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1.
应用有限元方法,对延性材料孔洞型细观损伤演化进行探讨。考察具有相同初始孔洞体积分数fo、不同相对尺寸孔洞长大和对材料软化的影响。三种体胞分别为简单立方体胞、体心立方体胞以及非均匀孔洞群状分布体胞。体胞基体为Mises等向强化材料。采用大变形有限元方法,简单加载,应力三维度保持定值。分析结果发现,孔洞群状分布体胞模型所代表小尺寸孔洞的长大速度较慢,且在高应力状态下具有较强的承载力和较低的裂纹敏感性。  相似文献   

2.
建立在铝合金铸件中微观孔洞演化的数学模型,并讨论含孔洞铝合金铸件的材料模型。具有微观孔洞的铝合金铸件可以作为含损伤的材料,采用损伤度作为描述材料损伤的变量。应用含损伤的弹性材料本构关系,分析铝合金阶梯型含损伤铸件的力学性能和疲劳寿命。应用Gurson模型和屈服条件,评估铝合金铸件源于微孔洞的累积损伤及对材料塑性变形行为的影响。初步建立铸件疲劳寿命模拟分析系统。该系统包括铝合金铸造凝固过程模拟模块和疲劳寿命分析模块。  相似文献   

3.
为探讨截面形状对金属材料微孔洞损伤破坏的影响,针对圆形、矩形横截面缺口试样进行了拉伸破坏、预拉伸低温冲断试验,断口扫描电镜观察及有限元计算;用细观力学模型计算了缺口试样断裂时微孔洞长大体积率沿断口的分布和断口的起裂位置,并模拟了断口上起裂处微孔洞长大。结果表明:截面形状对材料微孔洞损伤演化有较大的影响,圆形、矩形横截面缺口试样断裂时起裂处微孔洞长大体积率相差较大,微孔洞长大的临界值不是材料常数;用R-T模型、GTN模型模拟非轴对称三轴应力状态下材料微孔洞损伤演化有较大的误差。  相似文献   

4.
多孔多损伤(multiple site damage,MSD)加筋结构的损伤容限评定,特别是MSD裂纹应力强度因子(stress inten sity factor,SIF)的精确求解是当今航空工程中亟待解决的问题.文中采用铆钉的两种表现形式(常规2D元和简化的弹簧元)的组合方式,建立含MSD多铆钉多筋条加筋平板结构的有限元模型,通过计算得到加筋板不同损伤模式下SIF随裂纹扩展历程变化规律的曲线,与已有的文献比较表明,本文数值结果精确、方法可靠,即不同长度裂纹的SIF计算可有效地通过FIRANC2D/L软件的裂纹扩展功能实现;同时分析MSD、腐蚀损伤、铆钉与孔间的干涉配合、铆钉材料及直径和筋条刚度等因素对SIF的影响规律,计算结果和结论可作为该类结构损伤容限设计的参考依据.  相似文献   

5.
延性材料损伤孔洞尺寸效应探讨   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
应用有限元方法 ,对延性材料孔洞型损伤中的尺寸效应问题进行尝试性探讨。考察具有相同初始孔洞体积分数 f0 、不同孔洞尺寸 (半径比为 2 :1.6 :0 .96 )的延性材料中 ,孔洞尺寸对表征材料损伤程度的孔洞体积分数 f演化过程的影响。结果发现 :在较低应力状态下 ,孔洞尺寸的差异 ,对孔洞增长的快慢影响较小 ;但在裂纹试件所对应的高应力状态下 ,这种影响很突出 :大尺寸孔洞加速了材料中孔洞体积分数 f的增长 ,加剧了材料损伤。所以降低材料中孔洞或颗粒尺寸有助于其延性、尤其是断裂韧性的提高  相似文献   

6.
异种钢焊接接头常应用于高温下工作的大型构件,其蠕变特性和持久性能对结构的安全性具有重要意义。常规的蠕变试验和高温持久试验仅适用于均匀材料,对非均匀的异种钢接头存在局限性。为了解决该问题,针对某种构件上采用的含有过渡层的马氏体钢与珠光体钢异种金属接头进行了有限元建模。分别利用K-R蠕变损伤模型和改进的θ Projection模型进行模拟计算,并且对比了非均匀结构与均匀的焊缝、过渡层和母材的蠕变特性。对比发现,非均匀结构中抗蠕变性能较弱的过渡层部分的蠕变速率要大于均匀的过渡层材料的蠕变速率,这说明材料的不均匀性会带来附加的蠕变损伤。因此,仅通过均匀材料的蠕变试验来预测非均匀结构的寿命是不可靠的,应采用蠕变试验与有限元计算相结合的方法进行非均匀结构的寿命预测。  相似文献   

7.
利用非局部应力测度,建立一种新的非局部损伤模型。首先,提出一个以应变与损伤参量为非局部独立变量的自由能泛函,并由热力学定律,推导非局部弹性损伤本构方程及损伤演化方程。然后,通过二次线性化的方法,建立一个描述损伤演化的一维线性非局部弹性模型,给出支配方程。在此模型的基础上,采用Gauss函数形式的非局部核对损伤过程中的应变局部化现象进行数值模拟,得到一些有价值的结果。  相似文献   

8.
用实验及有限元方法,对细观多孔性球墨铸铁光棒试件拉伸破坏过程中颈缩截面应力状态变化规律进行分析和研究,获得该截面心部的应力状态参数T随应变的变化曲线.曲线分为T=0.33的定值阶段和T单调增长两个阶段,Tmax=0.68.对T取实验值与取常规定值情况下的材料损伤演化及材料软化进行比较,认为常规采用定值T=0.33低估了光棒试件的细观损伤破坏.单轴拉伸光棒试件中的孔洞损伤演化过程是由孔洞的形状改变为主要过程和断裂前短暂的孔洞体积的加速扩张阶段组成,这一结论与Gurson模型中孔洞长大描述符合很好.  相似文献   

9.
利用非局部应力测度,建立一种新的非局部损伤模型.首先,提出一个以应变与损伤参量为非局部独立变量的自由能泛函,并由热力学定律,推导非局部弹性损伤本构方程及损伤演化方程.然后,通过二次线性化的方法,建立一个描述损伤演化的一维线性非局部弹性模型,给出支配方程.在此模型的基础上,采用Gauss函数形式的非局部核对损伤过程中的应变局部化现象进行数值模拟,得到一些有价值的结果.  相似文献   

10.
为对木结构构件局部缺陷进行有效检测,结合试验模态分析和有限元模拟方法,对含不同位置、大小和数量孔洞缺陷的木梁进行研究,计算其第1阶位移模态振型和曲率模态,分析木梁损伤前后的曲率模态变化,探讨模态分析方法在木材缺陷检测中的适用性.研究结果表明:曲率模态是一个对木梁损伤比较敏感的参数,可用于对孔洞位置、大小及数量进行定量的估计;通过降低有限元模型局部单元的弹性模量能够较好地模拟木梁损伤,有限元模态分析和试验模态分析得到的位移模态振型及曲率模态吻合均较好,验证了模态分析对木梁无损检测是一种有效的方法.  相似文献   

11.
Cavitation instabilities have been found for a single void in a ductile metal stressed under high triaxiality conditions. Here, the possibility of unstable cavity growth is studied for a metal containing many voids. The central cavity is discretely represented, while the surrounding voids are represented by a porous ductile material model in terms of a field quantity that specifies the variation of the void volume fraction in the surrounding metal. As the central void grows, the surrounding void volume fractions increase in nonuniform fields, where the strains grow very large near the void surface, while the high stress levels are reached at some distance from the void, and the interaction of these stress and strain fields determines the porosity evolution. In some cases analysed, the porosity is present initially in the metal matrix, while in other cases voids nucleate gradually during the deformation process. It is found that interaction with the neighbouring voids reduces the critical stress for unstable cavity growth.  相似文献   

12.
Many 2D analytical models are available for estimating the effective elastic properties of porous materials. Most of these models adopt circular voids of a uniform diameter in superlattice arrays, such as unit void or periodically positioned models. There are two principal issues in a realistic representation of porous materials: the random distribution of a statistically sufficiently large number of voids in the model, and the random distribution of the size and position of the voids. Numerical schemes such as the FEM or the BEM have also been presented to cater for regular patterned circular voids. However, due to the large number of elements needed to produce sufficient accuracy for the curved boundary of circular voids or modelling a statistically sufficient number of voids with a random distribution in both the void size and the position, no such model has yet been produced.Modelling based on an FEM approach using a simplified approximation for void geometry is proposed here for the calculation of the effective elastic properties of porous solids. A plane strain model of a square geometry is adopted for a 2D array of voids. This simplified square shape allows a large number of voids to be simulated with a random distribution for both void sizes and their locations. The problem of anisotropy, which arises from the square shape, is discussed. It is verified that along the two principal directions (parallel to the sides of the square voids), the elastic properties remain the same as those predicted by using a circular void geometry. This square-shaped approximation, with its reduced requirement for FE analysis, has the potential to be extended to 3-dimensional modelling for a realistic simulation of engineering materials.  相似文献   

13.
In this study, we investigate deformation behavior of f.c.c. single crystals containing microvoids by using three-dimensional finite element methods. The unit cell analysis has been conducted to study the effect of stress triaxialities, crystallographic orientations and initial void volume fractions on the growth and coalescence of voids in f.c.c. single crystals. The locally homogeneous constitutive model for the rate-dependent single crystal plasticity is implemented into a finite element program (ABAQUS) by means of the user-defined subroutine (UMAT). To identify the effect of stress triaxiality and the crystallographic orientation on the void evolution, the stress triaxiality was kept constant during deformation. The numerical results showed that the stress triaxiality and the deformation mode specified by the crystallographic orientation have a competitive effect on the evolution of voids. For the low level of stress triaxiality, the deformation mode is mainly determined by the crystallographic orientation. For high stress triaxiality, however, the deviation from the specific deformation mode is large even for incipient void growth and the void growth rate is mainly determined by stress triaxiality and the initial void volume fraction. For the small initial void volume fraction, the growth rate of a void is rapid compared with the large one and the effect of the initial crystallographic orientation is significant.  相似文献   

14.
大锻件控性锻造过程的计算机模拟技术   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
提出能够模拟大锻件空洞型缺陷演化和微观组织演变等控性指标的数值模拟方法。基于典型体元模型建立空洞体积变化与宏观应力应变场关系的数学模型,以图从多尺度角度揭示宏观的塑性变形及其应力状态对随机分布的微小空洞的体积变化影响规律。将该模型与有限元法集成,当锻件内任意一点有空洞型缺陷(给定缺陷体积百分比)时,能够模拟得到成形过程中空洞型缺陷的体积变化,从而可被用来评估含缩孔缩松缺陷材料的压实状态。采用元胞自动机方法建立一种转子钢的微观组织演变模拟方法,根据"应变—位错密度—动态再结晶—流动应力"之间的宏微观相互影响规律,模拟出动态再结晶晶粒尺寸和完成分数。将这些模型与热力耦合有限元法相结合,构造大锻件控性锻造过程的数值模拟技术。根据大锻件增量成形的变形特点开发基于刚性区自由度凝聚技术的快速有限元法,从而为大锻件成形的工艺优化提供有效的计算工具。  相似文献   

15.
疲劳损伤演化的机理及损伤演化律   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
疲劳是由材料内部的损伤演化导致的,但损伤演化的机理目前尚不清楚。根据原子运动的热扰动,当原子的活性能大于某一临界值时,原子将从原平衡位置逃逸并产生空穴。当材料受循环应力作用时,因原子平衡位置的变化而导致热扰动所产生的空穴不能完全相互湮灭,从而形成缺陷或导致其发展。这一观点不仅可以说明疲劳损伤演化的机理,而且可以把损伤演化速率与原子逃逸过程的速率联系起来,从而可以提出一种具有机理性依据的疲劳损伤演化律的一般形式。这种形式的损伤演化律,是与已知的金属材料损伤寿命关系相一致的。讨论并给出对称循环下损伤演化律的具体形式,并依据该演化律讨论损伤的累加方式。  相似文献   

16.
An upper bound approach is presented in order to study the influence of internal pressure in voids on the yield stress of metals. Yield stress equations are derived for various combinations of void fraction and internal void pressure. According to theory a critical void fraction exists for each internal pressure. At this point the decrease in yield stress is abrupt.  相似文献   

17.
A mathematical model is presented in which the mean value and standard deviation of limit strains are obtained for forming a sample of sheet metal parts in a repeatable stretch forming process. It is assumed that tearing originates in defects in the material which can be characterized by an equivalent population of voids which have an exponential size distribution. The model predicts that for a given material the mean limit strains in forming many pieces will increase with material thickness, severity of overall strain gradient and with decreasing volume fraction of equivalent voids. Numerical results indicate that the relationship between formability and volume fraction is approximately of an inverse logarithmic nature. The behaviour of the model using arbitrary values of parameters describing the equivalent void population is in good agreement with many phenomena observed in sheet metal forming.  相似文献   

18.
IGBT模块焊接层空洞会使得模块局部热阻增加、散热能力降低进而导致表面温度场畸变。本文基于红外热像仪和DSP控制单元搭建温度分布检测系统,实现IGBT模块温度场信息的采集、处理和分析。根据实验需要采用自制IGBT模块研究空洞对温度场的影响。通过对不同空洞尺寸的模块进行实验,获得空洞率与温度场分布特性之间的关系。结果表明IGBT模块温度分布特性可以用来进行空洞的定量检测,并给出了根据表面温度特性对IGBT模块性能评估的一般方法。  相似文献   

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