无纺布基人造革

本文阐述了无纺布基人造革与常见针织物或机织物基人造革的结构、性能区别,论述了无纺布基人造革的生产方法和仿皮革材料对无纺布基的要求,并对国内外无纺布基人造革的现状和发展方向作了分析。     

阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的性能研究

研究了阻燃母粒法和整理法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的力学性能、热性能和阻燃性能。结果表明:阻燃母粒法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的断裂强力与PP纺粘无纺布的接近,但断裂伸长率要低,后整理法制得的纺粘无纺布的力学性能与PP纺粘无纺布的接近;两种方法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的热性能均优于PP纺粘无纺布,在1000℃左右时,有24.0%～33.2%的炭残渣,成炭性较好;两种方法制得的阻燃PP纺粘无纺布的阻燃性能良好,其中用阻燃剂B整理后的PP纺粘无纺布其阻燃效果优于阻燃剂A整理的PP纺粘无纺布。     

聚乙烯醇改性无纺布的制备及耐污染性能的研究

采用表面涂覆法,将聚乙烯醇(PVA)薄膜固定在聚丙烯无纺布表面,进行表面亲水改性.通过测定未改性及改性无纺布表面的静态水接触角,评价改性无纺布表面的亲水性;通过测定未改性及改性无纺布牛血清蛋白(BSA)静态吸附量、在膜生物反应器中未改性及改性无纺布表面附着污泥的固定性胞外聚合物(EPSB)和溶解性胞外聚合物(EPSS)动态吸附量和组分(蛋白质/多糖,P/C)以及膜通量,评价改性无纺布的耐污染性能.结果表明,无纺布表面复合PVA薄膜,明显提高了无纺布表面的亲水性,水静态接触角从改性前的86°±1°降至改性后的43°±3°;牛血清蛋白(BSA)静态吸附量降低了83.4%;未改性与改性无纺布的EPSB吸附量相差很小,而EPSS吸附量相差很大;未改性无纺布EPSB和EPSS的P/C均大于改性无纺布;另外,在膜生物反应器运行期间,未改性及改性无纺布的膜通量分别衰减了40%和12%.说明通过复合PVA薄膜,提高无纺布表面的亲水性,能有效抑制蛋白质的吸附和通量的降低,增加无纺布的耐污染性能.     

非织造布

991232纤维素纤维在无纺布生产中的应用Sames G.;Chem.Fibers Intern.,1998,48,(3),p.203一(英)无纺布工业经历了一个混乱的时期。市场容量的稳步增长意味着对一些生产技术提出了更高要求,即要开发新的生产技术又要对现存的技术进行改良。文章对纤维素纤维水针刺无纺布的各种用途以及各种物理性能作了途述。还对LyoceU、粘胶和PET三元混合无纺布在针刺和水针刺加工性能及在强力、密度、厚度等性能作了比较。文章认为100克/米,以下的针刺法无纺布几乎没有任何实际应用的可能性,针刺法无纺布克重应在160克/米2以上。水刺法无纺布则要比针…     

新型改性熔喷无纺布润湿性能研究

采用了一种新型工艺的熔喷无纺布,通过新型熔喷无纺布和传统熔喷无纺布的厚度和孔径测试来对比分析比较两种熔喷无纺布的厚度均匀度和孔径大小。同时,由于熔喷无纺布固有的亲水性能差特点,试验又进一步比较了不同质量浓度亲水助剂的情况下,含有PET的新型无纺布和纯PP无纺布的吸水性能以及芯吸性能的比较。结果表明:新型熔喷无纺布的厚度均匀,孔径大,织物更为蓬松。在亲水吸水性能上,样品在低质量浓度助剂的长时间作用下也能达到高质量浓度助剂作用的效果。且新型熔喷无纺布能吸收储存的水量也要比纯PP无纺布要多。在芯吸性能方面,虽然两种无纺布芯吸测试结果最终液面的爬升高度都趋于一致,但结合吸水率和芯吸的现象来看,新型熔喷无纺布的吸水率明显高于纯PP无纺布,且含水更多,也更保水。     

医用无纺布的应用概况及开发前景

介绍了医用无纺布的应用概况(包括护理、医院用品、外科手术及病理检查等);医用效果;制品开发;灭菌及其质量要求.指出现代科学技术的发展为无纺布的进步提供了条件;医疗卫生领域又为医用无纺布提供了市场.     

降解法在煤基聚丙烯生产中的应用

以中煤陕西公司煤基聚丙烯为研究对象,采用降解法制得了无纺布专用料。探讨了规模化生产存在的问题及相关工艺控制,并将其与石化基聚丙烯无纺布进行了力学性能对比。结果表明,采用降解法生产的煤基聚丙烯无纺布性能与石化基聚丙烯无纺布性能相近,且具有更好的韧性,满足无纺布力学性能的要求。     

抗菌无纺布的制备及其抗菌性能的表征

将纯棉无纺布先后经多巴胺缓冲溶液和硝酸银溶液处理,制备了一种具有持久抗菌功能的纯棉无纺布.将洗净烘干的纯棉无纺布在多巴胺缓冲溶液中浸泡24 h,使多巴胺发生氧化自聚合反应,在无纺布表面形成聚多巴胺涂层,然后再用硝酸银溶液浸泡,使银离子发生原位还原成纳米银附着在无纺布表面.分别通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外...     

用于再生棉无纺布低毒脲醛胶的生产

氨基树脂 (如脲醛 )多被用作无纺布的粘合剂。然而传统的脲醛树脂因为甲醛与尿素的摩尔比高 ,所以 ,游离甲醛含量也高 ,生产出来的无纺布的甲醛释放量亦高[1] ,从而严重地影响了无纺布的出口。针对这种情况 ,用低摩尔比生产低毒脲醛树脂胶并应用于再生棉无纺布 (该无纺布主要用途为锈花 ) ,可取得较为满意的效果。1　脲醛树脂胶在无纺布中的使用情况及性能要求再生棉主要是指用棉布边角料或废料经重新开松形成的纤维。用这种棉纤维经梳理、铺网、浸渍、烘干成卷后制成的无纺布主要用于服装锈花。其中浸渍时用的粘合剂主要是脲醛树脂胶 (通常…     

聚丙烯纤维现状及发展趋势

综述了聚丙烯(PP)长纤维、短纤维、纺黏无纺布及熔喷无纺布的生产工艺及设备.分析了不同品种的PP纤维对PP树脂性能的要求.多功能纤维、双组分纤维、异型纤维、高强纤维等是今后PP纤维的发展趋势.随着PP无纺布应用领域的不断扩大,PP纤维在无纺布技术生产纺织品上的份额将不断上升.同时,指出了多功能纤维专用树脂和纺黏熔喷无纺...     

熔融纺丝成形条件对PET初生丝超分子结构及其力学性能的影响——第1报 不同纺速下PET初生丝超分子结构及其力学性能的研究

本文借助于沸水收缩率、自然拉伸比以及用X射线衍射法测定的结晶度,表观晶粒尺寸和晶区取向因子等指标来描述熔融纺丝时不同纺速下PET初生丝的超分子结构。纺丝速度在1500～4800m/min范围内变化。测得的数据表明在较低的纺速下卷取的PET初生丝是不结晶的,而在较高纺速下纺制的PET初生丝结晶度要高得多。在实验的纺速范围内,PET初生丝的结晶度在纺速增加的过程中有突变现象,这主要是分子取向诱导所致,也即存在一个诱导结晶的临界取向度。最后,就不同纺速下PET初生丝的力学性能特征值进行了讨论。     

Mechanical, thermal and ablative properties of interply continuous/spun hybrid carbon composites

The mechanical and thermal properties of interply hybrid carbon fiber (continuous and spun fabric)/phenolic composite materials have been studied. Hybrid carbon/phenolic composites (hybrid CP) with continuous carbon fabric of high tensile, flexural strength and spun carbon fabric of better interlaminar shear strength and lower thermal conductivity are investigated in terms of mechanical properties as well as thermal properties.Through hybridization, tensile strength and modulus of spun type carbon fabric reinforced phenolic composites (spun CP) increased by approximately 28% and 20%, respectively. Hybrid CP also exhibits better interlaminar shear strength than continuous carbon fabric/phenolic composites (continuous CP).The in-plane thermal conductivity of hybrid CP is 4-8% lower than that of continuous CP. As continuous filament type carbon fiber volume fraction increases, the transversal thermal conductivity of hybrid CP decreases.The erosion rate and insulation index were examined using torch test. Spun CP has a higher insulation index than continuous CP and hybrid CP over the entire temperature range. Hybrid CP with higher content of spun fabric exhibits higher insulation index as well as lower erosion rate.     

Gel‐spun polyacrylonitrile fiber from pregelled spinning solution

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers have been gel spun from pregelled PAN spinning solution. The pregelled solution had network structure with elevated spinnability, the as‐spun fiber from which had more circular cross‐section and reduced skin‐core difference. Drawing was more effective in inducing the segmental orientation and crystallization in gel‐spun fiber than in dry–wet spun fiber. The mechanical properties of the gel‐spun fiber were better than those of the dry–wet spun fiber after multi‐stage drawing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

一步法聚酰亚胺纤维的制备及其性能研究

利用实验室自制的聚酰亚胺(P)I溶液,通过干湿法纺丝制得PI初生纤维。在以水和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)混合溶液(体积比8∶2)作为凝固浴,凝固浴温度为5～15℃的条件下,所得初生纤维结构均匀密实,纤维截面呈圆形或腰圆形。在对初生纤维进行热处理时,随着热处理温度升高和时间增加,PI纤维的力学性能增强。当热处理温度为300～320℃、时间为30 min时,PI纤维的力学性能最优,其断裂强度和初始模量达到2.474 cN/dtex和50.066 cN/dtex;当热处理温度高于320℃,时间超过1 h,纤维力学性能又缓慢下降。纤维的热稳定性较好,在500℃左右仍具有较好的热稳定性。     

同轴静电纺多级微纳米纤维膜的制备及其相变调温性能

为开发适宜人体温度的相变调温纺织品,采用同轴静电纺丝的方法将聚乙二醇(PEG)作为芯层封装在氮化硼(BN)增强的聚丙烯腈(PAN)壳层中,制备出氮化硼/聚丙烯腈/聚乙二醇(BN/PAN/PEG)复合相变纤维。研究了相变材料配比及BN浓度对纺丝膜形貌、热性能的影响,并对纤维膜进行热成像分析、热重分析表。结果表明:PEG1500与PEG1000-2在量比为6∶1时,复合相变材料的相变温度为36.4 ℃,满足人体温度舒适度要求;BN的质量分数为9%时,复合相变材料的热导响应性和储热效果最好。     

Properties of cotton yarns after slack swelling and stretching in presence or absence of alkali. II

An investigation on the properties of solution‐stretched ring spun and rotor spun cotton yarns at regular time intervals was made. Significant changes in the properties of these yarns are observed. The changes in fine structure are evaluated by means of infra red spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction methods. Ring spun cotton yarns exhibit better abrasion resistance than do rotor spun yarns. Abrasion resistance of NS‐ring and rotor spun yarns is higher than their counter parts. WS‐ring spun yarns are characterized by higher compression values, explaining the softness produced by the stretching treatment. The dyeability of the treated yarns is also studied with reactive dye, and the color values are found to be significantly greater for WS‐ring and rotor spun yarns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Development of Molecular Anisotropy in Centrifugally Spun Fibers as Compared to Electrospun Fibers

The molecular anisotropy that is developed in microscale, centrifugally spun atactic‐polystyrene fibers prepared from the solution state is examined. Small angle neutron scattering is utilised to examine the molecular orientation of the polymer chain conformation in centrifugally spun fiber samples and comparisons are made to anisotropy developed in electrospun fiber samples. The average values of molecular anisotropy developed in the centrifugally spun fibers measured a ratio of the radius of gyration parallel to‐/perpendicular to‐ the fiber axis as 1.02, lower than the average of 1.05 observed for the electrospinning process. The highest level of anisotropy observed for the centrifugally spun fiber samples is ≈1.04, compared with a value of 1.063 for electrospinning. A model of chain anisotropy development in the centrifugal spinning process relating to the tangential speed and solvent evaporation is described.

     

Gel spinning of polyacrylonitrile fibers with medium molecular weight

A new gel‐spinning method was employed to prepare polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers from a PAN spinning solution with dimethylsulfoxide and water as a mixed solvent. Aging at 25 °C for 120 min brought the spinning solution to the sol–gel transition and a three‐dimensional gel formed before entering the coagulation bath. The as‐spun fibers from the solution at the sol–gel transition and in the gel state possess a circular cross‐section. Compared with dry‐jet wet‐spun fibers, the gel‐spun fibers have a more compact structure, fewer voids and better mechanical properties after a three‐stage drawing. Moreover, the gel‐spun fibers obtained from the extraction bath have a more homogeneous microstructure and better packed supermolecular structure. The physical properties of the extracted gel‐spun fibers are also better than those of coagulated gel‐spun fibers. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

高速纺有光三叶异形涤纶POY色丝的生产工艺

介绍了２５５ｄｔｅｘ/３６ｆ有光三叶异形涤纶ＰＯＹ色丝的生产原料、设备及工艺参数。     

On the electrospinning of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber mats: A revisit

Electrospinning was used to fabricate mats of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA; M_w = 72,000 Da, degree of hydrolysis ≈ 97.5–99.5) nanofibers from PVA solutions in reverse osmotic water. The effects of solution concentration, applied electrical potential, sonication, and collection distance on morphological appearance and diameters of the as‐spun fiber mats as well as those of the individual fibers were carefully investigated mainly by scanning electron microscopy. The effect of the distance from the center of the as‐spun fiber mat on morphological appearance and diameters of the as‐spun fibers was also investigated. The mechanical integrity of some as‐spun PVA fiber mats was also investigated. At all concentrations and applied electrical potentials investigated, the average diameters of the as‐spun PVA fibers ranged between 85 and 647 nm. The use of sonication to prepare a PVA solution caused the viscosity of the solution to decrease; hence, the observed decrease in the average diameters of the as‐spun fibers and the average diameters of the as‐spun fibers were practically the same throughout the as‐spun fiber mat. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008