风力致热系统中贮热装置性能的实验研究

介绍了贮热装置的主要相变材料（５２＃精石蜡）和主要传热元件（重力式热管），讨论了这种贮热装置总贮热量和换热能力的实验测试，探讨了贮热室相变材料的温度对贮热效率的影响。     

带定形PCM的相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的数值模拟

该文提出了以一种定形相变材料作为贮热介质的新型地板辐射采暖系统，建立了相应的理论模型，并作了数值模拟。研究发现熔点在32℃左右的定形相变材料是该系统较理想的贮热材料，计算结果表明相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统控制简单，不仅节省能源，而且能提供舒适的热环境。     

相变蓄热材料应用于盐梯度太阳池的研究进展

传统盐梯度太阳池(以下简称太阳池)利用盐水的显热蓄热,导致太阳池蓄热密度低,太阳池温度的昼夜变化大,并且受提热影响明显,高温及提热不足情况下,容易导致梯度层失去稳定性.石蜡等低温相变蓄热材料应用于太阳池有利于解决上述问题,文中论述了相变蓄热材料添加到太阳池中的研究现状及发展趋势.     

利用单水浴法测量相变贮热材料及其构件的贮热能力

发展了一种用于测量相变贮热材料及其构件贮热能力的单水浴法。这种方法使用一个其中盛有一定量水的恒温水浴，将水温从T1均匀加热到T2,利用热流片测出通过水浴各壁面的热损，用消耗的电能扣除热损后即得到加热水所消耗的电能Qw；之后将待测相变材料或其构件浸没在水中，将水浴温度调到T1,并从该温度均匀加热到T2，同时利用热流片测出通过水浴各壁面的热损，消耗的总电能扣除相应的热损后即得加热水和相变材料或其构件所消耗的电能Qw＋pom;Qw＋pom减去Qw即为相奕材料或其构件从温度T1升高到T2所吸收的热能，即相变材料或其构件在温度区间[T1，T2]上的贮热能力。利用该方法对一种定形相变材料的贮热能力的测试结果与DSC分析的结果相差不到2％，还利用该方法对颗粒状定形相变材料与混凝土共混成型的贮热构件的贮热能力进行了测试。     

贮能系统组合式相变材料的相变温度分布特性研究

本文在总结作者前期相关研究工作的基础上，应用有限差分法对组合式相变材料贮能系统进行了数值模拟，重点探讨了相变温度分布对系统相变时间的影响。结果表明：①在忽略显热条件下导出的最佳线性相变温度分布与组合式相变材料的最佳相变温度分布相同；②与传统单一相变材料贮能系统相比，通过合理布置相变温度分布，组合式相变材料的贮能系统蓄能－释能速率可提高２５￣４０％。     

太阳能高温贮能及其利用

一、前言采用高效低成本贮能技术,就可以将太阳能从一种间歇性能源转变为一种连续性的能源。从而,推动太阳能在各个领域的应用。特别是在建筑领域中应用。在太阳能的热利用中,相变贮能较之其他贮能有更多的优点,作为太阳能相变贮能介质。卤盐、硝类贮能材料在多次循环使用时,因过冷现象使系统存在不稳定性,加之盐类对容器的腐蚀问题尚待进一步解决,因而妨碍了其大规模的商业应用,国外研究开发以锗和硅作相变贮能材料,以石墨为容器的贮能装置,用于卫星上贮存太阳能。     

脂肪酸二元体系相变贮热性能的研究

用差示扫描量热法研究了月桂酸－棕酸和月桂酸－硬脂酸两个二元体系的固－液相变,发现它们都具有良好的贮热性能,因而是一类有前途的相变贮热材料。     

变温相变材料贮能研究：（一）理论探讨

本文建立了变温相变材料（ＰＣＭ）贮能的一维传导模型，分析了恒温相变、线性相变温度分布和抛物线相变温度分布对ＰＣＭ相变时间的影响，在忽略显热条件下导出了相变率与相变时间的关系式并获得了最佳线性和最佳抛物线性相变温度分布。结果表明，具有特定相变温度分布的ＰＣＭ在贮能系统中的应用能够显著提高蓄能、释能速度。     

定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统数值模型的实验验证及参数分析

根据在北京进行的定形相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统的实验情况，作者对已建计算模型进行了修改，修改后的模型的计算结果与实验结果符合较好。在此基础上利用该模型研究了定形相变材料的熔点、相变潜热、相变半径及电加热功率等关键参数对相变贮能式地板辐射采暖系统热性能的影响。     

相变贮热材料的DSC研究

用ＤＳＣ法研究了多元醇，层状钙钛矿等几种相变材料的热物理性能，它们都是有希望的贮热材料，实验所得数据是评价和选择这些材料的主要依据。     

Experimental investigation and performance analysis on a solar adsorption cooling system with/without heat storage

A solar adsorption cooling system which can be switched between a system with heat storage and a system without heat storage was designed. In the system with heat storage, a heat storage water tank was employed as the link between the solar collector circulation and the hot water circulation for the adsorption chillers. However, the heat storage water tank was isolated in the system without heat storage, and the hot water was directly circulated between the solar collector arrays and the adsorption chillers. It was found that the inlet and outlet temperatures for the solar collector arrays and the adsorption chillers in the system without heat storage were more fluctuant than those of the system with heat storage. Also found was that the system with heat storage operated stably because of the regulating effect by the heat storage water tank. However, under otherwise similar conditions, the cooling effect of the system without heat storage was similar to that of the system with heat storage. Compared with the system with heat storage, the system without heat storage has the advantages of higher solar collecting efficiency as well as higher electrical COP.     

相变胶囊堆积形态对蓄热系统性能的影响分析

建立相变蓄热胶囊的三维有序及无序堆积模型,在此基础上分析相变蓄热胶囊有序及无序对蓄热系统特性的影响。通过对蓄热系统的蓄热量、蓄热用时、蓄热效率及系统内温度分布等关键性能指标情况分析,提出一种判定蓄热终点的新方法。结果表明:当采用有序堆积时系统的各项性能指标最优,叉排堆积时蓄热效率最低,而无序堆积时蓄热总量最少。另外,换热流体流速增加可加快蓄热过程,但此时蓄热系统蓄热效率较低。     

管壳式蓄热装置的设计及蓄热单元三维数值模拟与优化

为弥补太阳能间歇性的缺点,设计了管壳式蓄热装置并建立了一个三维的、非稳态的、液态石蜡包含自然对流的相变蓄热装置模型,在该模型中取一个蓄热单元进行模拟研究。蓄热单元为圆柱体,内部放置石蜡,中心位置为传热管,热水通过传热管和传热管上的翅片对石蜡进行加热。对蓄热单元的蓄热过程进行了三维数值模拟,分别分析比较了有无自然对流条件,不同蓄热单元放置,以及增加内外翅片情况下蓄热单元的蓄放热性能,研究结果可为蓄能装置及集成系统的开发提供理论依据。     

热化学蓄热系统研究进展

热化学蓄热通过可逆化学反应来储存和释放热量,其蓄热密度高于显热蓄热和相变蓄热,且能够实现能量的长期储存,在未来能源利用领域具有广阔前景。根据热化学蓄热系统的结构,可将其分为开式系统和闭式系统。本文针对开式系统和闭式系统,对蓄热材料、环境气氛条件、反应过程优化以及反应器设计等影响系统性能的重要因素进行概述与讨论,为热化学蓄热系统的发展和实际应用提供参考。     

Experimental research on thermal characteristics of a hybrid thermocline heat storage system

Considering the high-temperature thermal utilization of solar energy as the research background in this paper and focussing on the heat storage process, a kind of hybrid thermocline heat storage method in multi-scale structure and relevant experimental systems are designed by using the mixed molten nitrate salt as the heat storage medium and two representative porous materials, i.e. zirconium ball and silicon carbide (SiC) foam, as the heat storage fillers. The fluid flow and heat storage performance of molten salt in multi-scale structure are experimentally investigated. The results show that the theoretical heat storage efficiencies amongst the three experimental heat storage manners are less than 80% because of the existence of thermocline layers. Comparing to the single-phase molten salt heat storage, the two hybrid thermocline heat storage manners with porous fillers lead to a certain decrease in the effective heat storage capacity. The presence of porous fillers can also help to maintain the molten salt fluid as ideal gravity flow or piston flow and partially replace expensive molten salt. Therefore, it requires a combination of heat storage capacity and economical consideration for optimization design when similar spherical particles or foam ceramics are employed as the porous fillers.     

Thermal efficiency analysis of the cascaded latent heat/cold storage with multi-stage heat engine model

The cascaded thermal storage technique has emerged as an important solution for efficient conversion and utilization of thermal energies. In this paper, an exergy optimization was performed for cascaded latent cold/heat storage using multi-stage heat engine model. The optimization solution for both heat storage and cold storage systems was obtained, which was used for guiding the selection of PCMs with two examples presented. Cascaded thermal storage with increased stage number can not only extend temperature band for multi-grade thermal energy, but also reduce the exergy of the outlet HTF. It was found that heat transfer enhancement (improving NTU) is very necessary for a cascaded thermal storage system. The COP of cold energy may be greater than 1, which is also higher than that of heat for the same temperature difference in a cascaded thermal storage system. The increased environment temperature improves the COP of the cascaded cold storage (from 0.54 to 0.68) but reduces that of the cascaded heat storage (from 0.42 to 0.366). In the practical design of the cascaded thermal storage system, the stage number should be determined by balancing economics and system complexity.     

基于潜热填充床的双向变粒径结构热性能分析

为改善潜热填充床的储/释热性能，提出了一种优化的双向变粒径球形储热单元填充结构，并基于实验室搭建的中高温相变储热实验系统，模拟分析了该结构相较于传统结构对填充床储/释热效率和时间的影响。结果表明，在保证相同储热量下，双向变粒径结构能够有效的提升储/释热效率，延长有效热流输出的时间。其中20:30:20（体积比1:1:1）的双向变粒径结构输出有效热流的时间为6685 s，放热功率为846.1 W，相对于其他的填充结构，综合热性能最好。该研究能够为进一步实现储热系统能量的高效稳定与梯度利用做铺垫。     

Latent heat storage for solar energy systems: Transient simulation of refrigerant storage

This paper presents a brief review of the available latent heat storage systems for solar energy utilization. A new concept of latent heat storage of solar energy via the refrigerant-absorbent mass storage in absorption cycle heat pump systems used for solar space heating/cooling has been proposed and assessed thermodynamically. A computer modelling and numerical simulation study shows that the concept of refrigerant storage is fundamentally sound, technically feasible and yields the following advantages over other storage methods: (i) the storage capacity per unit volume is high as the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant is high; (ii) the heat loss from the storage to the surroundings is minimum as the storage temperature is near the ambient; (iii) prolonged energy storage is possible with no degradation in system performance and hence suitable for combined solar heating and airconditioning. The effects of operating parameters on the energy storage concentration and storage efficiency have been studied in detail.     

辅助火电机组调峰系统的储热参数设计研究

目的  为适应原有火电机组对新能源电力消纳的需求,提高其调峰能力是关键因素之一。 方法  储热系统作为燃煤热电机组“热电解耦”的重要方式,评价其参数匹配性具有工程参考价值。文章采用一种耦合储热装置来增加燃煤机组深度调峰能力的方法,并结合热负荷以及电负荷的功率曲线,对储热装置参数的影响规律展开了系统研究。 结果  结果表明：以区域负荷曲线为典型案例,随着储热罐的储热容量和充放热速率参数的提高,储热系统对机组的热负荷调节能力先逐渐提升并在分别在112.75 MW和129 37 MW·min时达到上限,此时深度调峰参数为77 MW左右;此外,储热容量与充放热速率具有一定的匹配关联,二者中瓶颈因素将直接制约系统的深度调峰性能。 结论  通过对储热和放热边界情景的积分,精确的展示了储热罐在辅助调峰过程的中作用,同时结合其运行策略的优化设计能够进一步分析储热辅助调峰系统的参数匹配关系,为后续火电机组耦合储热系统的参数设计提供参考。     

Comparison of heat storage systems employing sensible and latent heat

This study makes an evaluation of the performances of heat storage systems destined for power plants with a discontinuous power source such as nuclear fusion. Two classes of heat storage systems are investigated: heat storage systems based on first sensible heat storage and second latent heat storage. Both classes of heat storage systems are evaluated both from a thermodynamic point of view, inquiring whether the irreversibility of the system stays limited or not, and from an economic point of view, examining whether the system makes proper use of the heat storage capacity present. It is shown that an unambiguous conclusion that one is superior to the other is not possible and that the operating conditions and the configuration of the phase‐changing materials play an important role. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.