多晶硅生产中三氯氢硅精馏节能工艺

简述了多晶硅行业概况和差压耦合蒸馏节能技术。详述了一种高纯三氯氢硅差压耦合精馏工艺,利用高压塔塔顶蒸汽作为低压塔塔釜再沸器热源,实现了能量的集成与过程优化。运用化工模拟软件PRO/Ⅱ8.1模拟了两塔高纯三氯氢硅差压耦合精馏工艺和三塔高纯三氯氢硅差压耦合精馏工艺的设计参数。结果显示,两塔耦合三氯氢硅一次收率为92.0%,理论节能50.1%;三塔耦合三氯氢硅一次收率为92.0%,理论节能66.7%,效果更好。该技术已成功实现工业化,可使精馏单元实际能耗平均降低40%～60%,同时大幅减少了设备投资。     

偏三甲苯分离工艺的能量优化

讨论了几种不同的热集成精馏工艺,选择了差压热耦合精馏流程用于从C9芳烃中分离提纯得到高纯度偏三甲苯(1,2,4-三甲苯)的工艺.该分离装置采用两个高效填料精馏塔,第一个塔采用负压操作,分离比偏三甲苯轻的组分;第二塔采用加压操作,由塔顶得到高纯度的偏三甲苯.两塔间利用差压进行热耦合,采用热耦合的分离工艺比常规的分离工艺节能40 %以上.利用ProII5.6进行模拟计算,结果表明,热耦合工艺与常规工艺相比,无论是加热负荷还是冷却负荷都降低40 %左右;偏三甲苯的纯度可保持在99.2 %(质量分数)以上,收率达到92 %,效果显著优于常规工艺.     

双粗塔生产优级酒精的差压蒸馏节能装置及其生产工艺

本发明涉及一种双粗塔生产优级酒精的差压蒸馏节能装置及其生产工艺。该工艺装置配置两个粗馏塔生产优级食用酒精,能够充分利用第一粗馏塔及回收塔的顶部酒汽以及第一粗馏塔、第二粗馏塔的底部废醪液的热量对成熟醪液进行预热,采用差压多效热耦合工艺优化蒸馏系统能量消耗,能够显著降低装置的蒸汽加热能耗。     

高纯三氯氢硅精馏节能工艺的模拟分析

针对多晶硅生产中高纯三氯氢硅精馏提纯过程能耗较高的特点,分别将热泵和差压热耦合精馏节能工艺应用到高纯三氯氢硅精馏提纯过程中,并使用Aspen Plus软件对这2种节能工艺进行模拟分析比较,计算得到各工艺流程的能耗,实现了过程的节能和优化.模拟结果表明,热泵和差压热耦合精馏节能工艺对三氯氢硅传统二塔精馏过程均起到了显著的节能效果,其中塔顶蒸汽压缩型、塔釜液闪蒸型热泵精馏过程分别节能66.1％、62.8％,差压热耦合精馏过程节能50.1％.     

内部热耦合空分塔的节能优化分析

内部热耦合精馏是迄今为止所提出的节能效果最好,而唯一没有商业化的节能技术。将内部热耦合技术用于空分塔,可以带来良好的节能效果。根据低温空气分离过程以及三组分精馏的特点,提出了一种新的内部热耦合空分精馏塔优化模型。在优化模型基础上,对热耦合塔进行了深入的节能优化与分析,并且与常规空分仿真结果进行了比较分析,压缩机能耗下降20.75%,产值增加17.46%,单位产值能耗下降32.53%。内部热耦合空分塔的提取率以及能耗均优于常规热耦合空分塔,节能效果显著。     

萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系的控制策略

将常规萃取精馏、差压热耦合萃取精馏以及隔壁塔萃取精馏技术应用于以糠醛为萃取剂的苯和环己烷共沸物分离过程。在稳态模型的基础上,利用Aspen Dynamics软件进行控制研究,对三工艺流程提出了若干控制策略。结果表明,对于常规萃取精馏过程,再沸器热负荷与进料量比值控制结构在降低控制过程超调量方面表现出明显优势;对于差压热耦合萃取精馏过程,带有压力-补偿控温策略的方案控制效果更佳;而对于隔壁塔,则选择了无隔板下方气液分离比控制的结构来作为较优的控制策略。     

天津大学传质理论与蒸馏技术研究

介绍了天津大学在蒸馏传质理论方面取得的研究成果,总结蒸馏过程模拟计算的三种混合模型--平衡级全混合模型、非平衡级全混合模型、非平衡级部分混合模型.论述了蒸馏过程的传质动力学,提出分形理论在界面传递扩散研究方面可能会取得较大进展,非平衡热力学、耗散结构理论和协同论对描述系统动力学演化和非线性传递过程规律可能起到较大的推动作用.概括了板式塔和填料塔的特点,列举了一些天津大学推广新型填料塔技术的成功范例.总结了当前新蒸馏技术添加物精馏、反应精馏、催化精馏、吸附蒸馏、膜蒸馏、分子蒸馏和动态精馏新型蒸馏技术的基本原理、特点以及天津大学在这些方面的最新进展.最后展望了蒸馏工程学科的发展方向蒸馏学科正由传统的依靠经验、半经验过渡到凭半理论以至理论,蒸馏过程正由传统的单一分离过程过渡到耦合和复杂的优化分离过程以提高分离效率和节能,蒸馏设备正以高效、节能的新一代更新、淘汰传统的一代.     

内部热耦合-上置隔壁塔的设计与优化

为了提高化工分离过程的节能效果、扩展内部热耦合精馏塔以及隔壁塔的运用，提出了内部热耦合-上置隔壁塔(ITC-TDWC)的新结构。以甲醇-乙醇-正丙醇三元混合物系作为研究对象，选用进料比例为0.5、0.25、0.25,以上置隔壁塔(TDWC)的结构为基础并结合发展内部热耦合(ITC)来设计ITC-TDWC的最优化结构。在最终确定ITC-TDWC的最优结构后，将该结构的回收年限、能耗等数据与TDWC进行了对比分析，结果表明，ITC-TDWC在达到三元混合物分离要求的同时，回收年限会略有增加，但节能效果显著，比TDWC的分离过程节能约30%。     

特殊精馏热耦合强化技术研究进展

在石油、医药、化工等行业生产和分离过程中,常伴随着共沸或沸点相近混合物的产生,其高效节能分离是工业清洁生产和可持续发展的前提。作为一种分离共沸或近沸等难分离混合物的重要手段,特殊精馏引起了广泛关注。然而,特殊精馏对能源的消耗量非常大,开发低成本、性能可靠的特殊精馏强化技术对实现经济和能源的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于对特殊精馏塔内外传质传热规律的研究,本文从强化原理和工艺改进技术两方面,重点介绍了热耦精馏、隔壁塔、侧线精馏、有机朗肯循环、热泵精馏、差压热耦合等内外热耦合强化技术在特殊精馏节能增效等方面的研究进展,并展望了其未来发展的挑战和机遇,以期为特殊精馏在热耦合强化方面的理论研究与应用提供参考。     

外部热耦合技术在BTX分离中的应用

外部热耦合式复合精馏塔将热量从高压塔的精馏段传向低压塔的提馏段,降低了分离操作的不可逆性,从而提高系统的热力学效率,降低系统所需的能耗。目前国内苯/甲苯/二甲苯（BTX）的分离技术仍然与国外先进水平相差很远,主要表现在系统的能耗高、工艺落后等方面。本文将外部热耦合技术应用到苯/甲苯/二甲苯的分离过程中,并用M athem atica软件对系统的设备投资和操作费用进行了仿真计算。结果表明,使用外部热耦合结构,系统节能幅度可达到37.94%,年度总费用降低达18.84%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。