焦化蜡油加氢精制工艺研究

辽河油田某炼油厂生产的焦化蜡油含氮量和含硫量较高,直接催化裂化反应的效果较差,需要进行一定的预处理,因此,开展了焦化蜡油加氢精制工艺优化实验研究.以目标炼油厂的焦化蜡油为研究对象,通过改变反应条件,考察了催化剂类型、实验温度、实验压力、氢油比以及反应空速对焦化蜡油加氢精制处理后脱氮率和脱硫率的影响.结果表明:随着反应温度、压力以及空速的增大,焦化蜡油的脱氮率和脱硫率逐渐升高;而随着氢油比的逐渐增大,焦化蜡油的脱氮率和脱硫率呈现出先增大后降低的趋势,存在一个最佳氢油比,使脱氮率和脱硫率达到最佳;辽河油田焦化蜡油加氢精制实验的最佳工艺条件为:催化剂PSR-102,温度380℃,压力12 MPa,氢油比1000,反应空速0.8 h-1.在此实验条件下,焦化蜡油的脱氮率可以达到60％以上,脱硫率可以达到95％以上,达到了良好的精制效果.     

焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的脱除

为脱除焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物,采用一种酸性复合络合脱氮剂,以甲苯为溶剂,对焦化蜡油进行脱氮研究。实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、剂油比、沉降时间等条件对焦化蜡油碱性氮化物脱除的影响。实验结果表明:在反应温度为55℃、反应时间为40min、剂油比为1∶4、沉降时间为30min的条件下,焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的脱除率可达91.34%,焦化蜡油收率达到95.54%。     

分馏塔底油原位脱氮工艺优化

延迟焦化是重质油精炼过程中非常重要的一环,然而由于焦化反应后焦化蜡油中的氮化物含量通常较高,会对后续催化裂化过程造成不利的影响,因此需要对其进行脱氮处理.室内研究了一种原位脱氮工艺技术,以分馏塔底油为研究对象,在分析了其组分组成的基础之上,考察了不同类型脱氮剂、脱氮剂加量、助剂加量、实验温度和实验时间对脱氮效果的影响,最终确定了分馏塔底油原位脱氮工艺的最佳条件.结果表明:脱氮剂TDN-35能够明显降低分馏塔底油中的氮含量,当其加量为3％时,脱氮效率最高;另外,随着助剂加量的增大、实验温度的升高以及实验时间的延长,脱氮效率逐渐升高;分馏塔底油原位脱氮的最佳工艺条件为:脱氮剂类型选择为TDN-35,脱氮剂加量为3％,助剂加量为2％,焦化实验温度为500℃,焦化实验时间为6 h.在此实验条件下,脱氮率可以达到60％以上,起到了良好的脱氮处理效果.     

焦化蜡油络合脱氮技术研究

为降低焦化蜡油中碱性氮化合物含量,防止碱性氮化合物毒害催化重整和催化裂化催化剂。本文在实验室条件下,以乙二酸为主脱氮剂,金属离子为辅助脱氮剂,考察了不同反应时间、脱氮剂中乙二酸含量、金属离子辅助脱氮剂种类以及金属辅助脱氮剂含量对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为80℃、络合剂中乙二酸含量为0.4%、FeSO4含量为0.3%、反应时间为25min、剂油比为1:1的条件下,脱氮效果最好,焦化蜡油中碱氮脱除率可以达到60.7%。     

负载型杂多酸脱除焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物

以硅胶为载体,利用等体积浸渍法负载杂多酸制备3种不同负载型杂多酸吸附剂,采用傅里叶红外光谱和氮气吸附-脱附法对吸附剂负载状态进行了表征。将制备的负载型吸附剂用于焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物的脱除,考察了负载量、反应时间、反应温度和剂油质量比对焦化蜡油脱氮率的影响。结果表明,磷钨酸负载质量分数为40%、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为50min、剂油质量比为1:4的条件下,负载型杂多酸吸附剂能有效脱除焦化蜡油中的碱性氮化物,脱氮率达到89.07%,脱氮油收率达95.54%.     

焦化蜡油催化裂化中试研究

讨论焦化蜡油独立催化裂化反应时,油剂混合温度、反应温度、剂油比和反应时间等及综合操作条件对催化裂化反应的影响,考察了不同工艺条件对焦化蜡油催化裂化反应性能的影响,分析原料转化深度、产物分布与反应条件的关系,为焦化蜡油加工新技术的开发提供基础数据。实验结果表明,油剂接触瞬间的温度条件、剂油比和考察反应时间三个因素对反应结果影响较大。     

辽河焦化蜡油脱芳烃实验研究

以辽河石化焦化蜡油(CGO)为研究对象,采用糠醛将其中的芳香组分和碱性氮化物选择性地脱除,并确定最适的反应条件为温度50℃、剂油体积比1.5.在此条件下,抽余油收率为67.55％,碱性氮含量为712.72 mg/kg,饱和分由61.00％提高到77.83％,芳香分由34.94％降至18.76％.碱性氮和四组分数据表明抽出油性质优于直馏蜡油,完全可以作为催化裂化的原料,而抽出油则可作为原料生产高附加值的化工产品.     

焦化蜡油络合脱氮剂通用性能考察

采用专利脱氮剂,在相同条件下,对大庆、大港、辽河以及委内瑞拉焦化蜡油进行络合脱碱氮试验。结果表明开发的络合脱氮剂具有通用性,能够脱除大庆、大港、辽河以及委内瑞拉焦化蜡油中的碱性氮化物。     

离子液体脱氮-加氢精制处理高氮焦化汽柴油的研究

采用离子液体对高含氮焦化汽柴油进行脱氮预处理,确定了处理过程适宜脱氮预处理条件,并对预脱氮后焦化汽柴油进行加氢精制工艺评价。结果表明,离子液体预脱氮处理适宜条件为：剂油质量比1∶100,反应温度50 ℃,搅拌时间30 min,沉降时间1.0 h,此条件下,焦化汽柴油的碱氮脱除率为94.9％,且离子液体具有较好的重复使用性。在相同条件下,经预脱氮处理后的柴油与未处理柴油相比,加氢生成油中硫、氮和芳烃含量明显降低,尤其是氮含量低,氮化物的含量高低对催化剂的加氢精制性能有影响。采用离子液体脱氮-加氢精制可深度脱除焦化汽柴油中硫化物与氮化物,降低芳烃含量,改善产品质量,达到生产低硫和低芳烃清洁燃料的目的。
     

荆门催化装置加工未加氢焦化蜡油工业运行

中国石化荆门分公司在焦化蜡油加氢精制装置停工期间制定并实施了未加氢焦化蜡油催化裂化加工方案:1号催化装置集中加工焦化蜡油;在此期间催化裂化油浆不作为焦化原料;应用高活性抗碱氮重油催化裂化催化剂;催化裂化装置实施大剂油比、高反应温度操作。运行数据显示:加工未加氢焦化蜡油期间,1号催化裂化装置掺渣率及产品收率等情况较为理想,此工业运行为催化装置加工未加氢焦化蜡油开辟了可行的工艺途径,取得了具有工业应用价值的技术进展。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997