仿生推进水翼协同技术

研究基于水翼法推进的海龟水翼协同运动机理及其尾涡结构,发现水翼双旋协同运动可使水翼尾涡产生一条连续的聚集涡涡带,而双翼协同则可消除水翼尾涡聚集涡干扰和涡环脱泻频率跳跃现象.研究水翼法推进实验样机的水翼协同运动控制系统,提出水翼双旋协同分段式控制方法和双翼协同角速度在线调节方法,进行了样机水池实验.实验结果表明,分段式控...     

基于柔性长鳍波动推进的仿生水下机器人设计与实现

以基于柔性长鳍波动推进的仿生水下机器人试验模型为背景,主要研究其设计与实现问题．首先,介绍了仿生水下机器人试验模型的设计原则及其系统总体结构,然后重点研究了仿生柔性长鳍、主控模块与通讯系统、运动控制子系统的设计方法、系统构成和工作原理,最后介绍了试验模型的系统测试与航行试验结果及其结论,并指出了仿生水下机器人试验模型的改进重点和柔性长鳍波动推进技术今后的研究方向．基于柔性长鳍波动推进的仿生水下机器人试验模型的研制成功,初步验证了柔性长鳍波动推进方式应用于水下机器人推进控制系统在原理上和技术上是可行的．     

柔性体力触觉形变模型研究

针对虚拟现实力触觉交互中柔性体受力与形变的复杂关系,提出一种基于球面调和函数(SphericalHarmonic,SPHARM))的柔性体力触觉仿真模型。利用SPHARM的正交归一、旋转不变、多尺度等特性完成柔性体几何模型的准确表达;将柔性体在不同作用力下的形变模型映射到共同的参照系统中,在共同的参照系统中,利用主成分分析方法(Principal Components Analysis,PCA)完成柔性体在不同作用力下的形变比较,根据简化后的波动方程计算物体形变后的反馈力。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确表达柔性体的形变过程,适用于柔性体力触觉实时交互研究。     

柔性长鳍波动推进流体动力测试平台

为辅助研究鱼类MPF推进模式中的柔性长鳍波动推进动力学问题,论文研究了构建柔性长鳍波动推进流体动力测试平台的技术方案.论文首先根据功能需求确定了测试平台的总体结构,并着重讨论了作为受试模型的柔性长鳍仿生装置以及具有6分力与6自由度运动参数测量功能的流体动力测量系统的设计与实现.测试平台利用仿生装置模拟仿生对象多种波动运动模式,借助测量系统对受试模型的各种波动运动进行静态与动态流体动力/力矩测量,并通过测控系统对整个平台进行远程测控.论文研究的测试平台将为柔性长鳍波动推进机理及控制技术研究提供重要试验平台.     

2自由度振荡水翼推进性能分析及实验研究

为了研究仿生水翼推进性能,设计了一种2自由度振荡水翼推进装置.实现了基于升力/阻力模式的2种振荡水翼推进方式.研制了振荡水翼推进性能实验平台,在循环水池环境下完成了不同参数耦合情况下振荡水翼推进性能实验.利用6轴力传感器测量水翼振荡时产生的推力/升力,并将实验结果与数值模拟结果对比,分析不同参数对推进性能的影响.实验结果表明,在升力推进模式下,增加拍旋运动幅值和振荡频率可以提高平均推力;随着位旋运动幅值的增加,平均推力呈现先增大后减小的趋势;随着来流速度的增大,平均推力逐渐减小.在阻力推进模式下,增加拍旋运动幅值和振荡频率均可提高平均推力.     

仿生柔性工作流建模与适应算法研究*

为提高柔性工作流对外界动态变化的响应速度,将生物的反射机理引入柔性工作流,构建了柔性工作流神经网络系统。模仿生物响应外界刺激的反射机理,利用人工神经网络技术,在柔性工作流中建立了仿生柔性工作流模型,定义了该模型中的人工神经网络概念模型,并以该模型为基础,提出了柔性工作流适应算法框架。最后,以企业生产计划节点工时定额的制定为例,构建了处理元群为BP网络的仿生柔性工作流模型,对柔性工作流适应算法进行仿真。仿真结果显示,建立的模型能够根据参数的动态变化作出正确的响应,从而证明仿生柔性工作流适应算法能够智能响应外     

力/触觉再现中柔性物体可视化物理形变模型研究进展

力/触觉再现技术的出现,为虚拟现实开辟了全新的应用领域,促使基于物理意义的柔性物体形变建模成为一个研究热点.系统地讨论了近年来基于物理意义的柔性物体形变建模方法,分析了基于直接构建的模型、基于连续介质力学的模型和其他相关模型的基本思想和优缺点.对这些建模方法的性能进行了细致的比较,并探讨了柔性物体物理形变建模的未来发展趋势.     

形状记忆合金驱动仿生蝠鲼机器鱼的设计

研究了一种采用鳐科模式游动、柔性胸鳍摆动方式推进的形状记忆合金（SMA）丝驱动型仿生蝠鲼机 器鱼．首先,对双吻前口蝠鲼游动动作进行了分析,建立了蝠鲼胸鳍柔性摆动的简化运动模型．然后对能够模仿蝠 鲼肌肉动作的智能材料进行了分析．最后设计了SMA 丝驱动的柔性仿生胸鳍和仿生蝠鲼机器鱼,并分析了SMA 丝 的热力学特性,确定了控制规律．该机器鱼外形与双吻前口蝠鲼外形相似,身体呈现扁平形状,有一对三角形的柔 性仿生胸鳍,直线游动速度达到79 mm/s,最小转弯半径为118 mm．该机器鱼游动稳定性好,无噪声．     

捕蝇草运动机理及其仿生驱动器的仿真和实验研究

捕蝇草的叶片运动具备动作迅速、可逆、控制方便、结构简单等优点。本文从捕蝇草的快速运动中获得灵感，从微观和宏观层面上研究捕蝇草的基本结构和运动学特性。微观层面上，使用植物切片法和组织透明技术观察分析叶片的脉管系统结构、细胞尺寸及横向、纵向上细胞的排布规律。宏观层面上，利用高速摄像机和Kinovea图像分析软件分析叶片边缘的水平位移、速度、加速度、张开角度等的变化规律，采用非接触全场应变测量系统获得捕蝇草叶片闭合过程中外表面的应变情况；基于多孔介质模型，研究水分传输引起的细胞膨胀变形运动的规律，以及在流体作用下仿生柔性叶片的弯曲变形规律；最后使用3D打印技术制备仿生柔性叶片驱动器，进行实验验证。研究表明，本文提出的仿生柔性叶片驱动器通过流固耦合仿真技术能够在2 MPa的液压下在1 s内完成弯曲变形，最大弯曲角度为32.27°。同时，制备的仿生柔性叶片驱动器样机的实验结果与仿真结果基本吻合，验证了流固耦合仿真技术的可行性与正确性，完成了对捕蝇草叶片快速闭合运动的复现，闭合过程中实现了叶片的快速弯曲。     

FeTCPP/Ti0.7W0.3O2复合材料的制备及其H2O2传感器应用

通过静电吸附的方式在金红石相掺钨二氧化钛(Ti0.7W0.3O2)表面组装了铁卟啉(FeTCPP)大环分子,合成了具有仿生功能的FeTCPP/Ti0.7W0.3O2纳米复合材料,并将其修饰于玻碳电极上,制备了一种新型的无酶H2O2传感器.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对纳米复合材料进行了表征,并利用循环伏安(CV)法研究了传感器对H2O2的电催化还原性能.结果表明:该传感器对H2O2有良好的电催化效果,在4.998×10-7～1.194×10-5 mol/L范围内H2O2的浓度与电流响应呈线性关系(R=0.997),检测限为1.105 ×l0-8mol/L(S/N =3).     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。