臭氧处理对哈密瓜采后腐烂与细胞壁代谢影响

为研究臭氧处理对哈密瓜采后腐烂与细胞壁代谢关系,以“西州蜜25 号”哈密瓜为材料,在常温（22.0±0.5）℃下分别对哈密瓜进行0 mg/m3（对照组）和10 mg/m3（臭氧处理组）臭氧处理4 h,置于常温下贮藏,观察记录哈密瓜贮藏期间腐烂症状,测定腐烂指数、腐烂率及细胞壁代谢相关指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,臭氧处理不仅抑制哈密瓜果实采后腐烂指数和腐烂率的上升,减轻腐烂症状,并且抑制果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性,降低纤维素酶活性,从而延缓原果胶的降解以及可溶性果胶含量的增加,较好保持哈密瓜果实硬度,延缓果实软化、降低果实腐烂、延长果实贮藏期。因此,臭氧能够在一定程度上抑制细胞壁降解酶对果胶的降解,从而维持细胞壁坚挺,达到延缓软化以及果实腐烂的目的。     

羧甲基壳聚糖诱导罗伦隐球酵母对葡萄柚果实细胞壁代谢的影响

以‘里约红’葡萄柚为试材,对羧甲基壳聚糖（carboxymethyl chitosan,CMCS）、罗伦隐球酵母（Cryptococcus laurentii）以及CMCS-C. laurentii处理葡萄柚果实采后的硬度进行测定,结果显示：与对照组（无菌水处理）相比,CMCS-C. laurentii处理显著抑制了葡萄柚果实在整个贮藏期间内的果实硬度下降（P<0.05）。在此基础上,测定贮藏期间（75 d）葡萄柚果实质量损失率、细胞壁多糖物质含量和细胞壁水解酶活力并观察果实细胞壁微观结构。结果表明：CMCS-C. laurentii处理能有效维持果实内共价结合型果胶、紧密型半纤维素的含量,降低果实中水溶性果胶、离子型果胶以及松散型半纤维素的含量;并且相较于对照组,CMCS-C. laurentii处理组果实细胞壁水解酶（果胶甲酯酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶）活性均受显著抑制;贮藏中后期,CMCS-C. laurentii处理的果实细胞壁结构更加稳定,胞内结构相对完整。综上所述,CMCS-C.laurentii处理能减缓采后葡萄柚果实细...     

不同温度贮藏对中国樱桃软化进程中果胶及相关酶的影响

以商业采收期的中国樱桃果实为实验材料,测定0、4、20℃三种贮藏温度下,果实呼吸强度、果肉硬度、可溶性果胶(WSP)、原果胶(SSP)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)的变化。结果表明,0、4℃与20℃贮藏相比,可显著抑制中国樱桃的呼吸作用,降低腐烂率,延缓PG和β-Gal酶活性上升,抑制果胶的降解,保持果肉硬度,表现出较好的贮藏效果。中国樱桃在0℃贮藏下更能抑制果实腐烂,维持果实品质。     

β-氨基丁酸抑制草莓低温贮藏过程中灰霉病的效果及其机理

以‘红颜’草莓为实验材料,研究β-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid,BABA)对草莓果实采后贮藏在低温((5±1)℃)条件下灰霉病的抑制效果及相关机理。草莓果实经过20 mmol/L的BABA处理后接种灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)孢子,然后在(5±1)℃的条件下贮藏12 d,结果发现BABA显著抑制了灰霉病的发生和病斑直径的扩展,与对照组相比,处理组几丁质酶(chitinase,CHI)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)的活力分别提高了9.2%和54.9%,多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase,PG)和纤维素酶(cellulose,Cel)的活力分别降低了29.3%和24.4%,同时,BABA提高了FaCHI和FaGLU基因的表达,抑制了FaPG和FaCel基因的表达;此外,体外实验的结果发现,BABA能够破坏灰葡萄孢霉孢子的质膜完整性,导致了孢子内部可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的泄漏。结果表明,BABA通过诱导抗病相关酶活力来提高抗病性、延缓果实软化并通过对病原菌的直接抑制作用减轻草莓果实采后灰霉病的发生。     

微环境气调对蓝莓贮藏期软化的调控作用

为探讨微环境气调对蓝莓贮藏期果实软化的影响,采用自发气调(mMAP)、1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、微环境气调(mMAP+1-MCP)处理蓝莓,以未经处理的蓝莓为对照。将处理过的蓝莓置冰温库(-0.5±0.3) ℃贮藏,分别于贮藏0,20,40 d和60 d时测定果实硬度、细胞壁多糖含量、细胞壁降解酶活性和关键降解酶基因表达量。结果表明:与对照组相比,3个处理组均能显著降低果实的软果率(P < 0.05),其中mMAP+1-MCP处理效果最佳。贮藏60 d时果实硬度显著高于其它处理组(P < 0.05),维持较高的纤维素和原果胶含量,半纤维素在贮藏前期高于其它处理,而可溶性果胶含量在贮藏中前期保持较低水平。分析细胞壁降解酶,mMAP+1-MCP处理组贮藏40 d时纤维素酶(Cx)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)和果胶甲酯酶(PME)活性最低,贮藏60 d时β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)和α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶(α-Af)活性显著低于其它处理组(P < 0.05)。正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)表明,mMAP+1-MCP与其它处理组差异性指标为Cx和β-Gal活性。对这两种细胞壁降解酶基因的表达分析结果:mMAP+1-MCP处理可有效延缓蓝莓贮藏过程中Cx和β-Gal基因表达量峰值的出现时间。结论:mMAP+1-MCP形成的微环境气调环境通过延缓Cx和β-Gal基因表达量出峰时间,抑制贮藏后期Cx和β-Gal活性,保持果实的纤维素和原果胶含量,进而减缓果实的软化。     

茉莉酸处理对采后葡萄果实贮藏期间落粒的影响

以"巨峰"葡萄果实为试材,研究了茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理对采后葡萄果实在1℃贮藏期间落粒的影响。结果显示:10μmol/L MeJA处理可显著降低葡萄果实贮藏期间落粒率和腐烂率,并延缓果穗离区组织中脱落酸(ABA)含量和乙烯释放量的上升、赤霉素(GA3)含量的下降以及ABA/GA3比值的增长,并显著抑制离区果胶甲酯酶(Pectinesterase,PME)活性的下降和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Golygalacturonase,PG)活性的上升。同时,经MeJA处理的果穗离区细胞壁中胶层中乙醇不溶物(AIR)和Na2CO3溶性果胶含量也明显高于对照水平,而水溶性和环己二胺四乙酸(CDTA)溶性果胶含量却低于对照水平。实验表明,MeJA处理可通过调控葡萄果穗离区组织中内源激素水平来平衡细胞壁水解酶PME和PG的活性,从而抑制离区细胞壁中胶层的水解,维持细胞壁结构的完整,最终降低采后葡萄果实的落粒率,起到改善果实贮藏品质的效果。     

采后硝普钠处理对南果梨果实贮藏品质和细胞壁降解酶的影响

为探究采后硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)处理对南果梨果实贮藏效果的影响,将南果梨果实采后用0.25 mmol/L SNP溶液和清水(对照)浸泡处理,研究常温贮藏期间果实品质和细胞壁降解酶活性的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,SNP处理能抑制果实质量损失率的升高,显著降低果实呼吸高峰值,显著延缓南果梨果肉硬度的下降,维持果实较高水平的可溶性固形物质量分数,延缓抗坏血酸含量及可滴定酸质量分数的下降。此外,SNP处理能明显抑制多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲基反式消除酶、果胶甲酯酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶活力。由此说明,SNP保持果实贮藏品质与抑制果胶降解酶活性有关。     

NO熏蒸处理对冷藏枸杞鲜果细胞壁代谢的影响

为了探明NO熏蒸处理对冷藏枸杞鲜果细胞壁代谢的影响,本文以"宁杞七号"枸杞鲜果为试材,采用300μL/L(0μL/L NO为对照)的NO气体对"宁杞七号"熏蒸处理3 h,于3±0.5℃条件下贮藏36 d,定期测定果实腐烂率、硬度、细胞壁代谢相关酶活力.结果表明:300μL/L NO处理抑制枸杞鲜果多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(po...     

低强度微波处理对猕猴桃细胞壁降解酶活性的影响

采用不同强度的微波处理"皖翠"猕猴桃果实,研究低强度微波处理对果实品质、果肉硬度、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶和β-半乳糖苷酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,32.5 W/5 min和65 W/3 min低强度微波处理可保持较高的果肉硬度,延缓可溶性糖、有机酸和VC的降解,抑制多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、果胶甲酯酶、纤维酶和β-半乳糖苷酶酶活性,有利于猕猴桃的贮藏保鲜。     

β-氨基丁酸处理对采后草莓果实贮藏品质和内部还原势的影响

研究了10 mmol/Lβ-氨基丁酸(β-aminobutyric acid,BABA)、5 mmol/L 6-氨基烟酰胺(6-AN)以及两者复合处理对采后"丰香"草莓果实(Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv‘Fengxiang’)贮藏期间腐烂和品质的影响,并从还原势的角度探讨了BABA诱导果实抗病性的相关机理。结果表明,经10 mmol/L BABA处理的草莓果实中TSS、TA、总花色苷和总酚含量以及DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力在20℃下贮藏5 d后均显著高于对照水平,而果实发病率则显著低于对照水平。BABA处理可促进草莓果实中还原性信号分子NO和SA的积累,并诱导磷酸戊糖途径关键酶G6PDH和6PGDH活性的上升,从而促使果实中还原性物质NADPH和GSH大量生成并降低氧化性产物NADP+和GSSG含量,同时果实Fa PR1、Fa Chi3、Faβglu和Fa PAL等PRs基因表达量也显著上升。单一6-AN或6-AN+BABA处理则显著降低了果实中NO和SA的含量,抑制G6PDH和6PGDH活性以及NADPH和GSH的积累,经单一6-AN或6-AN+BABA处理的果实中PRs基因表达量也显著下降。通过这些结果可推测,草莓果实抗病性的形成与还原势的增长密切相关; BABA处理可直接诱导还原性信号分子的生成,并通过调控PPP途径关键酶活性以积累还原性物质,全面增强草莓果实内部还原势,诱导一系列PRs基因的表达,最终抑制了贮藏期间腐烂的发生并改善了果实综合品质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press