新型转盘萃取塔在己内酰胺生产中的应用

探讨了转盘萃取塔在己内酰胺精制中萃取效率的影响因素,影响转盘萃取塔传质性能的主要因素是级间的轴向返混和沟流。介绍了新型转盘萃取塔的设计及其在70 kt/a己内酰胺精制装置中的工业应用效果。与原装置转盘萃取塔的运行情况比较,新型转盘萃取塔内的固定环平面增加了筛孔挡板,能有效抑制转盘萃取塔内的轴向返混,提高转盘萃取塔的传质效率。     

2kt/a乙醛酸法香兰素装置木酚萃取塔的设计

叙述木酚萃取塔在2kt/a乙醛酸法香兰素装置中的作用,介绍木酚萃取塔的设计过程,以及在实际生产中的运行效果。     

转盘萃取塔在净化湿法磷酸中的应用

在改进型转盘萃取塔中,以磷酸三丁酯（TBP）为萃取剂,航空煤油为稀释剂,对不同浓度的湿法磷酸进行萃取净化,并以蒸馏水为反萃剂对萃取相进行反萃。研究结果表明：转盘萃取塔用于萃取净化湿法磷酸具有良好的适用性,在适宜的操作条件下能取得较好的萃取和反萃效果。实验转盘塔在运行过程中稳定性较好。在该萃取体系下,Ф50mm转盘萃取塔的理论级当量高度约为0．65m。     

工程教育专业认证视角下萃取实验装置的设计与改进研究

本文在工程教育专业认证视角下对萃取综合设计型实验装置进行设计与改进。在对原桨叶萃取实验装置存在的问题进行总结与分析的基础上对萃取塔形式进行选择,并对往复振动筛板萃取塔与转盘萃取塔进行设计,同时,对液位控制与分析方法进行改进,取得了良好的效果。     

糠醛精制转盘塔的瓶颈分析及其技术改造

本文分析了糠醛精制转盘萃取塔的现状和局限性,介绍了新型填料萃取塔的研究和应用进展,提出了采用ＱＨ－１型扁环填料的技术改造方案。通过对上海炼油厂糠醛精制转盘塔技术改造的实践,　说明ＱＨ－１型扁环填料萃取塔用于糠醛精制具有突出优点。     

萃取塔设备研究和应用的若干新进展

溶剂萃取是一种重要的化工分离技术,在湿法冶金、原子能化工、石油化工等领域有着广泛的应用。萃取塔优点突出但设计放大困难。本文介绍了国外萃取塔数学模型和设计放大研究概况及其最新进展,并较详细地介绍了我国萃取塔设备的研究、创新和应用。鉴于脉冲筛板塔在核工业中的重要地位,着重介绍了在汪家鼎先生指导下所进行的脉冲筛板塔两相流体力学、纵向返混和传质特性等方面的系统研究工作,指出所形成的以特性速度进行塔径放大和考虑纵向混合的按基本原理进行脉冲筛板萃取塔放大设计的体系具有重要的普遍意义。所创制的"分散-聚并型"脉冲筛板塔性能优越,已在大型工业装置中得到成功的应用。也介绍了在我国广泛应用的转盘萃取塔、填料萃取塔和脉冲填料萃取塔的研究、创新和应用情况。其中在理论研究基础上创制的新型转盘萃取塔(NRDC)、内弯弧形筋片扁环填料(SMR)和挠性梅花扁环填料(PFMR)性能优良,推广应用效果显著。     

转盘式萃取塔在氧化蜡水洗中的应用

转盘塔是一种高效液一液萃取设备。国内外在石油、化工等行业已迅速推广。它多应用于丙烷脱沥青、润滑油糠醛精制、己内酰胺的三氯乙烯萃取和水萃取、水洗丁二酸等。转盘塔是一个立式圆筒。筒内壁装有等距离的固定环,中心轴上于固定环正中间装有动盘,可随中轴旋转。整个装有转盘的部分为萃取段,另于塔上下部有沉降段,由栅板与萃取段隔开。轻相液(氧化蜡)由塔下部萃取段进。     

偏心转盘塔萃取净化湿法磷酸的研究

探讨了偏心转盘塔用于蒸馏水/湿法磷酸/磷酸三丁酯（TBP）和航空煤油实验体系的萃取特性,研究了转盘雷诺数、停留时间、相比等因素对萃取和反萃取的影响。结果表明：在优化的操作条件下,偏心转盘塔具有较高的萃取效率。萃取的最佳操作条件：当相比为4、停留时间为30 min、转盘雷诺数约为2 300时,磷萃取率可达53.77%;反萃取的最佳操作条件：当相比为6、停留时间为25 min、转盘雷诺数约为6 500时,磷反萃率可达到90.66%。     

转盘塔设计方法的改进

表征分散程度的特征速度u_o是转盘塔萃取过程中流体力学特性的重要标志。本文介绍了等u_o转盘塔的设计计算方法,并用返混系数作为控制过程的约束条件,从而可使物系的传质处于较佳状态。文中以氧化石蜡的水洗过程作为设计计算的实例。     

一种新型高粘性物料萃取设备

本文讨论了多种形式塔盘结构对粘度高达187～2426cP物料萃取效果的影响。对塔内径为142mm及500mm的萃取塔,分别对转盘、栅板塔盘、齿形塔盘、多孔转盘以及网格塔盘进行静态传质实验。结果说明,网格塔盘传质效果最好。此外,还对塔内径为152mm、高为2m的转盘塔和网格塔进行两相逆流传质实验并进行比较,证明新型网格塔传质效率可提高一倍以上。并获得网格塔传质单元高度与转速、流率、粘度及滞存率等各因素的关联式。     

乙酰甲胺磷萃取工艺

研究了不同溶剂对废水中乙酰甲胺磷的分配系数,采用二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷分段萃取的工艺可有效降低生产成本,采用转盘萃取塔可使废水中乙酰甲胺磷的含量降到1％以下。     

石油工程承包商也能实现高效发展——美国H&P公司高效发展对我国石油工程企业发展的启示

中国石化近几年石油工程专业化重组的目标之一,就是推动石油工程业务由承包商向技术服务商转变,从而提升石油工程业务的盈利能力。当前业内普遍认为,以钻井、修井业务为主的石油工程企业属于石油工程承包商,具有盈利能力差的特点。然而,美国HP公司以其发展实践告诉我们,只要采取适当的发展策略,石油工程承包商同样能实现高效发展。     

乙酸乙酯提浓塔的模拟与优化

通过选取合适的热力学模型,对乙酸乙酯提浓塔的操作进行模拟,与实际操作数据相比,误差在5%以内。对提浓塔的理论塔板数、回流量和进料位置等参数进行分析,得到了最优化的设计参数。     

From simulation studies to experimental tests in a reactive dividing wall distillation column

The design and control of thermally coupled distillation sequences have been studied since many years, but the real implementation occurred until middle of the 1980s using a single shell divided by a wall named dividing wall distillation column. In this work, experimental results for the production of ethyl acetate in a reactive dividing wall distillation column are presented for first time. The experimental results are in agreement with those obtained using steady state simulations with AspenONE Aspen plus. These experimental results are important since it is possible to validate most of the previous results generated using simulations.     

PMC项目管理模式

介绍了项目管理承包商（PMC）的主要工作内容及PMC的项目管理特色，并以南海工程项目为例，对PMC的执行过程做了初步探讨。     

Nonlinear state estimation and control of a batch reactive distillation

This paper deals with the advanced adaptive control of a batch reactive distillation (RD) column for the production of ethyl acetate. The nonlinear adaptive control law consists of the generic model controller (GMC) and an adaptive state estimator (ASE). In the first part of the present work, the design approach of the ASE scheme in two different forms, namely ASE1 and ASE2, has been addressed for a batch reactive rectifier. The predictor model of both the ASE estimators includes only a component mole balance equation around the condenser-reflux drum system and an extra state equation having no dynamics, and therefore, there is a large process/predictor mismatch. In presence of this structural discrepancy, the adaptive estimation schemes compute the imprecisely known parameters quite accurately based on the measured distillate composition under initialization error, disturbance and uncertainty. In the subsequent part, the adaptive GMC–ASE1 control structure has been formulated for the sample reactive column. This nonlinear control strategy shows comparatively better closed-loop performance than the gain-scheduled proportional integral (GSPI) controller due to the exponential error convergence capability of the estimation scheme and the high-quality control of the GMC law.     

催化反应精馏技术连续制备乙酸乙酯

在直径３０ｍｍ的催化反应精馏塔中进行合成乙酸乙酯的研究，考察了酸醇比、进料流量、回流比、进料位置等因素对过程的影响，在本实验最优条件下，塔顶可获得酯含量大于９４％的产品。     

对二甲苯萃取精馏分离乙醇-丙酸乙酯共沸物

利用COSMO-SAC模型对常用萃取剂进行筛选,进而确定对二甲苯适合作为分离乙醇-丙酸乙酯二元共沸物系的萃取剂,并利用汽液平衡实验验证了所选萃取剂的分离效果。结果表明对二甲苯能够分离乙醇-丙酸乙酯共沸物系。采用Aspen Plus模拟软件对乙醇-丙酸乙酯-对二甲苯三元体系进行了连续萃取精馏模拟,并获得了适宜的工艺参数：萃取精馏塔中,理论塔板数为60块,原料进料位置为第50块塔板,萃取剂进料位置为第25块塔板,回流比为7,溶剂比为0.8,塔顶乙醇的含量可达到99.85%;溶剂回收塔中,理论塔板数为30块,进料塔板的位置为第11块塔板,回流比为6,塔顶得到丙酸乙酯的质量分数为99.0%。     

Design,optimization, and control of reactive distillation column for the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether

The temperature–composition cascade strategy was proposed to control the reactive distillation (RD) process for the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether. Aspen Split tool was adopted to obtain the design parameters of the column from the viewpoint of separating tert-amyl alcohol, ethanol, and water. The proposed procedure which included optimization and sensitivity analysis was implemented to optimize the design parameters of the column and obtain the sensitive variables simultaneously, without requirement to run various simulations. In those optimized conditions, the proposed control strategy was introduced to manage the RD process by changing the sensitive variables. From results of the dynamic simulation, it can be known that the proposed strategy was able to handle disturbances while maintain the tert-amyl ethyl ether product purity and quickly reach the steady state. Therefore, the proposed control strategy was regarded as the effective control structure and could successfully control this RD system.     

Effects of Liquid Holdup in Condensers on the Start‐Up of Reactive Distillation Columns

Compared with start‐ups in conventional distillation columns, those in reactive distillation (RD) columns are much more time and energy consuming, and generate a large amount of by‐products which are not easy to deal with together. For several years, researchers have been trying out different methods to shorten the time required to lower the cost of the start‐up. In this work, a rigorous dynamic model in the ChemCAD simulator is applied to model the start‐up process for the esterification of ethyl acetate in a reactive distillation column. In the model, two sets of equations are employed: one for the fill‐up and heating stage and the other for the equilibration process which follows. In the fill‐up and heating stage, fluctuation curves of the reboiler temperatures with respect to time which are similar to those for conventional distillation columns are observed, while in the equilibration process it is found that the increase of the liquid holdup volume in the condenser reduces the time required to reach steady state for the reactive column and decreases the liquid holdup volume in the reboiler at the equilibrium state. This shows that the liquid holdup volume in the condenser has an important effect on the start‐up of reactive distillation columns.