宝钢大气环境现状评价与预测

根据１９９１－１９９５年５年宝钢大气环境监测数据结果，分析了宝钢大气环境的质量：无论是厂区还是生活区，ＳＯ２和ＮＯＸ的测得部都远远低于其相应的标准值，但ＴＳＰ的污染有加重趋势，已经达到超标的状态。并对１９９６１９９８年未来３年的大气环境质量作了。     

环境空气中SO2监测存在问题与改进

针对环境空气中SO2监测分析过程中出现的问题进行了分析,对影响分析结果的关键步骤提出了相应的改进措施,提高了监测效率,保证了监测分析结果的准确可靠.     

影响烧结工艺过程NOx排放质量浓度的主要因素解析

在烧结烟气脱硫治理取得成效之后，烟气脱硝迅即摆上钢铁企业的环保治理议程.在尚无经济有效的末端治理脱硝工艺的前提下，有必要在烧结生产中进行工序过程控制，从而保持烧结烟气NO_x排放质量浓度处于较低水平.本文通过统计解析的研究方法，系统分析了2013至2014年宝钢实际烧结过程中原燃料条件参数、工艺条件参数对烟气中NO_x排放质量浓度的影响规律.研究结果表明:适当降低赤铁矿的使用比例，提高烧结粉、返矿的配比，提高钙质熔剂中石灰石的使用比例，降低镁质熔剂使用比例，保持烧结矿较高的碱度水平，强化制粒提高料层透气性，坚持厚料层烧结等措施均有利于抑制烧结烟气NO_x的排放质量浓度水平.      

20kg试验焦炉与生产焦炉相关性的试验研究

本文介绍了２０ｋｇ试验焦炉的结构、配套设备和试验方法，并与生产焦炉进行了对比试验。结果表明：２０ｋｇ试验焦与生产焦炉之间具有显著的相关关系。     

测定大气中氮氧化物的顺序注射化学发光方法的研究

基于在酸性介质中NO-2与H2O2反应生成不稳定的过氧亚硝酸,在碱性环境中猝灭为过氧亚硝酸根离子产生化学发光的原理,改变通常的顺序注射进样方式,将储存管和反应管合并,以三乙醇胺为吸收液,采用液相化学发光方法,检测了大气中痕量的氮氧化物。工作曲线线性范围为1×10-7～1×10-4mol/L,方法的检出限为1×10-7mol/L。对浓度为5×10-5mol/L的试液重复测量11次的相对标准偏差为2.7%。样品回收率在85%～104%之间,分析频率为80样/h。     

基于正交试验的双P型辐射管三级燃烧器低NOx仿真

为降低双P型辐射管NO_x排放,运用扩散式分段燃烧的低NO_x均匀化燃烧技术,设计一种辐射管三级燃烧器,对其进行数值模拟,经过验证模型可靠.对燃烧器结构及运行参数进行正交试验和单因素研究.研究表明:空气预热温度、空气分级配比和空气过剩系数对出口NO_x排放浓度有显著的影响,相互无交互作用;一次风量由10%增大到20%时NO_x生成量由65.2×10-6增加到108.2×10-6,一次风量增加到30%以上时出口NO_x体积分数增加速率趋缓;空气预热温度每增加100℃,最高燃烧温度增加约50℃,排放气体中NO_x体积分数由50.9×10-6以22%、23.2%、25.3%、27.2%、27.3%和29.5%的速率增加;随空气过剩系数增加,出口NO_x体积分数由82×10-6呈22.1%、1.9%、2.1%、24%和2.5%的波动增长趋势.      

低合金钢大气暴露与室内加速腐蚀试验的相关性

通过自然环境的大气暴露和实验室的周浸加速腐蚀试验,结合腐蚀产物的表面分析,研究了4种钢在青岛、江津、琼海的大气腐蚀规律和模拟大气腐蚀过程的腐蚀规律。结果表明:在大气暴露试验和室内模拟加速腐蚀试验中,4种钢的腐蚀产物都有不同程度的保护性,符合log P=A+Blog t的腐蚀规律,室内外腐蚀试验结果有较好的相关性,建立了实验室试验时间与户外暴露试验时间的对应关系。     

桥梁模态频率与运营环境作用的相关性

桥梁模态频率随运营环境作用的变化规律是结构健康监测的研究主题之一.根据东海大桥6 a监测数据的周期变化特性,识别了运营条件下主梁竖弯、侧弯、扭转基频变化的影响因素,采用偏相关系数和周期平均法对比了各因素的影响程度.研究发现,东海大桥的模态频率存在1 a、1周、1 d、12.42 h等变化周期,与结构温度、交通荷载、风荷载、海面高度等的变化周期相吻合;结构温度和交通荷载是引起该桥频率变化的最主要因素,它们在各周期上的相对影响大小不同;周期平均法可有效分离监测数据中的年、周、天周期成分,揭示不同运营环境作用与频率变化的相关性.研究结果有助于加深对桥梁运营期频率变化的理解,从而更准确地评估结构性能.     

时空相关性的P2P网络信任模型

结合时间和空间特性,提出一个新的动态信任模型,该模型包含近期信任、长期信任、滥用信任和反馈信任等4个基本组件;针对P2P网络中节点动态性的问题,提出用社区信任度来表示物理位置相关的群体信任程度.模拟实验结果显示,该模型具有较好的动态适应能力和反馈信息聚合能力,能够有效地防止合谋、诋毁等恶意攻击行为.     

工程评价中大气环境监测有关问题的探讨

工程评价中大气环境监测不同于一般的大气环境监测，它有其自身的特殊性。在我国目前尚不具备开展大规模自动连续监测的条件下，这种大气环境监测通常是以数天及至至十数天的间断监测结果来近似代替中长期平均浓度，本文就此问题以及工程评价监测中值得注意的一些问题进行了探讨。     

燃气炉内燃烧工况对NOx生成特性的影响

降低NOx的排放量是燃气炉洁净燃烧过程的重要研究内容之一。建立单烧嘴平焰燃烧炉实验模型，通过准确测量炉内温度场和烟气中NOx，研究了空气预热和空气不预热两种工况对炉内火焰特性、温度场和烟气中NOx生成特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：空气预热工况下燃烧区和炉膛顶部温度场更加均匀，进而有效降低烟气中NOx的浓度。     

平焰半预混燃烧NOx排放特征的实验研究

采用半预混、强旋流平焰燃烧方法,以液化石油气为燃料,通过改变空气过剩系数和旋流数工况进行燃烧实验,用热电偶测量温度,烟气分析仪测量NOx浓度,研究分析了炉膛温度、过剩空气系数及旋流数对平焰燃烧NOx排放的影响.结果表明,分别取3组不同的空气过剩系数1.06、1.23和1.37后,它们在1.76旋流数下所达到的最高温度是1 159℃、1 057℃、993℃;而NOx浓度分别为60×10-6、 60×10-6、30×10-6.     

蓄热燃烧中NOx生成规律研究

蓄热燃烧技术通过回收烟气中的余热,实现高效节能.由于采用高温空气助燃,所以NOx的生成规律和常规燃烧不同.文章以五喷口带夹角烧嘴为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对NOx生成进行了系统地研究,得出了助燃空气预热温度、助燃空气的含氧量、过量空气系数、空气射流的角度和钢坯吸热热流等五大因素对NOx生成的影响规律.     

In situ DRIFTS study of NOx adsorption behavior on Ba/CeO2 catalysts

A series of Ba/CeO2 catalysts with different Ba loading amounts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. Their NOx adsorption behaviors under NO and NO＋O2 conditions were investigated by in situ DRIFTS. It was found that NOx was ad-sorbed and stored in the form of nitrites and nitrates on both Ba and Ce sites on the surface of the catalysts. The less thermally stable BaCO3 was suggested to be the main active phase for NOx trapping. Ceria served primarily as an oxygen supplier in the absence of O2, and the reaction from nitrites to nitrates on Ba sites was the key step in this case. In the presence of O2, however, gaseous O2 became the main oxygen source. The NOx adsorption capacity of the catalyst was dominated by the Ba content. Moreover, the stability of ni-trites and nitrates formed on Ce sites was found to be lower than those formed on Ba sites which existed in the form of the ionic bar-ium nitrate species.     

Effect of preparation method on MnOx-CeO2 catalysts for NO oxidation

The NO oxidation reaction was studied over MnO_x-CeO₂ catalysts prepared by co-precipitation, impregnation and mechanical mixing method, respectively. It was found that the co-precipitation was the most active and a 60% NO conversion was achieved at 250 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brumauer-Emmett (BET), H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) techniques were employed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the catalysts. XRD results showed that amorphous MnO_x or Mn-O-Ce solid solution existed in co-precipitation and impregnation prepared sample, while crystalline MnO_x was found in mechanical mixing catalyst. A larger surface area was observed on co-precipitation prepared catalyst compared to those prepared by impregnation and mechanical mixing. The strong interaction between MnO_x and CeO₂ enhanced the reducibility of the oxides and increased the amount of Mn⁴⁺ and activated oxygen, which are favorable for NO oxidation to NO₂.     

Low-temperature catalytic oxidation of NO over Mn-Ce-O_x catalyst

A series of manganese-cerium oxide catalysts were prepared by different methods and used for low-temperature catalytic oxidation of NO in the presence of excess O2.Their surface properties were evaluated by means of BET and were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The activity test of Mn-Ce-Ox catalysts showed that addition of Ce enhanced the activities of NO oxidation.The most active catalysts with a molar Ce/(Mn+Ce) ratio of 0.3 were prepared by co-precipitation method.The results showed that NO conversion reached 60% at 150 °C with a high space velocity of 50902 h-1.The effect of doping different rare earth oxides was also investigated and the addition of small amount of Ce not only increased the surface area of MnOx but also enhanced the dispersion of Mn species in the catalyst shown by BET,SEM and XRD.     

NO_x排放控制技术的发展与比较

针对大气污染日益严重,NOx排放控制已成为亟待解决的问题。本文全面系统地介绍了国内外NOx排放控制技术的研究现状,通过分析NOx排控技术的优劣,提出了合理应用建议。     

空气射流夹角对蓄热式加热炉内NOx生成的影响

虽然蓄热燃烧技术已经在加热炉上广泛应用，但NOx生成机理还不很清楚。本文以鞍山热能研究院建造的蓄热式加热炉为原型，通过数值模拟的方法，研究空气倾角的角度对NOx生成的影响规律。     

Influence of V2O5 Addition on Reduction of NO by C3H6 over Pt/V2O5/Al2O3 Monolithic Catalyst

Pt/V2O5/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 monolithic catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method, and the influence of V2 O5 addition on the catalytic activity for NO reduction by C3 H6 under lean burn condition was investigated in detail.The results show that Pt/V2O5/Al2O3 has better activity of NO reduction than Pt/Al2O3 , adding V2O5 to Pt catalyst makes the temperature window of NO reduction shift further to a lower temperature region.The activity of NO reduction decreases and there is a similar degree of deactivation over the two catalysts in the presence of SO2 in feed gas.Moreover, adding V2 O5 to Pt catalyst resulted in improvement of resistance to SO2 oxidation, which decreases the emission of sulfate particulate.Thermal aging treatment counteractes the promoting effect of V2O5 on NO reduction.     

350 MW机组锅炉燃尽风的调整对锅炉结焦及NOx生成的影响分析

随着国家对火力发电机组环保排放要求的不断提高,近几年新建燃煤机组均采用低氮燃烧技术,通过低氮燃烧器与锅炉燃尽风配合调整降低锅炉出口NOx的生成,但燃尽风的调整必然影响锅炉出口烟气温度,影响锅炉结焦。主要研究分析了某电厂350 MW超临界机组运行过程中锅炉燃尽风对锅炉结焦及NOx生成的影响,并组织不同工况下燃尽风调整试验,一方面控制锅炉结焦的发展,另一方面降低锅炉出口NOx的生成。所提及的调整方式对其它同类型机组燃尽风的控制有一定的借鉴作用。