荞麦籽油的脂肪酸组成与含量分析

通过气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)测定荞麦籽油中的脂肪酸含量,用外标法与峰面积归一法进行定量分析。荞麦籽油脂肪酸种类丰富,以不饱和脂肪酸为主,其中单不饱和脂肪酸为45.10%,多不饱和脂肪酸为32.76%。荞麦籽油中4种脂肪酸含量:油酸亚油酸棕榈酸硬脂酸。     

The oxygenated fatty acid of calendula seed oil

The seed oil ofCalendula officinalis l. contains a monohydroxy acid amounting to some 5% of its component acids. This acid has been isolated and shown to be D-(+)-9-hydroxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid, probably 10-trans,12-cis. D.S.I.R. Fellow (1963–64) at Brunel College; Unilever Research Fellow (1961–64) at Brunel College;     

Environmental effects on fatty acid levels in soybean seed oil

FA composition determines the quality of vegetable oil. Soybean breeders have generated and used mutations in FA genes to develop altered FA profiles in the seed. However, the expression of the alleles and the relative activity of the gene products are often dependent on the environment, and these facts have hampered the breeding efforts. To investigate the environmental effect on FA composition of soybean seed oil in specific mutant material developed at the University of Guelph, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed from a cross between a low palmitate (16∶0) line and a high-stearate (18∶0) parent. The RIL population was field-tested across three environments over 2 yr. A combined ANOVA for FA composition was conducted to determine the year and location effects on the expression of FA alleles in this material. The results indicated that linolenic (18∶3) level was most vulnerable to the environmental changes. Year effects accounted for a greater amount of variance than location effects for 16∶0, 18∶0, and 18∶1, whereas location effects were more important than year effects for the relative amounts of 18∶2 and 18∶3. Genotype × environment (year, location) interaction effects were significant for the relative amounts of all five FA according to the combined ANOVA. Our results indicated that the extreme minimum daily temperatures during September seed fill period, rather than the means or the maximum temperature, may be responsible for the ratio of saturated vs. unsaturated FA in soybean oil.     

Elm seed oil II. Studies on fatty acid separation

Summary None of the procedures tried gave quantitative recoveries of saturated acids. The results obtained by the lead salt-amylene mthod were better than those obtained with lead salts and petroleum ether. Unsaturated acids could not be determined by the amylene procedure, because of the formation of non-volatile polymerization products from the solvent. The use of ammonium and calcium salts did not lead to a successful separation. An attempted chemical separation by means ofp-nitrosodimethylaniline was unsuccessful because of the insolubility of the reaction product in dilute acid.     

A novel keto fatty acid from cassia occidentalis seed oil

A keto fatty acid (Z)-7-oxo-11-octadecenoic acid) has been isolated in appreciable amount (27.1%) from Cassia occidentalis seed oil. The identification was based on chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

Dihydrosterculic acid,a major fatty acid component ofEuphoria longana seed oil

The seed oil ofEuphoria longana, Sapindaceae, contains 17.4% of 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic (dihydrosterculic) acid. This identification is based on information from thin layer chromatography, infrared analysis, gas liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. Since GLC of the oil showed components that emerged between the usual triglycerides, the cyclopropanoid acid is apparently a triglyceride constituent. The presence of smaller amounts, less than 1%, of cyclopropanoid fatty acids of different chain lengths is indicated by GLC and TLC analyses of the methyl esters. The other major fatty acids in this oil are: 16∶0 (19%), 18∶0 (7%), 18∶1 (36%), 18∶2 (6%), 18∶3 (5%) and 20∶0 (4%).Euphoria oil contains considerably larger amounts of cyclopropanoid fatty acids than previously reported in other seed oils. Presented at the AOCS-AACC Joint Meeting, Washington, D.C., April 1968. No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div.; ARS, USDA.     

桂花果实油脂脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取桂花果实核仁中的油脂,通过GC-MS分析油脂中脂肪酸的组成及含量。结果显示,桂花果实核仁油脂中鉴定9种脂肪酸,主要包含油酸(39.04%)、亚油酸(33.15%)、棕榈酸(10.31%)、硬脂酸(3.80%)、9,12-十八二烯酸(4.62%)和γ-亚麻酸(6.44%)。其中油酸和亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸含量高达83.25%。桂花果实核仁中油脂的不饱和脂肪酸含量高,具有良好的应用前景。     

Cryptolepis buchnani seed oil: A rich source of keto fatty acid

A keto fatty acid (9-oxo-cis-12-octadecenoic acid) has been isolated in appreciable amounts (45.9%) fromCryptolepis buchnani seed oil. The identification was based on chemical and spectroscopic methods.     

制备生物柴油用高游离脂肪酸花椒籽油的酯化法降酸

花椒籽油要达到制备生物柴油的要求,必须进行降酸处理。简单介绍了降酸前处理中的脱胶和脱色,甲醇酯化降酸的较优工艺为:催化剂浓硫酸浓度为2%,醇油摩尔比为30∶1,反应时间为2.5 h,反应温度为60℃。在此条件下,花椒籽油酸值可由78.91 mg KOH/g降到1.56 mg KOH/g,可以满足后期制备生物柴油要求。     

Dihydroxy fatty acids inCardamine impatiens seed oil

The oil ofCardamine impatiens L. (Cruciferae) seed includes glycerides of a series of saturated long-chain vicinal dihydroxy fatty acids, which make up 25% by weight of the mixed fatty acids. The mixture of diols, after transesterification of the oil with methanol, can be crystallized from an ether solution of the mixed methyl esters and has the following composition: methyl 13,14-dihydroxydocosanoate, 66%; methyl 15,16-dihy-droxytetracosanoate, 24%; methyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate and methyl 11,12-dihydroxyeicosanoate, about 5% each. Chemical proof is presented showing that essentially all the diols have thecrythro configuration. Presented at AOCS meeting, Chicago, Ill., October 1964. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Keto fatty acids formCuspidaria pterocarpa seed oil

The seed oil ofCuspidaria pterocarpa contains three keto fatty acids with unusually long carbon chains: 15-oxo-cis-18-tetracosenoic (5.4%), 17-oxo-cis-20-hexacosenoic (13.4%), and 19-oxo-cis-22-octacosenoic (3.3%) acids. These acids were isolated by countercurrent distribution of the corresponding methyl esters. Their structures were established by oxidative degradation, by reduction to known compounds, and by nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra. Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Los Angeles, April 1966. No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Effect of seed maturity on seed oil,fatty acid and crude protein content of eightCuphea species

Thirty-six lots of eightCuphea species grown at nine geographical locations from 1983 to 1985 were analyzed for seed weight, oil percentage, fatty acid and crude protein content. Twenty-two samples were separated into two distinct seed maturity groups and also analyzed. Seed maturity varied widely but had little effect on oil percentage, even though mature seeds were significantly heavier than less mature seeds. Lauric acid content generally increased and capric acid decreased with increasing seed maturity. Crude protein of whole seeds and defatted seed meal increased with increasing seed maturity. The net effect of harvestingCuphea wrightii seeds at full maturity in comparison with that for less mature seeds was to increase seed weight by 12%, decrease capric acid by 3%, increase lauric acid by 2% and increase crude protein of whole seeds and defatted meal by 5% and 4%, respectively. Seed oil content was decreased by a statistically nonsignificant 1%. The effect of seed maturity was comparable for the other four lauric acid- and three capric acid-rich species, even though distinct species differences in all factors were measured. Location and environment contributed to some quantitative and qualitative changes, but these factors are not considered to be major sources of variation. It is concluded that variation in seed maturity does not present a major constraint to commercialization ofCuphea as a new, alternative source of lauric and other medium-chain fatty acids. The ultimate significance of these minor changes will depend upon relative yields, demands and values of the various seed components.     

Effects of processing on physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition ofhibiscus sabdariffa seed oil

Expeller pressed crudeHibiscus sabdariffa seed oil (mesta oil) is dark and most unappealing. On refining, the appearance of the oil is improved. The unusual fatty acids present in theH. sabdariffa seed oil, cyclopropene acids (malvalic C₁₈H₃₂O₂ and sterculic C₁₉H₃₄O₂) and epoxy oleic acid (C₁₈H₃₂O₃), are not reduced by refining. Partial hydrogenation did not reduce the epoxy oleic acid, but it eliminated the cyclopropene acids. Heating for 10 min was sufficient for complete elimination of cyclopropene acids, but heating up to 60 min did not affect the epoxy acid.     

Chromatographic analysis of seed oils. II. fatty acid composition of dimorphotheca oil

The fatty acid composition ofDimorphotheca sinuata seed oil was determined by use of column and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and UV, IE, and nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. The presence of a small amount of epoxy esters was confirmed by n.m.r. spectroscopy in conjunction with GLC and TLC. The presence of ca. 2.5% of 9-keto-trans,trans- 10,12-octadeca-dienoic acid, previously unrecognized as a constituent of dimorphotheca oil, was established. The estimated fatty acid composition of dimorphotheca oil is 66.5% dimorphecolic, 14% linoleic, 10% oleic, 4.5% palmitic and stearic, and 5% miscellaneous acids.     

氢化棉油脂肪酸蔗糖酯的合成工艺研究

以氢化棉油脂肪酸和蔗糖为原料合成了氢化棉油脂肪酸蔗糖酯 ,最佳合成条件为 n(脂肪酸酯 )∶ n(蔗糖 ) =1∶ 1,亲合剂为反应物质量的 3 0 % ,催化剂用量为反应物质量的 2 .1% ,反应温度为 15 5℃ ,反应时间为 6h     

Effect of unusual acids on selected seed oil analyses

In the course of chemical compositional studies on seed oils from more than 2600 species of uncultivated plants, a number of new acids were isolated and structurally characterized at our laboratory. Also included in the studies were many fatty acids previously identified but not widely distributed or readily available. Oils containing unusual functional groups often gave unexpected responses to analytical procedures in frequent use. To exemplify the analytical results, data are presented relative to behavior of oils containing oxygenated fatty acids, cyclopropene rings, unusual types and positions of unsaturation, differing chain length, and sundry combinations of these, in the following procedures: Determinatio of polyunsaturated acids by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; iodine value versus refractive index plot to single out unusual oils; oxirane oxygen by HBr titration; gas-liquid chromatography; infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; and lipoxidase assay. Preliminary experimentation on an automatic analytical hydrogenation apparatus indicates good potential, in its aplication to both usual and unusual oils, for a rapid determination of total unsaturation with acceptable accuracy and precision. Honorable mention, Bond Award, Fall, 1964. No. Utiliz. Res. and Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.     

Tall oil fatty acid marketing

Once considered a low cost by-product of crude tall oil fractionation, tall oil fatty acids are now being used for their own distinctive and specific properties in special applications. Consumption of tall oil fatty acids in protective coatings, soaps, and ore flotation has declined in recent years, however, usage in chemical intermediates has increased significantly in the past 10 years. These intermediates are dimer acids, oleic and linoleic acids, epoxidized esters, amidoamines, and diacids. Static tall oil production during the mid 1970s caused by changes in paper mill operations (i.e., continuous digestion, waste recycling, increased usage of chips and hard wood) has increased the demand for higher priced oleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids.     

TheTrans-6 fatty acids ofPicramnia sellowii seed oil

The C₁₈ monoenoic acids inPicramnia sellowii Planch. seed oil include bothcis-andtrans-6-octadecenoic acids, as well as oleic acid. The hexadecenoic acids are also thecis- andtrans-Δ6-isomers, and the eicosenoic acids have Δ6-unsaturation of undetermined geometric configuration. The C₁₈ polyenoic acids detected are 9,12- and 6,9-octadecadienoic and 9,12,15- and 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acids. Partial investigation of another species,P. pentandra Sw., revealed its oil to have a similar fatty acid composition. Presented in part at AOCS Meeting, New York, October 1968. No. Utiliz. Res. Dev. Div., ARS, USDA.