选择性吸附金属离子的新型螯合纤维的研究进展

基于螯合纤维吸附金属离子是目前吸附分离学科研究的热点,其关键在于制备高吸附容量和高吸附选择性的螯合纤维。螯合纤维可以用于放射性金属、责金属、过渡金属和稀土金属离子的回收、富集和分离等方面。本文讨论了选择性吸附金属离子螯合纤维的分类、螯合纤维的合成与吸附性能以及螯合纤维的应用,从配位原子和化学改性的角度综述了近年来国内外螯合纤维的合成与吸附性能的研究进展,并展望了螯合纤维研究的发展方向。     

高强聚乙烯醇螯合纤维去除铅离子的研究

以经缩苯甲醛及半碳化处理后的高强聚乙烯醇纤维为原料,与巯基乙酸酯化反应将巯基基团引入合成纤维骨架,制成一种新型的功能纤维-聚乙烯醇螯合纤维,研究了它对铅离子的吸附性能.试验表明,巯基聚乙烯醇纤维螯合容量较大,反应速度较快,尤其是机械强度好,方便于以各种方式应用,对溶液中铅离子的富集及铅污染检测技术的开发具有很大的实用价值.     

硫代酰胺基螯合纤维的合成及其吸附性能研究

以腈纶为起始原料,分别经水合肼、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺预交联后,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作溶剂与硫化钠反应,合成了三种携硫代酰胺功能基可达6.8mmol/g(干纤维)的螯合功能纤维。探讨了溶剂、反应温度、反应时间、pH等对反应产物的影响,利用红外光谱、元素分析、热稳定分析、重量分析等对该螯合纤维的结构、性能等进行了表征,并就其对金属离子的吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明:螯合纤维对Au3+、Ag+、Pd2+等贵金属离子具有良好的吸附性,对Ag+的吸附容量可达1510mg/g(干纤维),对Au3+、Pd2+的吸附容量分别为800mg/g(干纤维)和21.2mg/g(干纤维)。     

螯合纤维的制备——聚丙烯腈纤维改性

聚丙烯腈纤维与羟胺试剂通过化学反应,腈基转变为偕胺肟基团,使聚丙烯腈纤维改性成为对金属离子具有螯合能力的螯合纤维。系统地探讨和研究了聚丙烯腈纤维改性的实验参数:反应温度、时间、反应物浓度、酸度等。并用红外光谱对螯合纤维进行表征。     

含氨基螯合纤维的制备 Ⅰ．前驱纤维的制备

将N-乙烯基甲酰胺(NVF)与丙烯腈(AN)的共聚物溶液进行湿法纺丝,制备了含氨基螯合纤维的前驱纤维。研究了凝固条件、纺丝工艺、后处理条件对纤维的结构和性能的影响。结果表明:凝固浴中二甲基甲酰胺溶剂质量分数为20％,湿热拉伸倍数3．0、干热拉伸倍数3．5,纤维断裂强度达3．5 cN／dtex。扫描电镜观察表明纤维为圆形多孔断面,具有较高的孔隙率,适合于制备高效的螯合纤维。     

偕胺肟基螯合纤维的研究进展

介绍了偕胺肟基螯合纤维的制备方法及其与金属离子作用的螯合机理、吸附等温线、吸附反应影响因素等;概述了偕胺肟基螯合纤维在提取金属、废水处理净化等方面的应用;综述了对偕胺肟纤维—金属离子配合物应用于离子交换与吸附材料、抗菌纤维、催化剂等方面的研究;展望了偕胺肟基螯合纤维的发展趋势;指出制备力学性能较好的偕胺肟基螯合纤维的关...     

甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能

把甲壳胺纤维与CuSO4和ZnSO4的水溶液处理后,通过控制处理的时间可以使纤维吸附不同含量的金属离子。研究了纤维上的金属离子的含量对纤维的物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,吸附金属离子后,纤维的干强和湿强都有明显的增加。纤维上的金属离子可以被EDTA的水溶液洗去,从而可以使纤维重复地应用于废金属离子的回收利用。把甲壳胺纤维进行乙酰化处理后,纤维可以在固体状态下转化成甲壳素纤维。实验结果表明,乙酰化后的纤维失去了它们对金属离子的螯合性能,从而证明了甲壳胺纤维的螯合性能主要来自于纤维上的自由胺基团。     

环境功能材料及其在环境治理和资源回收中的应用

论述了环境材料的含义及研究内容。扼要介绍了新型功能高分子材料，特别是纤维状吸附分离材料－活性碳纤维、离子交换纤维及螯合纤维的结构、性能特征及其在水和大气处理和资源回收方面的应用。     

聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的研究进展

回顾了聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维近年的研究进展,介绍了聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的制备方法,螯合机理以及其应用情况,并对今后聚丙烯腈基螯合纤维的发展进行了展望。认为开发具有消臭、抗菌等多功能纤维,制备纳米金属/聚丙烯腈基复合纤维,将会被更多关注,前景乐观。     

新型螯合纤维对重金属离子吸附性能的研究

本文研究了由聚(N-乙烯基甲酰胺／丙烯腈)水解得到的一种新型螫合纤维的合成、结构特征和螯合性能。这种纤维包含了高密度的螯合基像脒基、氰基和酰胺基等。研究结果显示了该纤维对金属离子有很高的束缚能力，对Cu^2 ，Cr^3 ，CO^2 和Ni^2 的最大吸附量分别为108．46，87．03，137．68和105．06mg／g。吸附在螫合纤维上的金属离子经洗脱后可回收，螯合纤维可以反复使用。     

新型整合纤维及其应用

介绍了三环整合纤维种类、制备方法,整合纤维对金属离子吸附性能及影响因素。在多种整合纤维中偕胺肟基整合纤维最为普遍,因骨架不同制备方法有多种。整合纤维性能优越,在金属离子交换与吸附,制备功能材料方面有广泛的应用。     

Synthesis and application of cotton‐based chelate fibers grafted with poly(1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole) side chains

Cotton‐based chelate fibers grafted with poly(1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole) (PVTAZ) side chains were synthesized facilely by ozone‐induced graft polymerization of 1‐vinyl‐1,2,4‐triazole (VTAZ) monomer onto cotton fibers. The synthesis conditions were optimized to improve the yield and mechanical strength of the products. The obtained cotton‐g‐PVTAZ fibers were characterized and evaluated for batch adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ag(I), Pb(II), and Cu(II) on the fibers at pH 6.8 was 522, 330, and 184 mg/g, respectively. At 30% graft yield, the Young's modulus of cotton fiber increased about 26.5%, and its adsorption capacities of Ag(I), Pb(II), and Cu(II) increased about 2.6, 1.9, and 1.4 times, respectively. After washed with 0.1 mol/L HNO₃ solutions, the adsorbed metal ions were eluted, and the regenerated cotton‐g‐PVTAZ fibers could be used repeatedly for water treatment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41617.     

Interaction of poly(2-vinyl pyridine 1-oxide) with mercuric ions

The interaction of poly(2-vinylpyridine 1-oxide) with mercuric chloride forms a stable chelate with mercuric ions in contrast to the monomer analogue 2-methylpyridine 1-oxide. Conductivity and u.v. measurements showed that chloride ions are not involved in the chelate formation and that the molar ratio of Hg²⁺ to the oxide is 1 to 2 in excess mercuric chloride. Viscosity measurements suggest that the chelate is a polyelectrolyte and is formed in both neutral and acid solution. 0.2% HgCl₂ causes a remarkable drop in the viscosity of 0.4% polymer solution whereas a similar concentration of CaCl₂ has no effect. Temperature change from 27–45°C has little effect on the stability of the chelate. The possible use of this polymer for removing mercuric ions from aqueous solution is discussed.     

The preparation and properties of chelates of transition metal ions with the homopolymer and copolymers of p-vinylbenzoylacetone

p-Vinylbenzoylacetone (VBA) was prepared by the condensation of p-vinylacetophenone and ethyl acetate. This monomer was homopolymerized and copolymerized with acrylamide or maleic anhydride to produce polymers which would chelate substantial amounts of transition metal ions such as Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Eu³⁺, and VO²⁺. In the case of the Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ chelates, about 80–90% of the metal ion could be eluted by dilute mineral acids. The resulting eluted products apparently have a somewhat porous structure because they are capable of rechelating these ions from water solution, even though the solid homopolymer which had not been chelated and eluted is too hydrophobic to chelate very much metal ion from water solution. The eluted Cu²⁺ chelate readily reaccepted Cu²⁺ ions from water solution and discriminated against Ni²⁺ almost completely. However, the eluted Ni²⁺ chelate would reaccept both Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, but exhibited a strong preference for Cu²⁺ ions in competitive batch experiments. The VO²⁺ chelate was an effective heterogeneous phase catalyst for the epoxidation of allyl alcohols such as geraniol with tert-butylhyroperoxide. The chelate was stable under these oxidative conditions and could be recovered unchanged and reused.     

Synthesis of chelate resins derived from furfural and their adsorption properties for metal ions

A series of new chelate resins were synthesized by ring‐opening polycondensation of the reaction mixture of furfural with diethanolamine, using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and the resulting chelate resins were employed in the adsorption for metal ions Bi, In, Sn, V, Ga, Y, Ti, and Pb. The composition, structure, and properties of the resulting chelate resin were studied by means of fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum (EPR), and elemental analysis methods. Meanwhile, the adsorption properties of the resulting chelate resins for the above metal ions were investigated by inductively‐coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) procedures. The results show that the resulting chelate resins hold the structure consisting of hydroxyl groups, amine groups, and conjugated π bonds, as well as more crosslinkages, and so they exhibit a good reactivity and chemical stability. The adsorption experiments show that the chelate resins could well adsorb V, Ga, Y, Ti, and Pb in a wider acidity range and exhibit a good adsorption selectivity. Particularly, the chelate resins could adsorb and desorb for Pb, Bi, In, V, Y, and Ti, quantitatively, in the given conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1620–1626, 2006     

Structural model calculation of antimicrobial and antifungal agents derived from clay minerals

The silver chelate of 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole was exchanged for the interlayer cation of Li-taeniolite and Na-montmorillonite. The structure of the resulting films was derived from the (00l) relative intensities observed by X-ray diffraction. Four arrangements of the chelate between the silicate layers were considered, and the projected area of the chelate for each orientation was calculated. In Li-taeniolite the projected area available for one positive charge was too small to allow full exchange of the interlayer lithium cations by the silver chelate. On the other hand, the sodium ions in montmorillonite could readily exchange with the bulky silver chelate. Structural model calculation on the resulting clay film indicated that the silver chelate was oriented vertically between the layers of montmorillonite with its extremities at the center of linked the ditrigonal cavities.     

抗燃与阻燃纤维的现状和发展趋势与建议

抗燃纤维是指纤维分子结构具有梯形、高度交联、金属螯合或芳杂环类不燃纤维,而阻燃纤维是指遇火焰时仍会烧,但移开或离开火焰时具有自熄性的纤维。这些纤维极限氧指数和耐热性较高,在火焰中不释放有害气体,也不熔滴。论述了国内外PAN预氧化纤维、酚醛等4种抗燃纤维及聚四氟乙烯、间位芳酰胺、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚等7种阻燃纤维的现状和发展趋势,并提出了我国的发展建议。     

新型碳酸盐矿物抑制剂的制备及应用研究

ＹＺＳ是一种有机螯合剂，在磷矿浮选中能和矿浆中的Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋，Ｆｅ＾３＋等多种金属离子生成稳定的螯合物，提高浮选选择性，从而有效抑制方解石，白云石及其他脉石矿物。