转炉底吹枪优化布置的数值模拟

为了优化转炉底吹搅拌效果,以某钢厂转炉为研究对象,运用软件Ansys-Fluent建立三维Euler数学模型,研究了底枪支数对底吹氩转炉内钢液混匀行为的影响规律。结果表明,4支底枪分布,单支底吹流量大,熔池内回流区发展充分,底吹元件不易堵塞,并且熔池内钢液的平均速度大,弱流区、低速区和死区的范围小,混匀时间短,是最佳的底枪支数分布。部分底枪集中布置的8支和12支分布,流动形式等效于4支底枪分布,但能量的利用率较低,这种多支底枪分布有利于熔池上半部分的混匀,但是由于底吹元件多,单支底吹流量小,对炉底的搅拌作用差。实践表明,采用4支底枪分布,转炉吹炼终点各项技术指标得到很大的改善,与数值模拟结果相符合。     

大型氧气底吹炉熔池数值模拟及工艺参数优化

底吹炉大型化是目前氧气底吹炼铜技术重要发展趋势,但大型底吹炉熔池搅拌状况不明晰。以某企业大型氧气底吹炉为研究对象,建立大型底吹炉等效简化模型。分析了大型化底吹炉“准稳态”过程,探究大型底吹炉熔池流动状况,选定熔池气含率、熔体平均速度和湍动能作为大型氧气底吹熔池状态评价指标,研究了渣层厚度、喷吹流量、氧枪夹角对熔池流动的影响。结果表明,在渣层厚度65~70 cm、喷吹流量控制在0.60~0.65 kg/s、氧枪夹角达到30°~40°条件下,熔池搅拌情况较好。     

100t顶底复吹转炉冶炼过程的水力学模拟研究

以100 t顶底复吹转炉与氧枪工艺参数为基础,采用冷态模拟方法,研究了熔池深度、枪位、顶吹和底吹气体流量对转炉冶炼效果的影响规律。结果表明,100 t顶底复吹转炉的熔池深度控制在1.25 m以内,有利于延长炉底的使用寿命;枪位控制在60~90 mm(实际枪位为1.25~1.5 m)范围内、顶吹流量为37 Nm3/h(实际流量为21 000 Nm3/h)时,能提高搅拌强度,保证适当的熔池冲击深度以及最小的炉口喷溅量。     

大型富氧底吹铜熔炼炉气-锍-渣多相流模拟及澄清区优化研究

铜富氧底吹熔炼作为先进的铜冶炼技术被广泛应用,针对国内单体最大铜底吹熔炼炉存在的熔炼效率低、渣含铜过高的问题,进行了底吹炉内气-锍-渣多相流场的三维数值模拟研究。以改善熔池搅拌、降低渣含铜为目标,对氧枪数量、熔池深度进行了优化。结果表明,改变靠近排渣端氧枪数量对延长澄清区长度、降低渣含铜具有显著的积极影响。关闭2支氧枪后,渣-锍澄清区相较于原工况延长了27.425%(0.925m),关闭4支氧枪后,渣-锍澄清区延长了50.165%(1.695m)。根据熔池搅拌区气含率和搅拌均匀性,得出熔池较优的深度范围为1.5～1.7m。     

电弧炉氧枪搅拌特性及熔池混匀效果的试验研究

采用1∶10水模型对100t电弧炉炉壁氧枪搅拌特性和熔池混匀效果进行了试验研究。研究了炉壁氧枪水平角、垂直角、气体流量及氧枪布置等对熔池各区域搅拌效果和混匀时间的影响。试验结果表明,相对于垂直角而言,水平角对熔池各区域的流动和混匀有更为显著的影响。熔池混匀时间随气体流量的增大而减小,但气体流量增大会导致熔池喷溅量增大,且熔池液体对炉底的冲刷增强。对比两种不同的氧枪布置方案,采用原型分布且氧枪水平角为10°时,整个熔池具有最好的混匀效果。     

转炉超音速氧枪喷头磨损后的吹炼特性变化

 转炉氧枪喷头会随枪龄的增加发生不同程度的侵蚀,为了探究氧枪喷头侵蚀程度对超音速气体射流吹炼特性的影响,建立了120 t转炉及超音速氧枪的三维全尺寸几何模型,研究了氧枪喷头不同磨损角度对气体射流特性、熔池速度及壁面侵蚀的影响。发现随着磨损角度增加,射流速度衰减加快,射流核心区长度缩短,同一等速线长度缩短,射流中心最大速度和最大速度点距中心距离增大。射流动压衰减速度随磨损角度增加而加快,磨损角度由0增至20°,距喷头端面1.5 m处最大动压减小了14.84%,14 000 Pa等压线包围面积由0.038 m2减小至0.002 m2。钢液面处高速区面积随着磨损角度增加而减小,死区面积随着磨损角度增加而增大。熔池纵截面高速区域主要分布在冲击凹坑和底吹元件附近,低速区域主要分布在熔池底部,死区主要分布在熔池底部中心和炉壁下部区域。当熔池深度小于0.6 m时,顶吹气流对熔池的搅拌起主要作用,磨损角度增加,熔池搅拌能力变弱,熔池横截面高速区面积减小,低速区和死区面积增大;当熔池深度大于0.6 m时,底吹气流对熔池搅拌起主要作用,高速区面积基本不变。渣-金作用区域和底吹流股附近流体湍动能较大、壁面剪切应力较为集中,该部位耐火材料侵蚀严重。熔池壁面附近流体湍动能和壁面剪切力随磨损角度增加而降低,转炉炉衬侵蚀速度减小。     

工艺参数对120t转炉顶底复吹影响的水模型研究和应用

进行了120 t转炉几何相似比1:7的4因素5水平正交水模型实验,研究氧枪距离熔池高度(200~280 mm)、顶氧枪流量(72.5~99.0 m~3/h)、底吹流量(0.8~2.4 m~3/h)、底吹气孔(4~8孔)位置分布对转炉顶底复吹的影响。结果表明,底吹气孔位置分布是影响熔池搅拌效果的最重要的因素。当选取氧枪距熔池高度h=240mm,顶枪吹气体流量Q_1=99.0 m~3/h,底吹气体流量Q_2=2.4 m~3/h,底吹气孔(6孔)位置D(4)时,熔池搅拌效果最佳。120 t转炉顶底复吹生产Q235B钢应用结果得出,顶吹流量25 000 m~3/h,底吹流量560~800 m~3/h,底吹6孔布置吹炼14~16 min、钢水终点[C]0.14%~0.18%,碳氧积0.002 3~0.002 5,熔池搅拌效果良好。     

100 t顶底复吹转炉水力学模型研究

利用100t顶底复吹转炉进行水力学模型实验,研究纯底吹条件下不同底吹供气元件布置方案对熔池搅拌效果的影响,在此基础上,设计正交试验,分别研究复吹条件下底吹流量、顶吹流量和枪位对熔池混匀时间、冲击直径及冲击深度的影响.研究结果表明:底吹供气元件布置方案对熔池混匀效果影响很大;在顶底复吹条件下,顶吹流量对熔池混匀效果影响最大,且对于熔池冲击直径和冲击深度,顶吹流量和枪位起主要作用,底吹流量对其影响不大.     

变角氧枪对熔池弱搅拌区影响的数值模拟研究

针对唐钢50 t转炉冶炼条件,采用Fluent软件对氧气射流—钢液两相间相互作用进行了数值模拟研究,分析了变角氧枪作用下熔池内钢液流场、枪位及喷孔倾角对弱搅拌区比率的影响规律,为变角氧枪结构优化提供了理论依据。结果表明:与非变角氧枪相比,变角氧枪作用下钢液流场更均匀;熔池底部存在弱搅拌区,随着枪位的提升,熔池弱搅拌区比率有所增加;除喷头F外,研究的变角氧枪作用下熔池的弱搅拌区比率普遍低于非变角氧枪;在同一枪位下,与对角喷孔倾角相差0.5°相比,对角喷孔倾角相差1°时,熔池内弱搅拌区比率更低;在研究的9个喷头中,喷头D(11°/12°)作用下熔池内弱搅拌区比率最小。     

120t复吹转炉底吹布置对熔池混匀的影响

转炉底吹的布置和流量控制对转炉熔池混匀的影响至关重要，是决定碳氧反应、脱磷反应的动力学条件。为了给国内某钢厂120 t转炉的底吹供气元件布置方式提供理论依据，通过水模试验，研究了不同底吹布置方案及底吹流量对熔池搅拌均匀混合时间的影响，为确定最优底枪布置方式提供参考。结果表明，在保持其他参数一致的条件下，转炉底吹采用环形布置，底枪夹角为40°、底吹半径R=0.55D的混匀效果较好；通过比较发现，非对称布置混匀效果要优于环形对称布置。实际应用过程中，若考虑对炉龄的影响，建议选择环形对称布置方式(夹角40°、R=0.55D);若忽略对炉龄的影响，建议选择非对称布置方式。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.