差速非对称同向双螺杆挤出机内局部停留时间分布测试

基于自主研制的可视化差速非对称双螺杆挤出设备,以羧甲基纤维素钠作为模拟挤出流体,采用配置的氯化钠–羧甲基纤维素钠溶液作为脉冲示踪剂,提出了一种与挤出速度同步的拉膜法测试停留时间分布的方法,通过电导率测试完成停留时间分布规律的测量。在全充满的状态下,研究不同螺杆元件单元及不同转速、产量等加工参数下的局部停留时间分布。结果表明,当转速和产量不变时,反向捏合盘平均停留时间最大,停留时间分布曲线最平缓,比其它螺杆元件类型表现出更好的混合效果;不同错列角对停留时间分布影响不大;产量不变时,随着转速的提升,捏合盘单元平均停留时间下降,混合效率提升;相同的转速下,产量的提高导致混合效率下降;停留时间分布对示踪剂的注射位置敏感性强,暗示流道非对称明显。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究(三)——反向捏合块组合中熔融机理研究

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段，在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同错列角、不同轴向长度的反向捏合块的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验为基础，讨论了加料量、螺杆转速以及反向捏合块厚度与错列角对聚合物颗粒熔融过程的影响。研究表明，反向捏合块的阻力大小对聚合物的熔融过程十分重要，捏合块中物料的充满度与物料的停留时间是聚合物颗粒熔融的决定因素。     

双螺杆捏合机理及其捏合段设计

定性分析了捏合段的混合及输送机理，讨论了捏合块错列角、螺棱间隙、捏合块头数、螺杆转速等因素对混合质量及输送能力的影响，并由此提出了一些捏合段设计时应注意的问题。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程中停留时间的模拟研究

修正了啮合同向双螺杆挤出机中的聚苯乙烯停留时间分布的一维模拟模型。对于输送单元通过C形腔内流体的本构方程推导速度分布，进而得到停留时间分布；引入Carreau—Yasuda模型来描述熔体黏度。在捏合块单元引入轴向分散模型描述该单元的停留时间分布。通过局部停留时间分布模型的修正改进了对双螺杆挤出机全局停留时间分布的预测。模拟研究了螺杆转速及喂料速率对停留时间分布的影响。模拟结果的峰形、最小停留时间、平均停留时间与实验测量相符合。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究(二)——正向捏合块组合中熔融机理研究

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段，在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同正向捏合块（即由正向捏合盘所组成的螺杆区段）中的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验现象为基础，提出了双螺杆挤出过程中海－岛式熔融模型的概念。研究表明，耗散－混合熔融是捏合块中聚合物熔融的主要机理，海－岛式熔融模型是捏合块中聚合物熔融的典型形态；螺杆构型、螺杆转速、加料量是决定聚合物颗粒熔融的主要因素。     

聚丙烯/无机纳米粒子在双螺杆挤出机内的分散混合效果数值模拟

采用三维有限元数值模拟方法,研究了聚丙烯(PP)/无机纳米粒子在双螺杆挤出机的三种螺杆组合元件流道内的分散混合效果。通过对比分析三种螺杆组合下无机纳米粒子的剪切应力和剪切速率、停留时间分布及粒径分布等结果,发现含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合对其流场中大部分粒子的剪切作用最强,含错列角60°捏合块的螺杆组合次之,含错列角90°捏合块的螺杆组合最弱。与另两种螺杆组合相比,含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合流场中,无机纳米粒子团聚体的数量最少,剥离出的碎片数量最多,即在含错列角45°捏合块的螺杆组合条件下无机纳米粒子在PP熔体中的分散效果最好。     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究（二）：正向捏合块组？…

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段，在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同正向捏合块（即由正向捏合盘所组成的螺杆区段）中的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验现象为基础，提出了双螺杆挤出过程中海－岛式熔融模型的概念。研究表明，耗散－混合熔融是捏合块中聚合物熔融的典型形态；螺杆构型、螺杆转速、加料量是决定聚合物颗粒熔融的主要因素。     

啮合同向双螺杆3种构型的模拟分析和实验研究

通过数值模拟方法对3种含捏合盘元件螺杆构型的剪切速率、停留时间和回流量等指标进行了分析,通过实验对3种螺杆构型的混合性能进行了对比。结果表明,90°捏合盘元件与反向捏合盘元件组合可以达到较好的分布混合效果,45°捏合盘元件与反向捏合盘元件的组合可以达到较好的分散混合能力,捏合段加入反向螺纹元件并不能提高分布混合能力,但可以延长停留时间。     

专利文摘

一种橡胶物料造粒设备的双阶输送装置 本实用新型公开了一种橡胶物料造粒设备的双阶输送装置,双螺杆输送装置包括电机、减速器、包括多个螺杆套筒,两个螺杆、多个输送块和多个捏合块的双螺杆捏合输送系统;每个螺杆上依次连接有多个输送块和捏合块,螺杆穿在螺杆套筒内,每个螺杆套筒壁内开有连接冷却系统的冷却液管道；     

啮合同向双螺杆挤出过程聚合物粒料熔融机理研究（三）：反向捏合块组合？…

以装有玻璃视窗的可视化双螺杆挤出机为手段,在不同操作条件下对高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）粒料在不同错列角、不同轴向长度的反向捏合块的熔融过程进行了实验研究。以实验为基础,讨论了加料量、螺杆转带以及反向捏合块厚度与氏列角对聚合物颗粒熔融过程的影响。研究表明,反向捏合块的阻力大小对聚合物的熔融过程十分重要,捏合块中物料的充满度与物料的停留时间是聚合物颗粒熔融的决定因素。     

The effects of kneading block design and operating conditions on distributive mixing in twin screw extruders

A mixing limited interfacial reaction between polymer tracers was used to directly measure the distributive mixing performance of a co‐rotating twin screw extruder during melt‐melt blending of polypropylene. The reaction between the polymer tracers, which are low molecular weight succinic anhydride and primary amine terminally functionalized polymer chains, was followed using Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR). Experiments were completed to determine the effects of flow rate, screw speed, and kneading block design on the distributive mixing performance and the residence time distribution (RTD). The only RTD variable that was significantly affected by the experimental factors was the average residence time. Distributive mixing with neutral and reverse kneading blocks was controlled by the average residence time, the fully filled volume, and the shear rate. Conversely, the mixing performance of a forward kneading block did not follow the same trends.     

Local residence time,residence revolution,and residence volume distributions in twin‐screw extruders

This work was aimed at studying the overall, partial, and local residence time distributions (RTD); overall, partial and local residence revolution distributions (RRD) and overall, partial and local residence volume distributions (RVD) in a co‐rotating twin screw extruder, on the one hand; and establishing the relationships among them, on the other hand. Emphasis was placed on the effects of the type and geometry of mixing elements (a gear block and various types of kneading elements differing in staggering angle) and process parameters on the RTD, RRD and RVD. The overall and partial RTD were directly measured in‐line during the extrusion process and the local ones were calculated by deconvolution based on a statistical theory. The local RTD allowed comparing the mixing performance of mixing elements. Also it was confirmed both experimentally and theoretically that specific throughput, defined as a ratio of throughput (Q) over screw speed (N), controlled all the above three types of residence distributions, be they local, partial or overall. The RRD and RVD do not provide more information on an extrusion process than the corresponding RTD. Rather they are different ways of representing the same phenomena. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:19–28, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Residence time distribution in a twin screw extruder

The residence time distribution (RTD) in a fully intermeshing, corotating twin screw extruder was determined with a stimulus-response technique. In addition to varying three process parameters (i.e. throughput, screw rotational speed, and barrel temperature), two screw configurations were also studied: one containing four kneading block mixing sections, and the other consisting only of regular screw bushings. Although screw configuration was an important variable, it was found that for both configurations the throughput had the largest effect on RTD. The screw rotational speed was second in importance, and the barrel temperature change produced no effect. A fluid mechanical model based on the fluid flow in a partially-filled rectangular channel was used to explain the experimentally observed dependence of RTD on the process parameters. Reaction engineering approaches were adopted to compare the RTD results of two screw configurations with two idealized flows.     

Assessing local residence time distributions in screw extruders through a new in‐line measurement instrument

This work aimed at developing a new instrument to measure in real time the residence time distribution (RTD) in screw extruders. The instrument followed the same principle as the one reported in the literature but possessed several important advantages. For example, the detection system had two probes that allowed to simultaneously measure RTDs at any two different locations of an extruder, thus providing the possibility of calculating the local RTD between them by a deconvolution method based on a statistical theory for the RTD. Its performance was evaluated on a corotating twin‐screw extruder using anthracene as tracer and polystyrene as flowing material. The effects of various process parameters such as feed rate and screw speed on the RTDs were investigated. The emphasis was placed, however, on the effect of the staggering angle of kneading discs on local RTDs both in the kneading zone itself and its neighboring upstream and downstream screw zones. This work is in support of an ongoing project on the simulation of flow in corotating twin‐screw extruders. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:510–519, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Behavior of fully filled regions in a non‐intermeshing twin‐screw extruder

Twin‐screw extruders are operated with sequential filled and partially filled regions in order to perform the required unit processes. Channel fill length, defined as the length of fully filled regions in an extrusion screw, is gaining importance as a design parameter because of its implications on residence time distribution, distributive and dispersive mixing, and also process stability. A detailed study—experimental and theoretical—of the behavior of fill lengths in response to operating conditions (throughput, screw speed) and screw geometry is presented in this paper. Mean residence times were also measured for each geometry and operating condition. The apparatus consisted of a non‐intermeshing counter‐rotating twin‐screw extruder (NITSE) with a transparent (acrylic) barrel, fed with corn syrup (Newtonian at room temperature). Fill length exhibits a nonlinear relationship with specific throughput (Q/N), with the slope increasing monotonously as the throughput Q increases at a given screw speed N. The mean residence time exhibits a strong linear relationship with inverse specific throughput and inverse fill length. A theoretical model was developed to predict the filled length based on pressure‐throughput relationships taken from literature for this system, and the predictions were found to agree very well with experimental observations.     

同向双螺杆挤出机的停留时间分布及填充度

引 言 双螺杆挤出机在高分子材料加工中已被广泛地应用于聚合物共混改性、反应挤出及高分子可控降解等各个方面[1].但先前对挤出过程研究较少,一般仅停留在"黑箱"型经验操作的层面,主要以定性的机械设计为主.     

Mean residence time analysis for twin screw extruders

This paper presents and experimentally validates a physically motivated model for predicting the mean residence time in twin screw extruders. Accurate estimation of the mean residence time and the propagation delay through a plasticating extruder is critical for implementing feedback control schemes employing sensors mounted along the extruder. Experiments were carried out on a 30 mm Krupp Werner and Pfleiderer co‐rotating twin screw extruder equipped with reflectance optical probes over the melting section and mixing section and at the die. The residence time distributions for twelve operating conditions and two screw geometries are compared. The mean residence times predicted by our model are in good agreement with the experimentally measured mean residence times.     

Relationship between local residence time and distributive mixing in sections of a twin‐screw extruder

Local residence time and distributive mixing were measured in conveying sections and kneading blocks of a twin screw‐extruder. The residence time measurements were completed using carbon black as the tracer and an infrared temperature probe to detect the temperature decrease caused by the changing surface emissivity. The validity of this experimental technique was extensively evaluated. A mixing limited interfacial reaction between polymer tracers was used to directly measure the distributive mixing in the twin‐screw extruder. Possible relationships between mixing and residence time in the sections of the twin‐screw extruder were investigated by combining these two measurements. Distributive mixing in conveying sections was related to the local average residence time and the fill. In contrast, distributive mixing in kneading blocks was related to the local average number of screw revolutions experienced by the polymer. Forward stagger kneading discs achieved the greatest amount of distributive mixing, which was attributed to a combination of local stagnant flow regions and more frequent interfacial reorientation.