薄壁钢管矿渣混凝土短柱的轴压性能试验研究

通过12根内置大尺度矿渣的薄壁钢管矿渣混凝土短柱的轴压试验,以核心混凝土强度、截面含钢率、矿渣块体取代率为变化参数,分析了新型短柱的破坏模式、荷载-位移关系,同时探讨了三种因素对新型短柱轴压承载力的影响程度.结果表明:全部试件均发生了剪切破坏,且试件都具有较高的轴压承载力和后期变形的能力;核心矿渣混凝土强度等级对新型短柱轴压承载力的影响程度最大,其次是含钢率,影响能力最小的是矿渣块体取代率.研究成果说明薄壁钢管矿渣混凝土短柱在承载力、延性方面有较多的优越性,有进一步研究和推广应用的价值.     

截面长宽比对冷弯薄壁矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力的影响

简介了钢管混凝土结构类型及应用情况,在查阅研究相关文献的基础上对以下两个问题进行了研究:(1)冷弯薄壁矩形钢管混凝土短柱中,冷弯薄壁矩形钢管对核心混凝土的约束作用,以及套箍系数和截面长宽比对这种约束作用的影响;(2)在有限元数值模拟的基础上,对方形钢管混凝土轴压计算公式进行了修正,提出了冷弯薄壁矩形钢管混凝土构件轴压承载力计算公式。     

不同纤维增强复合材料加固混凝土短柱轴心受压承载力试验研究

对70个混凝土短柱试件进行轴心受压试验,其中未加固素混凝土方柱和圆柱各5个,纤维增强复合材料外包约束素混凝土方柱、圆柱各30个。根据试验结果对比分析了CFRP、GFRP和BFRP对不同截面形状素混凝土短柱采用不同层数进行外包加固后对混凝土短柱轴压承载力的提高效果,并采用我国《混凝土结构加固设计规范》(GB 50367—2013)和美国《FRP加固混凝土设计指导规范》(ACI 440.2R-17)中FRP外包加固混凝土柱承载力公式计算了加固试件的受压承载力设计值,通过对比试验结果,分析了中美规范中FRP加固柱承载力设计值的安全储备,并提出FRP加固混凝土规范的修订建议。     

FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱承载力研究

已有研究表明,钢管混凝土柱和FRP约束混凝土柱承载力的计算方法不适用于FRP约束钢管混凝土柱承载力的计算。为研究FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱的承载力,本文以钢管约束效应系数ξs和FRP约束效应系数ξf为主要参数,考虑混凝土强度等级对FRP约束钢管混凝土柱承载力提高效果的调整系数,建立了FRP约束钢管混凝土短柱承载力的计算模型。在此基础上,分别引入钢管混凝土稳定系数φs和FRP约束混凝土柱稳定系数φf,建立FRP约束钢管混凝土长柱的承载力计算模型。并将模型的计算结果与试验数据进行比较。     

基于长宽比变化的FRP加固混凝土轴压矩形柱的试验研究

制作了16根FRP加固混凝土矩形短柱进行轴压试验,按长宽比值不同分成4组,每组4个构件,其中1个未加固,2个无间隙粘贴FRP环向围束加固,1个有间隙粘贴FRP环向围束加固。通过考虑柱截面长宽比、FRP材料类型、粘贴方式等因素的变化,分析探讨了加固前后柱的承载力、延性、破坏形式等。试验表明,长宽比值在提高柱的极限承载力方面影响较大,而在提高柱的延性方面影响较小。根据试验数据对我国混凝土加固规范推荐的公式进行对比,提出了FRP有间隙粘贴环向围束的强度模型。     

内置复材管局部弱约束混凝土方柱受压性能研究

基于约束混凝土提出一种由钢筋、混凝土及缠绕管组成的内置复合材料管局部约束混凝土组合柱(ConcreteEncased FRP Confined Concrete Sub-Columns/Cores Column,简称"CEFC"),本构件截面形式为外围的钢筋混凝土类方柱和内置于4角点的FRP管约束混凝土圆柱(Concrete-Filled FRP Tube,简称"CFFT")组合而成。通过试验研究及有限元数值模拟对钢筋混凝土柱及内置复合管局部弱约束混凝土方柱进行了轴偏压作用下力学行为的分析和比较。结果表明,弱约束CEFC典型破坏模式为局部破坏,内置CFFT可较好延缓构件整体破坏。CEFC在轴压和偏压作用下延性都有所提高,且在偏压作用下CEFC具有明显的二阶刚度,且承载力具有小幅度提高。     

轴压作用下GFRP管钢骨混凝土组合短柱传力机制分析

通过6根GFRP管钢骨混凝土组合短柱和1根GFRP管约束素混凝土组合短柱轴压试验,并利用ABAQUS进行有限元数值分析,研究截面形式、截面含钢率、混凝土强度对组合短柱受力性能的影响,探究组合柱的工作原理。试验结果表明:与未内置钢骨试件相比,内置钢骨可以显著提升短柱的极限承载能力和极限变形能力;随着截面含钢率的增大,GFRP管钢管混凝土短柱的极限承载能力和极限变形能力得到明显提升;增大混凝土强度能够小幅度提高短柱的极限承载能力,但对短柱的初始刚度几乎没有影响;当其他条件相同时,内置钢管短柱比内置工字钢短柱的极限承载力更高,变形能力更好。GFRP管对混凝土的约束作用略晚于钢管对混凝土的约束作用,表现出一定的滞后性。有限元模拟计算结果与试验结果拟合较好,可为此类组合短柱的非线性分析提供参考。     

空心方钢管混凝土轴压力学性能的试验

通过对15个方钢管圆孔混凝土轴压短柱的试验研究,考察轴压短柱的承载力特性和破坏模式;基于外侧方钢管的横向变形的发展规律,探讨外围钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用.试验表明,方钢管圆孔混凝土短柱的核心混凝土达到一定厚度时,圆孔混凝土在径向能形成较好的拱效应,可以有效地防止外壁钢管局部失稳破坏,使构件横向变形得到充分发展,提高轴向承载力.     

钢管玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱轴心受压承载能力试验研究

钢管混凝土短柱是工程中的常用构件,其核心混凝土的性能对钢管混凝土承载能力有较大影响,为了研究玄武岩纤维混凝土对钢管混凝土受力性能的影响,采用钢管混凝土和钢管玄武岩混凝土短柱轴心受压对比试验,结果发现,在相同条件下,钢管玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱轴心受压承载能力均大于普通钢管混凝土短柱,最大提高率10.1%,承载能力提高率随着钢管混凝土含钢率的提高而降低;相对于钢管混凝土短柱,钢管玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱的弹性阶段较长,延性增加.延性系数随含钢率提高而提高,纤维长度改变对钢管玄武岩纤维混凝土短柱承载力影响较小.     

基于数值试验的FRP约束混凝土圆柱轴压性能研究

纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱(FRP Confined Concrete Column,简称"FCCC")具有承载力高、延性好等优点,目前以试验为主要研究方法,很难对其截面尺寸、混凝土强度等级及FRP层数等参数进行全面研究。首先对FCCC轴压性能的试验和数值模拟研究现状进行了归纳总结,然后基于Drucker-Prager弹塑性本构建立有限元模型,并通过现有试验结果验证了该模型的正确性;采用该有限元模型研究了截面直径为150 mm~750 mm,混凝土强度等级为C30~C80以及FRP层数为1层至5层的不同FCCC的轴压性能。结果表明:FRP层数恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力和延性随着混凝土强度等级的提高而分别提高和降低;混凝土强度恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力和延性随着FRP约束量的增加而提高;混凝土强度和FRP层数恒定时,FCCC的轴向承载力随着直径的增大而减小。通过数值试验的方法较全面地研究了不同参数对FCCC轴压性能的影响,可为FCCC受力性能的进一步研究和工程设计提供参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。