卷积神经网络模型剪枝结合张量分解压缩方法

针对卷积神经网络（CNN）拥有巨大的参数量及计算量,限制了其在嵌入式系统等资源受限设备上应用的问题,提出了基于统计量的网络剪枝结合张量分解的神经网络压缩方法,其核心思想是以均值和方差作为评判权值贡献度的依据。首先,以Lenet5为剪枝模型,网络各卷积层的均值和方差分布以聚类方式分离出提取特征较弱的滤波器,而使用保留的滤波器重构下一层卷积层;然后,将剪枝方法结合张量分解对更快的区域卷积神经网络（Faster RCNN）进行压缩,低维卷积层采取剪枝方法,而高维卷积层被分解为三个级联卷积层;最后,将压缩后的模型进行微调,使其在训练集上重新达到收敛状态。在PASCAL VOC测试集上的实验结果表明,所提方法降低了Faster RCNN模型54%的存储空间而精确率仅下降了0.58%,同时在树莓派4B系统上达到1.4倍的前向计算加速,有助于深度CNN模型在资源受限的嵌入式设备上的部署。     

图像反卷积边界效应的快速抑制算法

基于频域的图像反卷积算法假设输入信号被周期延拓,但边界处的不连续会导致结果产生严重的振铃效应.为此,提出一种快速有效的边界效应抑制算法.首先在现有基于图像延拓的算法的基础上,将延拓区域的定义简化为3种类型;然后提出一种具有对称系数的卷积金字塔滤波器组模型.基于这种模型,在某种特殊图像上针对每种类型的区域各训练一组滤波器组系数,并将由此训练得到的滤波器组用于求解其他图像相应类型的延拓区域.实验结果表明,该算法避免了求解大型稀疏线性方程组,在不影响图像反卷积精度的前提下,可将延拓区域的计算速度提高2个数量级以上,有效地抑制各种频域反卷积算法的振铃效应.     

卷积神经网络模型剪枝结合张量分解压缩方法

针对卷积神经网络（CNN）拥有巨大的参数量及计算量，限制了其在嵌入式系统等资源受限设备上应用的问题，提出了基于统计量的网络剪枝结合张量分解的神经网络压缩方法，其核心思想是以均值和方差作为评判权值贡献度的依据。首先，以Lenet5为剪枝模型，网络各卷积层的均值和方差分布以聚类方式分离出提取特征较弱的滤波器，而使用保留的滤波器重构下一层卷积层；然后，将剪枝方法结合张量分解对更快的区域卷积神经网络（Faster RCNN）进行压缩，低维卷积层采取剪枝方法，而高维卷积层被分解为三个级联卷积层；最后，将压缩后的模型进行微调，使其在训练集上重新达到收敛状态。在PASCAL VOC测试集上的实验结果表明，所提方法降低了Faster RCNN模型54%的存储空间而精确率仅下降了0.58%，同时在树莓派4B系统上达到1.4倍的前向计算加速，有助于深度CNN模型在资源受限的嵌入式设备上的部署。     

基于参数子空间和缩放因子的YOLO剪枝算法

为保证YOLO网络在嵌入式设备上正常运行,需采用剪枝算法精简滤波器以减小网络存储空间和计算量,而现有剪枝算法耗时较长且剪枝精度较低。提出一种基于参数子空间和批量归一化(BN)层缩放因子的双准则剪枝算法。将卷积层滤波器通过k均值聚类得到不同参数子空间,在子空间内使滤波器按权重排序并去除权重较低的滤波器,同时采用BN层缩放因子剪枝算法避免剪枝精度下降。实验结果表明,采用该算法剪枝后的YOLOv3网络在精度不变的情况下,占用的内存减少5/6且计算时间缩短1/3,与PF、CP等剪枝算法相比,该算法在保持较高网络精度的情况下计算量更少。     

YOLO检测网络的FPGA加速计算模型的研究

FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)凭借其高并行和可定制化的特点,可以解决目标检测网络结构复杂、计算量大和存储开销高等问题.本文基于FPGA验证平台研究并实现了YOLO(You Only Look Once)系列神经网络的加速计算模型.首先采用动态定点量化方法降低了数据存储和传输量.然后针对YOLO模型中两类计算开销大的典型卷积层,采用了流水线,循环展开,模块融合等策略分别实现了基于Winograd和GEMM的快速卷积计算引擎,提高加速计算效率.实验结果表明,本文在PYNQ-Z1验证平台上获得的计算性能达到64.9 GOP/s,比基于典型滑动窗口卷积计算方法的性能提高了2.15倍.     

锥束CT感兴趣区域图像重建研究

针对锥束CT感兴趣区域扫描中存在的截断投影数据图像重建问题,提出用基于迭代的代数重建(ART)算法进行重建。锥束ART算法的缺点是计算量大、重建速度慢。为了提高该算法的重建速度,提出了一种基于多核平台的快速并行图像重建方法。首先将三维重建区域等分为上下两块,相应地,探测器平面也分为上下两部分;然后通过双线性插值计算虚拟探测器投影数据;最后通过多线程技术在多核平台上实现了ART算法的并行重建,在保持较高重建精度的同时取得了约两倍的重建加速比。在此基础上,通过仿真实验对3DShepp-Logan模型不同感兴趣区域进行了重建,实验结果表明,ART算法用于感兴趣区域图像重建是可行的。     

采用伪3D卷积网络的脑部MRI图像超分辨率重建

针对现有深度学习医学图像超分辨率重建算法因网络参数量大导致计算复杂度过高、网络难以训练的问题,提出一种采用伪3D卷积的轻量级密集残差连接3D卷积神经网络(P3DSRNet)模型.首先利用密集残差块拓宽残差块中卷积层的通道,将更多的特征信息传送到激活函数,使网络中浅层图像特征更容易地传播到高层,增强医学图像超分辨率的表达...     

基于PCA的深度可分离卷积滤波器剪枝算法研究

为了解决DCNN计算量大的问题,文章提出了一种基于PCA的深度可分离卷积的滤波器剪枝方法.首先,采用深度可分离卷积代替ResNet中的普通卷积.先使用逐通道卷积在空间维度上进行分离,以增加网络宽度并扩大特征提取范围,再利用逐点卷积降低普通卷积操作的计算复杂度.其次,采用PCA降维区分堆叠的相似过滤器,不仅缓解维度灾难而...     

一种改进的广义标签多伯努利机动扩展目标跟踪算法

针对广义标签多伯努利滤波器(GLMB)预测步和更新步分别需要进行剪枝而导致计算量大、运行效率低且只考虑到单个运动模型的问题,提出一种多模型一步更新广义标签多伯努利机动扩展目标跟踪算法.首先通过公式推导将预测步与更新步合并,给出一种新的一步递归表达式;然后将多模型思想引入到一步递归表达式中,得到最终的多模型一步更新方程,同时基于吉布斯采样提出一种快速剪枝方法对其进行剪枝.由于改进后的滤波算法只涉及到一次剪枝且剪枝方法高效,算法的运行时间大大缩短;同时,由于采用了多模型思想,对机动目标的跟踪精度有了一定的提高.仿真实验表明,所提出的改进算法可以有效估计机动目标状态,且相比于多模型标签多伯努利滤波器(MMGLMB)计算效率明显提高.     

一种基于分布式编码的卷积优化算法

卷积在统计学、信号处理、图像处理、深度学习等领域有着广泛的应用,且起到了至关重要的作用。在深度神经网络中,使用卷积运算对输入信息进行特征提取的方法是实现神经网络的基础计算单元之一。如何优化卷积的运算速度,提高卷积计算效率一直是亟需探讨的问题。近年来,很多研究指出分布式计算架构可以提高卷积神经网络的计算速度,进而优化深度学习的训练效率,然而由于分布式系统中普遍存在落跑者问题(straggler),该问题可能会拖慢整个系统执行任务的时间,因此该问题也成为了分布式深度学习中一个待解决的问题。文中针对二维卷积计算,结合Winograd算法和分布式编码,提出了一种优化的分布式二维卷积算法。Winograd算法能够有效地加速单次二维卷积计算的速度,分布式编码通过使用一种基于分布式冗余的编码方式能够缓解straggler节点对整个分布式系统计算延迟的影响。因此,提出的分布式二维卷积算法可以在加速二维卷积计算的同时有效缓解分布式系统中的straggler问题,有效提高了分布式卷积的计算效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.