高纯高比表面积HNS的研究

完成了HNS的提纯和超细的研制，使HNS的纯度达到以99%以上，平均粒径小于1μm，并确定了高纯度比表面积HNS（HNS-F）百克量级的制备工艺，HNS-F的技术指标达到美国同类产品的要求，并按标准通过了8项完全性鉴定试验，药剂在冲击片雷管中的最低发火能量为0.30J。     

纳米β-Cu的制备及其对超细AP的催化性能

采用湿法机械研磨法制备了纳米2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(β-Cu)。通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征了β-Cu颗粒的结构、粒径及形貌。同时,研究了纳米β-Cu对高氯酸铵(AP)的催化性能。结果表明,β-Cu颗粒粒径约为100 nm,呈类球形。DSC分析表明,纳米β-Cu对6μm和1μm超细AP具有显著的催化作用,可使二者的高温分解峰温分别降低至373.1℃和351.2℃;表观分解热分别增加至1529 J·g-1和1513 J·g-1;反应速率常数分别提高近10倍。相比6μm AP,纳米β-Cu对1μm AP具有更好的催化效果,使其高温分解峰温更低,反应速率常数更大。     

2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物的精制及其性能研究

为了研究不同溶剂精制的2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶-1-氧化物(ANPyO)的性能,分别以三氟乙酸(CF3COOH)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,采用重结晶法精制ANPyO,对精制后样品性能进行比较研究.结果表明:用CF3COOH重结晶精制的ANPyO,粒度主要分布在2～70 μm,比表面积为0.454 m2·g-1; 在升温速率为10 K·min-1的条件下,分解热焓为1021.46 J·g-1,最高峰值温度为370.69 ℃,表观活化能为279.63 kJ·mol-1;撞击和摩擦感度,分别为 20%和18%.     

用连续爆速法测定工业炸药爆速

采用电测法和连续速度探针法分别测量了粉状乳化炸药和乳化炸药的平均爆速和连续爆速.结果表明,粉状乳化炸药在装药密度为850 kg·m-3和820 kg·m-3时,平均爆速分别为4526 m·s-1和4020 m·s-1; 稳定爆轰时连续爆速范围分别为4300～4600 m·s-1和4000～4300 m·s-1.乳化炸药在装药密度为900 kg·m-3和840 kg·m-3时,平均爆速分别为4384 m·s-1和2345 m·s-1; 连续爆速范围分别为3370～4592 m·s-1和2871～3420 m·s-1.显然,平均爆速测试结果与连续爆速的测试结果吻合很好,且连续速度探针法能满足准确测量工业炸药在装药结构中爆速连续变化的要求.     

1-氨基-2-硝基胍的热行为（英）

用差示扫描量热法(DSC),微量热仪和热重-微分热重分析(TG/DTG)研究了1-氨基-2-硝基胍(ANQ)的热分解行为、比热容和绝热至爆时间.结果表明,ANQ的热行为分为相连的两个剧烈放热分解过程.5 ℃·rmin-1下两个分解过程的峰温分别为192.5℃和196.2℃,总共的分解焓为-2075 J·g-1.第一分解阶段的表观活化能和指前因子分别为224.3 kJ·mol-1和1023.15 s-1.自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度分别为184.5℃和192.7℃.298.15 K时摩尔比热容为145.5 J·mol-1·K-1.估算的绝热至爆时间约为60 s,表明ANQ的热稳定性良好.     

铅、铜盐催化剂对DNTF炸药热分解及烤燃响应特性的影响

为提高3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)炸药热安全性,采用高压差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)、小型烤燃实验考察了水杨酸铅(PbSa)、水杨酸铜(CuSa)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸铜(β-Cu)、邻苯二甲酸铜(Cu(PA)2)、氧化铜(CuO)等催化剂对DNTF烤燃响应特性以及1 MPa下热分解性能的影响。结果表明,CuSa、β-Cu、Cu(PA)2等有机铜盐催化剂可提高DNTF热分解速率,使其在1 MPa下分解峰温降低13.6℃以上,PbSa使DNTF分解峰温升高了3.1℃,同时二次分解剧烈程度更明显,CuO对DNTF热分解无影响;CuSa可使无约束条件的DNTF在1℃·min^-1下的烤燃响应温度由236.6℃降低为182.3℃,响应剧烈程度由爆炸改善为燃烧;少量CuSa可使强约束条件下的DNTF基混合炸药装药在1℃·min^-1下的烤燃响应温度降低2.4℃,响应剧烈程度由爆炸降低为燃烧,说明选择合适的有机铜盐催化剂可有效改善DNTF基炸药装药烤燃响应特性。     

HNF的热分解动力学和热安全性

为了解硝仿肼(HNF)的热分解动力学和热安全性,用真空安定性试验(VST)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重法(TG)研究了HNF的热分解特性。根据HNF在升温速率为5,10,15,20℃·min-1时的DSC曲线的峰温和TG曲线的分解深度(α),分别用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了HNF热分解反应的表观活化能(Ek和Ea)和指前因子(Ak)、提出了描述HNF放热分解过程的动力学方程。计算了HNF热分解反应的热力学参数(活化自由能ΔG’,活化焓ΔH’和活化熵ΔS’)和HNF的热安全性参数(自发火温度Tbpo和自加速分解温度TSADT)。结果表明,HNF的放气量为0.41 m L·g-1,不超过2 m L·g-1的标准,显示HNF有良好的热安定性。HNF吸热熔融后的放热分解反应过程可分两个阶段。Ek=257.10 k J·mol-1,Ak=1.74×1033s-1,ΔG’=103.37 k J·mol-1、ΔH’=253.82 k J·mol-1,ΔS’=380.78 J·K-1·mol-1,Tbpo=400.28 K和TSADT=395.10 K。放热分解反应的动力学方程可描述为:对α=0.20~0.65的第一阶段dα/dt=kf(α)=Ae-ERT f(α)=5.14×1021×(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]12 exp(-1.81×104/T)对α=0.65~0.80的第二阶段dα/dt=kf(α)=Ae-ERT f(α)=3.30×1014×(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]-1exp(-1.33×104/T)     

HTPE与FOX-7和FOX-12混合体系的热分解

利用差示扫描量热(DSC)法和热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)法得到端羟基聚醚(HTPE)/1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)混合体系和HTPE/N-脒基脲二硝酰胺(FOX-12)混合体系在不同升温速率(2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0℃·min~(-1))下的热分解曲线,用Kissinger公式和Ozawa公式计算了HTPE、HTPE/FOX-7和HTPE/FOX-12体系热分解的表观活化能。结果表明,HTPE的热分解过程为一个失重过程,其表观活化能E_k为127.45 kJ·mol~(-1)。Kissinger公式和Ozawa公式计算的HTPE/FOX-7混合体系表观活化能分别为288.16 kJ·mol~(-1)和270.85 kJ·mol~(-1),HTPE/FOX-12混合体系的表观活化能分别为179.50 kJ·mol~(-1)和170.35 kJ·mol~(-1)。对于同一体系,两种公式计算的结果基本一致。与单组份(FOX-7或FOX-12)相比,HTPE/FOX-7和HTPE/FOX-12体系的表观活化能分别降低了17.1~34.5 kJ·mol~(-1)和78.8~87.9 kJ·mol~(-1)。HTPE均降低了2种钝感含能组份(FOX-7和FOX-12)的(主)分解峰温度,FOX-7高温分解放热峰峰温降低了14.4℃,FOX-12的分解放热峰峰温降低了17.4℃。HTPE/FOX-7混合体系分解放热量增加了196.2 J·g~(-1),而HTPE/FOX-12混合体系分解放热量减少了275.2 J·g~(-1)。     

超细HNS/HMX混晶的制备与性能

为提高超细六硝基茋HNS(HNS-Ⅳ)输出能量,采用溶剂/非溶剂法制备超细HNS/HMX混合晶体,并进行形貌表征及性能研究.结果表明: 混晶中的HMX细化晶体依然为β型,并被HNS超细粒子包覆在核内;HNS-Ⅳ与超细HNS/HMX比例为80/20和70/30时,其性能测试结果为: 比表面积(SBET): 14.25 m2·g-1、9.98 m2·g-1、9.56 m2·g-1;撞击感度: 52%、76%、78%;摩擦感度: 14%、16%、19%;起爆能: 0.49 J、0.50 J、0.58 J.     

BNCP超细粒子的制备和表征

采用机械研磨和低温干燥的方法获得了高氯酸·[四氨·双(5-硝基四唑)]合钴(Ⅲ)(BNCP)的超细粒子。细化后,BNCP粒子外形趋于圆滑,粒度分布在亚微米至2μm之间;比表面积由细化前的0.087m2·g-1增大至10.8m2·g-1,撞击感度和摩擦感度均有所降低。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.