逆变器供电的感应电动机谐波转矩分析与计算

电压型逆变器输出的电压和电流波形中含有大量谐波,导致异步电动机低速时的转矩脉动和转速波动。文章在分析高次时间谐波产生的谐波脉动转矩基础上,介绍了用虚位移原理计算感应电动机谐波脉动转矩的方法。编制了感应电动机转矩的计算机程序,并用一计算实例对电动机谐波转矩进行了分析和计算。     

对逆变器供电异步电动机测试标准化的贡献

众所周知,由于逆变器的输出电压为非正弦波形,故逆变器供电异步电动机的铁耗、铜耗比电网供电的异步电机要大。为了寻求确定这类电机损耗的简易方法,本文在论述了这类电机的铁耗、铜耗的理论基础上,给出了证实该理论的试验结果。逆变器供电异步电动机的铜耗与铁耗     

UF系列逆变器驱动专用异步电动机

随着VVVF逆变器驱动的笼型异步电动机调速技术的进步,目前这种调速装置已在一般产业界得到广泛应用,逐渐取代了以往调速主流的晶闸管直流电动机调速系统。当采用逆变器驱动普通异步电动机时,逆变器输出波形中的谐波将使损耗增高、效率降低,还有低速时出现的脉动转矩等,使得不能像直流电动机调速顺当等许多问题。要避免出现上述问题,通常需采用特殊设计的逆变器驱动的专用异步电动机。本文介绍东洋电机株式会社的VVVF驱动的新型UF系列异步电动机。     

NPC 三电平逆变器供电的永磁同步电动机伺服系统

主要研究了采用中点箝位型(NPC)三电平逆变器供电的永磁同步电动机(PMSM)伺服系统;电动机采用转子磁场定向的矢量控制.为了达到控制目的,在三电平逆变器SVPWM调制算法的基础上,引入了零序电压注入法和电容电压前馈法.这种方法较好地控制了中点电位的偏移,以期降低逆变器输出电压谐波含量,改善电动机定子电流波形,这将减小电动机转矩脉动,改善电动机控制性能.     

基于开放式绕组异步电动机的容错控制的研究

开放式绕组异步电动机采用三相H桥拓扑结构,其输出电压能力与三电平逆变器相当。具有提高电动机供电电压,采用非弱磁方法提高电机转速和改善电压输出波形等优点。由于系统采用三相独立供电,系统所用的开关管个数增加,系统故障率提高。在对常见的短路和断路故障进行故障辨识和重构后,系统由剩余两相继续工作。容错控制时电机磁链幅值是正常运行时的3~(1/2)/3,仍能维持继续运行。最后经过实验验证,证明容错控制的可行性。     

三电平逆变器异步电动机直接转矩控制系统(II)——合成矢量法

提出了一种基于合成矢量的三电平异步电动机直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,不但有效地控制了三电平逆变器的中点电压,并抑制了输出电压的跳变;而且具有转矩输出高频脉动小,转子转速波动较小的优点。仿真和实验证明此方法在三电平逆变器供电的异步电动机上有效的实现了DTC系统,并能达到优良的控制性能。     

三电平逆变器异步电动机直接转矩控制系统(Ⅱ)--合成矢量法

提出了一种基于合成矢量的三电平异步电动机直接转矩控制(DTC)方法,不但有效地控制了三电平逆变器的中点电压,并抑制了输出电压的跳变;而且具有转矩输出高频脉动小,转子转速波动较小的优点.仿真和实验证明此方法在三电平逆变器供电的异步电动机上有效的实现了DTC系统,并能达到优良的控制性能.     

电能质量扰动对异步电动机特性影响的分析与仿真研究

建立了不同电能质量扰动情况下异步电动机的模型,分别在理想供电电压、三相电压不平衡、电压畸变、电压偏差与电压暂降情况下,对异步电动机的工作特性进行了分析,对异步电动机转矩、转速以及运行效率等与不同程度电能质量扰动之间的关系进行了仿真研究,并对有与无相位跳变、发生单相以及三相电压暂降时,电动机转矩与转速的变化进行了详细分析。结果表明,在非理想情况下,电机的输出转矩中会出现不同程度的脉动或振荡转矩,电机的启动时间与转速等均会发生变化,从而对电机运行带来不利影响。     

电能质量扰动对异步电动机特性影响的分析与仿真研究

建立了不同电能质量扰动情况下异步电动机的模型,分别在理想供电电压、三相电压不平衡、电压畸变、电压偏差与电压暂降情况下,对异步电动机的工作特性进行了分析,对异步电动机转矩、转速以及运行效率等与不同程度电能质量扰动之间的关系进行了仿真研究,并对有与无相位跳变、发生单相以及三相电压暂降时,电动机转矩与转速的变化进行了详细分析.结果表明,在非理想情况下,电机的输出转矩中会出现不同程度的脉动或振荡转矩,电机的启动时间与转速等均会发生变化,从而对电机运行带来不利影响.     

三电平逆变器异步电动机直接转矩控制系统(I)--单一矢量法

三电平中点钳位逆变器(NPC)广泛应用于中压变频调速系统,具有对器件耐压要求低,输出谐波含量低,控制性能好等优点.其主要问题是如何避免中点电压的漂移,以及防止输出电压有过高的瞬时跳变.提出一种三电平异步电动机直接转矩控制(DTC)系统,即基于单一矢量的控制算法.该方法有效地控制了三电平逆变器的中点电压,并抑制了输出电压的跳变,从而满足了实际运行的要求.仿真结果表明,本文的方法在三电平逆变器供电的异步电动机上有效地实现了DTC系统,并能达到较好的控制性能.     

A hybrid inverter/cycloconverter-based variable-speed three-phaseinduction motor drive for single-phase inputs

This paper presents a simple converter topology for driving a three-phase induction motor with a single-phase AC supply. Using only two active switches and a triac, the converter can start the motor with high starting torque and low input current, and can bring the motor up to full speed using a very cost-effective, single-phase field-oriented control strategy. The converter supplies balanced output voltages at rated frequency with virtually no output distortion and with very high input power factor. In this paper, the capability contours for different speed ranges and various operating modes are addressed; the trade-offs between output torque, torque ripple, input current distortion, and inverter rating are also explained, and the proposed control approaches are supported by simulation and test results     

Improved Torque and Flux Performance of Type-2 Fuzzy-based Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Using Space Vector Pulse-width Modulation

The conventional proportional integral controlled direct torque control of an induction motor using the space vector pulse-width modulation technique may provide satisfactory dynamic response. However, the proportional integral controller (PIC) does not provide efficient dynamic performance in the induction motor drive during sudden changes in the load or speed. To improve dynamic performance of the induction motor drive, the PICs are replaced by type-2 fuzzy logic control. The type-2 fuzzy improves the starting transient performance as well as the steady-state response. In addition, the type-2 fuzzy direct torque control provides lesser current total harmonic distortion, flux distortion, and torque pulsation of the induction motor drive compared to conventional direct torque control. A MATLAB Simulink (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) model for direct torque control with type-2 fuzzy logic control is developed to simulate the response of an induction motor drive with different operating conditions. The space vector pulse-width modulation technique is used to drive the inverter, as it produces lesser total harmonic distortion in inverter current and voltage waveforms for a given switching transition due to the single switching frequency for the movement of each state vector. A prototype type-2 fuzzy-based direct torque control induction motor with space vector pulse-width modulation is developed to validate the simulated response. The control signals for the inverter are generated by the DSPACE DS1104 (DSPACE GmbH, Germany) to drive a two-HP induction machine.     

交流伺服系统逆变器死区效应分析与补偿新方法

死区效应的存在使得逆变器输出电压和电流不能跟踪参考电压和电流,同时输出增加了谐波分量,使系统的输出转矩存在很大脉动,尤其电机在低速运行时,可能导致系统的不稳定。针对此问题分析了死区效应对于交流伺服系统的影响,特别是低速运行时对电流波形的影响。提出了一种新型的在线延时补偿算法,该算法可以省掉开关器件没有必要的开通和关断,且不需要任何额外的硬件电路和离线的实验测量,具有实现简单、输出波形谐波含量小等特点,较好地降低了系统在低频时输出电流的脉动。仿真与实验表明该算法有效、可行。     

基于级联H桥变频器的极相调制感应电机驱动系统

高压电机配用高压变频器具有较大的节能性和高效性,已有广泛应用。级联H桥多电平变频器采用模块化设计理念,通过多个相同的低压变换单元级联起来实现高压及大功率的功能,且变频器输出电流谐波较小。极相调制感应电机可以将传统三相电机的控制方法和极相调制模式结合起来,使电机转矩和转速范围得到扩展。为此介绍一种级联H桥多电平变频器拖动极相调制感应电机变频起动和调速,该电机的定子绕组可配置为9相4极和3相12极。通过仿真验证了级联H桥多电平变频器能够满足极相调制感应电机的变频调速性能和极相调制矢量控制性能,可为新能源发电、船舶推进、工业传动等高压大功率领域提供技术保障。     

多电平双移30°永磁同步电机的矢量控制系统

为了进一步提高调速系统的容量,降低输出谐波和转矩脉动,将多电平逆变器与多相电机相结合,给出了五级十一电平级联型多电平逆变器驱动双移30°永磁同步电机的六相调速系统拓扑结构,分析了电压空间矢量在各正交空间的分布,研究了基于双级联型逆变器的四矢量空间矢量脉宽调制（SVPWM）算法。基于Matlab的仿真将级联型多电平逆变器驱动的双移30°永磁同步电机矢量控制系统与两电平逆变器驱动的双移30°永磁同步电机矢量控制系统进行比较,前者的转矩、稳态电流等性能均优于后者,其稳态电流总谐波畸变率仅为2.68%。基于 DSP的实验表明级联型多电平逆变器输出波形接近正弦波,转矩脉动较小,稳态电流谐波含量低,达到了预期的控制效果,从而验证了本文所提方法的可行性。     

Direct Flux and Torque Regulation in a PWM Inverter-Induction Motor Drive

A dc motor drive is controlled by varying the armature current and field current. The field is a measure of flux, and the armature current times field current is a measure of torque. Various approximate means of estimating the flux and torque levels in an induction motor exist. Most of these methods are sensitive to motor parameter value changes and do not work well near zero speed. Also, the harmonics in the motor voltage and current due to the nonsinusoidal inverter waveform cause errors in the estimated torque. A practical method has been developed to measure the flux level in an induction motor in the actual operating environment. Using the flux signals and stator current, the actual electromagnetic torque can be obtained. This torque signal responds correctly to motor saturation and inverter voltage waveform harmonics. The motor can be designed to operate without the customarily required flux margin, since the flux level is accurately controlled. The control strategy for use with these feedback signals does not require the use of a tachometer.     

A New Quick-Response and High-Efficiency Control Strategy of an Induction Motor

New quick-response and high-efficiency control of an induction motor, which is quite different from that of the field-oriented control is proposed. The most obvious differences between the two are as follows. 1) The proposed scheme is based on limit cycle control of both flux and torque using optimum PWM output voltage; a switching table is employed for selecting the optimum inverter output voltage vectors so as to attain as fast a torque response, as low an inverter switching frequency, and as low harmonic losses as possible. 2) The efficiency optimization in the steady-state operation is also considered; it can be achieved by controlling the amplitude of the flux in accordance with the torque command. To verify the feasibility of this scheme, experimentation, simulation, and comparison with field-oriented control are carried out. The results prove the excellent characteristics for torque response and efficiency, which confirm the validity of this control scheme.     

The Use of Harmonic Distortion to Increase the Output Voltage of a Three-Phase PWM Inverter

By adding a measure of third harmonic to the output of each phase of a three-phase inverter, it is possible to obtain a line-to-line output voltage that is 15 percent greater than that obtainable when pure sinusoidal modulation is employed. The line-to-line voltage is undistorted. The method permits the inverter to deliver an output voltage approximately equal to the voltage of the ac supply to the inverter. Thus an induction motor of standard rating with respect to the ac supply to the inverter can deliver very nearly full power at rated speed when supplied from the inverter. This is achieved without pulse dropping or any other form of mode-changing.     

Quick regulation of sinusoidal output current in PWMconverter-inverter system

An induction motor drive system composed of a current output-type power converter and a current source inverter with sinusoidal input and output voltage/current is presented. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies with GTOs are applied to the converter and the inverter sections from the point of view of reduction of the current harmonics and suppression of the motor torque pulsations. A simple method for quick regulation of the AC output current amplitude is presented and applied to the PWM inverter section. To demonstrate the improvement in the current response of the inverter, a slip frequency/current regulation of an induction motor is considered. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic operations of the motor are shown. The merits and demerits of this control method are discussed