能实体组成：1）接纳控制/信道分配实体,用于接受或拒绝新的资源请求;2）分组调度实体,负责为每个连接提供所需的传输服务,满足传输速率要求;3）质量控制实体,监测目前系统为当前服务提供的QoS是否与签约QoS一致.在NS2仿真平台建立了相应的系统模型,进行了动态仿真.     

基于ATM的宽带多媒体通信卫星系统运维管理技术研究

随着卫星网络以及通信系统的逐渐研发,宽带多媒体通信卫星系统在通信领域中备受关注.宽带多媒体通信卫星系统能够实现全球无缝隙覆盖的网络互连,在通信系统研发中发挥着重要的作用.基于宽带多媒体通信卫星系统运行维护管理是保障通信卫星系统稳定运行的基础.在本文中对基于ATM的宽带多媒体通信卫星系统运维管理技术进行研究.     

Large‐scale site diversity for satellite communication networks

The utilization of high frequencies, such as Ka‐band and beyond, necessary to avoid the highly congested lower satellite frequencies and to get larger bandwidth availability is considered for many developing satellite systems. The new satellite low‐margin systems in Ka‐band will need to be designed using fade countermeasures to counteract rain attenuation. One of these techniques foresees the possibility of switching the communication link among different Earth stations spread on a very large territory to reduce the system outage time to the joint outage time of all the stations. The design of such systems depends on the probability that the Earth stations simultaneously exceed their margins. In this paper, a well‐assessed model is utilized for the prediction of joint statistics of rain attenuation in multiple locations, using Monte Carlo simulation. The model is based on a pair of multi‐variate normal processes whose parameters are related to those characterizing the single‐location statistics and whose covariance matrices are assumed to depend only on the distances between locations. The main results concerning both the probability and margin improvement will be presented and discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向宽带卫星通信的微波光子线性化技术

微波光子技术凭借其带宽高、损耗低、重量轻、抗电磁干扰能力强等特点,有望突破传统技术瓶颈,满足未来卫星通信系统大容量、多功能、一体化的应用需求。针对宽带卫星通信系统中非线性失真问题,特别是未来通信系统的超宽带射频信号采集及超大规模的数据处理需求,基于偏振调制-相干I/Q解调,提出了一种光子带通采样且包含直接下变频功能的线性化方法,实现了系统三阶交调非线性失真下变频后30.55 dBm的失真抑制。实验证明了所提方法的有效性。此外,所提方法还可直接获取目标高频宽带的信息并将其数字化,避免了采用超宽带模数转换后所需的超大规模的数字处理,具有较好的应用潜力。     

Packet scheduling in MIMO satellite long term evolution networks

This paper deals with the performance evaluation of different packet scheduling schemes for Long Term Evolution mobile satellite systems based on the adoption of a multi‐user MIMO technique. The major breakthrough of MIMO technology in terrestrial networks has motivated the interest here for the adoption of MIMO in mobile satellite systems as well. In particular, a land mobile dual‐polarized GEO satellite system has been considered in this work. The aim of this paper is to propose new cross‐layer packet scheduling schemes that achieve a good trade‐off among throughput, QoS and fairness and to conduct performance comparisons with other scheduling schemes in the literature. This is the reason why this paper also proposes a new performance index that can be used to evaluate the overall performance of each scheduler. The work shows that the new cross‐layer scheduler, called channel‐based queue sensitive scheduler, attains the best performance in terms of the new comprehensive performance index, thus representing an interesting solution for future mobile satellite systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

车载"动中通"伺服系统的研究与仿真

分析了"动中通"中的关键技术天线稳定与波束跟踪,并讨论了它们的不同实现方法.给出了一种把天线稳定和波束跟踪相结合的方法,并把几种实现方式分别在Simulink中进行了仿真,仿真结果表明该方法不仅具有有效性,而且对于误差的修正时间也比较短.     

卫星集群应急通信系统

卫星通信以其独特的特点,在许多场合中具有重要的应用价值。在指挥调度、应急救灾等场合中一般使用地面集群通信,但是其信号覆盖范围有限,集群通信组网受频率资源限制比较大。将具有覆盖面积大、受地理条件限制小以及通信频带宽等特点的卫星通信系统与地面集群通信系统结合组网,形成天地一体化的通信网络。     

面向多波束卫星通信网络的步进跟踪方法

面向多波束覆盖的卫星通信网络,为解决相控阵用户终端位置姿态信息无法获取时程序跟踪卫星失效的问题,提出了一种步进扫描跟踪方法。在该方法中,终端仅需比较单个波束的信标接收能量即可判断波束指向,从而降低跟踪时延。在此基础上,为满足终端在动中通场景下的业务通信需求,进一步研究动态条件下的跟踪方法,并讨论跟踪时延的影响因素。实验结果表明,当终端位置姿态变化较小时,所提方法的跟踪性能接近程序跟踪。     

卫星网络移动性管理技术研究现状及展望

卫星网络因为具有覆盖范围广、传输可靠性高等特点,已经成为了天地一体化信息网络重大工程项目的重要组成部分。卫星的高速移动性和其与地面终端之间的频繁切换特性对于移动性管理技术提出了必然要求,现有移动性管理技术主要参考地面蜂窝网中已有相关技术。首先简述了传统移动性管理技术应用于卫星网络的相关成果,然后从位置管理、切换管理等方面分别对已有研究成果进行了回顾和介绍,最后对下一步研究方向进行了展望。     

Integrated load‐based power saving for real‐time and nonreal‐time traffic in LTE‐TDD

Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project. Two duplex modes, namely, frequency division duplex and time division duplex (TDD), are defined in LTE for transmission in both downlink and uplink directions simultaneously. Power saving mechanisms for LTE‐frequency division duplex were proposed in the authors' previous work. Applicability of the previously proposed mechanisms to LTE‐TDD is investigated in this paper, and the idea of “virtual time” associated with the mapping mechanism from the virtual time domain to the actual time domain for different TDD configurations is proposed. With the help of the mapping mechanism, 3 revised power saving schemes are proposed to support real‐time user equipments and nonreal‐time user equipments in LTE‐TDD. Simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the mapping mechanism as well as the benefit of the proposed schemes in power saving efficiency and real‐time support in comparing with the standard‐based mechanism.     

印度军事卫星通信系统发展概述

在未来信息化战争中,卫星通信将发挥越来越重要的作用,已成为各国竞相争夺的信息制高点。印度从本国实际需求出发,统筹规划,以研发满足国民经济需求的多用途通信卫星为突破口,迅速建成了亚太地区最大的国内通信系统之一。在简要分析印度各军种卫星通信需求和发展现状的基础上,介绍了印度的几个重点卫星通信工程项目,重点论述了"印度国家卫星"(INSAT)系列和"静地星"(GSAT)系列中在役和在研通信卫星的性能和作用,最后总结了印度研发通信卫星系统的经验,期望为相关人员提供参考与借鉴。     

基于AMC和HARQ的大气激光通信跨层系统性能研究

针对大气激光通信中由大气湍流引起的系统性能下降问题,研究了基于物理层自适应调制编码(AMC)和数据链路层混合自动请求重传(HARQ)的大气激光通信跨层系统性能。在建立了大气湍流信道瞬时信噪比模型的基础上,建立了大气激光通信AMC-HARQ系统模型,并推导了系统误包率和频带利用率公式,最后在双伽马信道模型下进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,大气激光通信AMC-HARQ系统能够在保证一定误包性能的条件下,大大提高系统频带利用率,提高单一应用AMC时的系统误包性能。随着重传次数增加,误包率和频带利用率均提高,但频带利用率增幅随重传次数增加而减小。