Signal and image processing using three-dimensional binary ranking transforms

Because binary mathematical morphology permits fast local neighborhood operations by flash conversion, it is used extensively in high-speed pattern-recognition computer systems. Further, since anyN-dimensional integer function may be represented by an (N + 1)-dimensional binary (bilevel) function, ordinary two-dimensional graylevel images become three-dimensional binary images. Thus these images may be processed by high-speed flash-conversion computers assuming that a sufficiently compact three-dimensional kernel can be devised. The tetradekahedron of the face-centered-cubic tessellation forms a perfect kernel in three-dimensions. Its neighborhood is compact. It has total symmetry with all 12 neighbors equidistant from the central element. Using this kernel a variety of useful three-dimensional morphological operations may be performed for target track detection, shaded graphics, data clustering, automated focusing, and spatial filtering.This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute (Grant CA45047), the National Science Foundation (Grant DCR8611863), the Office of Naval Research (Contract Number N001488K-0435-N143), and the Department of Defense (delivery order 00055, San Diego State University Foundation, under Contract 85-D0203 from the Naval Ocean Systems Center).     

Image improvement and three-dimensional reconstruction using holographic image processing

Holographic computing principles make possible image improvement and synthesis in many cases of current scientific and engineering interest. Examples are given for the improvement of resolution in electron microscopy and 3-D reconstruction in electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography, following an analysis of optical versus digital computing in such applications.     

A programmable image processing system using FPGAs

Real-time image processing usually requires an enormous throughput rate and a huge number of operations. Parallel processing, in the form of specialized hardware, or multiprocessing are therefore indispensable. This piper describes a flexible programmable image processing system using the field programmable gate array (FPGA). The logic cell nature of currently available FPGA is most suitable for performing real-time bit-level image processing operations using the bit-level systolic concept. Here, we propose a novel architecture, the programmable image processing system (PIPS), for the integration of these programmable hardware and digital signal processors (DSPs) to handle the bit-level as well as the arithmetic operations found in many image processing applications. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by the implementation of a 1-D median filter.     

反射镜系统的光学图像处理

在文章中，对凹面反射镜在光学图像处理领域中的应用作了概述，并证明了反射镜对入射光场的影响可用一个只考虑其几何开头引起的位相延迟函数来表示，该函数类似于薄透镜     

Signal processing for hyperspectral image exploitation

Electro-optical remote sensing involves the acquisition of information about an object or scene without coming into physical contact with it. This is achieved by exploiting the fact that the materials comprising the various objects in a scene reflect, absorb, and emit electromagnetic radiation in ways characteristic of their molecular composition and shape. If the radiation arriving at the sensor is measured at each wavelength over a sufficiently broad spectral band, the resulting spectral signature, or simply spectrum, can be used (in principle) to uniquely characterize and identify any given material. An important function of hyperspectral signal processing is to eliminate the redundancy in the spectral and spatial sample data while preserving the high-quality features needed for detection, discrimination, and classification. This dimensionality reduction is implemented in a scene-dependent (adaptive) manner and may be implemented as a distinct step in the processing or as an integral part of the overall algorithm. The most widely used algorithm for dimensionality reduction is principal component analysis (PCA) or, equivalently, Karhunen-Loeve transformation     

An image processing system for locating craniofacial landmarks

A new automatic target recognition algorithm has been developed to extract craniofacial landmarks from lateral skull X-rays (cephalograms). The locations of these landmarks are used by orthodontists in what is referred to as a cephalometric evaluation. The evaluation assists in the diagnosis of anomalies and in the monitoring of treatments. The algorithm is based on gray-scale mathematical morphology. A statistical approach to training was used to overcome subtle differences in skeletal topographies. Decomposition was used to desensitize the algorithm to size differences. A system was trained to locate 20 landmarks. Tests on 40 X-rays showed an 85% recognition rate on average.     

基于图像处理的尿液流量测量系统

为了实现对危重病人尿流流量的检测,提出了一种基于图像处理的尿液流量测量系统.与工业上的液位检测系统相比,该系统采集到的图片中的液位不是很明显,但又需要液位检测过程简单高效.鉴于以上的矛盾,采用二值化检测储液盒底部和顶部刻度线,然后将底部线和顶部线之间的区城提取出来做接下来的运算.不仅减少运算量还对储液盒进行定位,提高了...     

基于DSP的CCD天文图像处理系统

介绍了一个基于DSP的CCD天文图像处理系统的软硬件实现。分析对比了传统的基于PC机的处理方法,提出了一种简化的背景估计方法,并在此基础上应用了按列扫描的目标提取方法。给出了一种对局部背景进行精确估计的方法,保证了星象中心和星等的计算精度。最后给出了系统的硬件结构以及DSP软件算法的流程。     

Onboard locating system using real-time image processing for aself-navigating vehicle

An onboard location system for a self-navigating vehicle using signposts with bar codes placed along the routes is described. The system has two independent measuring subsystems. The first is a machine vision system composed of an onboard camera, an onboard image processing unit, and signposts. This subsystem measures location and direction of the vehicle by triangulation when the signposts are detected. The second is a dead-reckoning subsystem based on rotation counts for the right and left wheels. Data from these two subsystems are systematically combined by an extended Kalman filter. The experimental results show that an accurate and smooth estimation of the location and direction of the vehicle is obtained     

Crowd monitoring using image processing

The understanding of crowd behaviour in semi-confined spaces is an important part of the design of new pedestrian facilities, for major layout modifications to existing areas and for the daily management of sites-subject to crowd traffic. Conventional manual measurement techniques are not suitable for comprehensive data collection of patterns of site occupation and movement. Real-time monitoring is tedious and tiring, but safety-critical. This paper presents some image processing techniques being developed at King's College London which, using existing closed-circuit television systems, can support both data collection and on-line monitoring of crowds. The application of these methods could lead to a better understanding of crowd behaviour, improved design of the built environment and increased pedestrian safety     

一种图像监测处理装置

设计了一种薄雾天气环境下的图像监测处理装置,本装置可对采集到的图像进行是否需要去雾的判别,以及对需要去雾的图像进行去雾处理,并最终得到视觉效果优异的图像,同时由于本装置设置了图像存储模块,可对图像信息进行存储管理,进一步优化了系统的处理时效,且具有结构简单、易实现等优点.     

Signal processing using cellular neural networks

The cellular neural network (CNN) architecture combines the best features from traditional fully-connected analog neural networks and digital cellular automata. The network can rapidly process continuous-valued (gray-scale) input signals (such as images) and perform many computation functions which traditionally were implemented in digital form. Here, we briefly introduce the the theory of CNN circuits, provide some examples of CNN applications to image processing, and discuss work toward a CNN implementation in custom CMOS VLSI. The role of analog computer-aided design (CAD) will be briefly presented as it relates to analog neural network implementation.This work is supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-89-J1402, and the National Science Foundation under grant MIP-8912639.     

一种成像制导信息处理机测试系统的设计

成像制导信息处理机是成像制导技术的核心,信息处理机性能的好坏对精确制导有着决定性的影响.成像制导信息处理机测试系统的研制对节省科研经费,提高成像制导武器的打击精度有着重要意义.针对信息处理机的工作过程及性能要求,设计了一种信息处理机的测试系统.该测试系统包含有多种数据接口,可以对信息处理机性能进行有效地测试,同时具有图像数据采集功能,满足了系统设计要求.     

Vision-based hexagonal image processing using Hex-Gabor

About 97% receptive field of the neurons is very closely described as 2D Gabor wavelet and it is mostly suitable for vision system modeling. Immense work is available on texture information, especially for rectangular structures. However, there is a little work in recognizing minute details in an image on hexagonal structure by either interpolation or enhancement. In this work, the two important operations of biological visual system such as enhancement and interpolation are performed using the Hex-Gabor process. It is possible to obtain an error-free image at sigma = 2/pi using the proposed Hex-Gabor process and the significance of this sigma value is proved. For the performance analysis standard reflected images and X-ray images are considered.     

Image processing using acoustic surface waves

An application of acoustic surface waves for image processing is reported. The information compression of videophone signals takes advantage of the so-called Hadamard transformation. Acoustic-surface-wave tapped delay lines are efficient for the achievement of such a transform in a low-cost real-time device. The results of initial experiments are reported.     

Image processing using one-dimensional processor arrays

The first half of this paper presents the design rationale for CNAPS, a specialized one-dimensional (1-D) processor array developed by Adaptive Solutions Inc. In this context, we discuss the problem of Amdahl's law which severely constrains special-purpose architectures. We also discuss specific architectural decisions such as the kind of parallelism, the computational precision of the processors, on-chip versus off-chip processor memory, and-most importantly-the interprocessor communication architecture. We argue that, for our particular set of applications, a 1-D architecture gives the best “bang for the buck”, even when compared to the more traditional two-dimensional (2-D) architecture. The second half of this paper describes how several simple algorithms map to the CNAPS array. Our results show that the CNAPS 1-D array offers excellent performance over a range of IP algorithms. We also briefly look at the performance of CNAPS as a pattern recognition engine because many image processing and pattern recognition problems are intimately related     

Wound status evaluation using color image processing

An accurate diagnosis of burns and pressure ulcers in the early stages can be made by computerized image processing. This study describes a critical assessment of potential methodologies for noninvasive wound evaluation using a color imaging system. The authors also developed a method for quantifying histological readings and applied these techniques to a porcine animal model of wound formation. Differences in calibrated hue between injured and noninjured skin provided a repeatable differentiation of wound severity for situations when the time of injury was known. This color analysis allowed statistically significant differentiation of mild, moderate, and severe injuries within 30 minutes after the application of the injury. It was more difficult to distinguish wound severity one to four days later, however the correlation re-emerged when the wounds were five to seven days old. This technique could be adapted for assessing and tracking wound severity in humans in a clinical setting     

Color image processing using adaptive multichannel filters

New adaptive filters for color image processing are introduced and analyzed. The proposed adaptive methodology constitutes a unifying and powerful framework for multichannel signal processing. Using the proposed methodology, color image filtering problems are treated from a global viewpoint that readily yields and unifies previous, seemingly unrelated, results. The new filters utilize Bayesian techniques and nonparametric methodologies to adapt to local data in the color image. The principles behind the new filters are explained in detail. Simulation studies indicate that the new filters are computationally attractive and have excellent performance.     

采用FPGA实现视频和图像处理设计

视频和图像处理发展趋势 以视频和图像处理为核心的HDTV和数字影院等创新技术的进展非常迅速,其推动力量在于图像采集和显示分辨率、高级压缩方法以及视频智能的跨越式发展.