阻聚剂在C_5馏分热二聚过程中的应用

为减少C5馏分环戊二烯(CPD)热二聚过程中异戊二烯(IP)的聚合损失,采用封管实验方法考察了添加阻聚剂二乙基羟胺(DEHA)、对叔丁基邻苯二酚(TBC)、邻硝基苯酚(ONP)对热二聚过程中各二烯烃组分聚合程度的影响。结果表明,阻聚剂的加入不影响CPD的二聚,但减少了IP、间戊二烯(PD)的聚合损失。就阻聚效果而言,DEHA优于TBC和ONP。通过正交实验,考察了热二聚温度、时间以及DEHA质量分数等因素对双环戊二烯(DCPD)收率和IP聚合损失的影响。较佳工艺条件是热二聚温度120℃,反应时间3 h,DEHA质量分数500×10-6。该条件下DCPD的收率达到80%左右,IP的聚合损失可控制在8%以内。     

釜式反应器中热二聚法分离C_5混合物中的环戊二烯

采用釜式间歇反应器对石油裂解C5混合原料中的环戊二烯 (CPD)进行热二聚 ,生成双环戊二烯(DCPD)后进行分离。研究了CPD浓度、反应温度和反应时间以及C6含量等因素对反应过程的影响。     

釜式反应器中热二聚法分离C5混合物中的环戊二烯

采用釜式间歇反应器对石油裂解C5混合原料中的环戊二烯（CPD）进行热二聚，生成双环戊二烯（DCPD）后进行分离，研究了CPD浓度，反应温度和反应时间以及C6含量等因素对反应过程的影响。     

热二聚法分离C5混合物中的环戊二烯

采用管式连续反应器及釜式间歇反应器对石油裂解C5混合原料中的环戊二烯（CPD）进行热二聚，生成双环戊二烯（DCPD）后进行分离。深入研究了CPD浓度，反应温度和反应时间以及C6含量等因素对反应的影响，提出了不同情况下选择使用的反应条件和反应器型。     

热聚型石油树脂研究

以乙烯裂解副产物C5馏分经过分离装置处理得到的活性组分双环戊二烯 (DCPD)为原料、与脱环C5馏分和C9馏分混合 ,通过热聚合的方法生产出兼有C5石油树脂性质和C9石油树脂性质的优良树脂。简介了产品生产工艺及热聚方案 ,讨论了反应温度、C9原料以及DCPD含量对热聚型石油树脂的收率、软化点及色相的影响。     

三环戊二烯的合成研究

以双环戊二烯(DCPD)为原料,在高温下与解聚生成的环戊二烯(CPD)发生Diels-Alder双烯加成反应,制备非晶型环烯烃(COC)光学材料单体三环戊二烯(TCPD)。考察了反应温度、压力和时间对加成反应的影响,确定较佳的工艺条件为:反应温度150℃,反应压力0.2 MPa,反应时间6 h。在此条件下,TCPD产品收率为82.5%(以原料DCPD计),质量分数为99.5%[面积归一化法(GC)]。产物结构经过~1H NMR和MS表征。     

三步法合成双环戊二烯石油树脂

双环戊二烯(DCPD)主要来自石油裂解制乙烯副产物的C5馏分和煤炭焦化副产物。以DCPD为主要原料,采用三步法进行热聚合反应,得到了高品质的DCPD石油树脂。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比等对DCPD石油树脂的影响,确定了热聚合最佳工艺条件:m(双环戊二烯)∶m(溶剂)∶m(混合碳五)∶m(间戊二烯)=5∶3∶1∶1,第一阶段反应温度200℃,反应时间1 h,第二阶段反应温度260℃,反应时间5 h,第三阶段反应温度200℃,反应时间12 h,成品树脂色度(Gardner)小于4~#,软化点90~110℃,产品收率大于50%。     

一种制备高纯度双环戊二烯的方法

<正>本发明公开了一种制备高纯度双环戊二烯(DCPD)的方法。以粗双环戊二烯为原料,在解聚过程中加入稀释剂,双环戊二烯与稀释剂按0.5~5的比例混合后进入解聚精馏塔;在常压下,解聚温度为160℃~200℃,回流比为0.5~5,解聚时间为1h~3h。塔顶获得高纯度的环戊二烯(CPD),环戊二烯再经一管式反应器,反应温度为 40℃~120℃,反应压力为(0.1~1.5)MPa,停留时间为 4h~10h,最终获得纯度     

甲基环戊二烯的合成研究

以环戊二烯(CPD)、金属钠和一氯甲烷为原料合成甲基环戊二烯,包括制备环戊二烯钠和环戊二烯钠甲基化两步反应。结果表明,反应温度及环戊二烯与钠的摩尔比对甲基环戊二烯的收率影响显著。双环戊二烯的最佳解聚温度为250℃,对于CPD与钠的反应,反应初期温度应控制在较低的温度,以减少CPD二聚反应;反应后期可将温度升高至28℃,以加快CPD与钠的反应速率。最佳的CPD与钠摩尔比为2.2,此时甲基环戊二烯的收率达86%。     

甲基环戊二烯的合成研究

以环戊二烯（CPD）、金属钠和一氯甲烷为原料合成甲基环戊二烯,包括制备环戊二烯钠和环戊二烯钠甲基化两步反应。结果表明,反应温度及环戊二烯与钠的摩尔比对甲基环戊二烯的收率影响显著。双环戊二烯的最佳解聚温度为250℃,对于CPD与钠的反应,反应初期温度应控制在较低的温度,以减少CPD二聚反应;反应后期可将温度升高至28℃,以加快CPD与钠的反应速率。最佳的CPD与钠摩尔比为2.2,此时甲基环戊二烯的收率达86%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。