DID检测器气相色谱仪用于稀有气体分析

叙述了DID检测器应用于稀有气体分析,以增加电场梯度方式提高氦中氖的检测灵敏度.     

浓度法测定保鲜膜透气性的测定值校正方法

介绍了用一种结构简单、易于操作的浓度法测定保鲜膜透气性的装置及其测定原理和方法,并提出了一种采用浓度法测定保鲜膜透气性时,对取样带来的误差进行校正的方法。测试过程中,取样会引起样品室内气体总压力和样品气体含量的下降,从而给测定结果带来误差,校正时需要在取样前后分别测定样品室内气体的总压力。     

Reliability of Measurements of the Natural Gas Flow Rate and Volume in Gas Distribution Organizations

The proposed new approach to the procedure for measuring the flow rate and volume of gas under standard conditions in gas distribution organizations increases the reliability of the measurements. It is based on identical transformations of the Clapeyron-Mendeveleev equation, with modifications, and takes into account the composition of the natural gas and the recommendations of Federal Law No. 69-FZ (article 19) of March 31, 1999, about natural gas certification by Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. Use of the modified Clapeyron–Mendeleev equation is shown to changes the form of the transformation functions of various primary measuring transducers (turbine, rotary, vortex, ultrasonic, etc.) under the conditions of actual measurements.     

动态光散射在烟气颗粒粒径分析中的应用

本文阐述了动态光散射测量的基本原理,尝试性地利用动态光散射技术进行了气体中烟气颗粒的粒径测量.利用Brookhaven公司的BI-9000相关器搭建测量平台,探索了动态光散射技术在气体中测量烟气颗粒粒径的方法,分析了在测量中遇到的关键问题,如烟气颗粒浓度.颗粒吸附作用等,并初步提出解决问题的方案.本文先后对两种不同的烟草样本进行实验,两组测量数据表现出明显的差异,同组数据在一定范围内波动,说明了动态光散射在烟气颗粒测量中有一定的应用潜力.     

用于放射性气体活度绝对测量的LND内充气正比计数管计量特性测试

利用中国计量科学研究院电离辐射研究所初步设计的气体测量装置,测试LND正比计数管的高压坪特性,以及环境的本底干扰,并分析实验结果,计算能量响应效率,并讨论内充气正比计数管的工作条件,作为搭建气体活度绝对测量装置系统的基础.实验结果表明,LND内充气正比计数管工作高压坪曲线坪区为1500-1700 V,坪长为200 V,坪斜率约为10％/100 V,其计数结果受高压晃动与环境干扰明显.     

The Properties of Gas Flows for Different Flow Conditions Through Laval Nozzles

For all possible types of gas flow through a Laval nozzle, a group of “operating” conditions are distinguished with particular properties characteristic for these conditions, which open up the possibility of effectively solving the problems involved in designing instruments for measuring gas flow rate and their metrological facilities.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 40–44, April, 2005.     

煤岩材料对瓦斯吸附性能的研究进展

加快推进煤矿区煤层气勘探开发的步伐对推动我国能源结构调整有着重要的现实意义.煤岩材料对瓦斯的吸附性能蕴含了丰富的煤储层信息,对准确评价煤层气开发资源量至关重要.本文介绍了煤岩材料吸附瓦斯机理的研究进展,分析了高压容量法测定煤岩材料吸附瓦斯性能参数存在的问题,并探讨了相应的研究思路.主要介绍了水分、温度、低频振动、可控微波场、电场因素对煤岩材料吸附瓦斯的影响的研究成果,并提出了值得深入探索的方向.     

煤油燃气温度的测量方法研究

在全面分析煤油燃气辐射特性的基础上，结合煤油燃气的具体特点，提出了适合于测量煤油燃气温度的辐射测量方法[4]，并且建立了辐射测温系统，通过对煤油燃气温度的实际测量，验证了辐射测温法测量燃气温度的可行性。     

天然气能量测量不确定度评定

文中以天然气长输管道中超声流量计计量系统为例,通过分析系统配套的超声流量计、温度变送器、压力变送器、流量计算机以及在线气相色谱仪等计量器具对能量测得值不确定度的贡献,分别对其引入的不确定度进行了探讨,分析了能量测量的不确定度评定方法.     

基于双热传导方程的高温燃气温度传感器设计方法

介绍了一种实用型的高温燃气温度传感器,从工况条件出发,阐述了该温度传感器的总体结构设计、敏感元件设计、绝缘瓷管选取、屏蔽罩设计以及外壳设计.在屏蔽罩的关键结构尺寸设计中,提出了一种基于双热传导方程的模型,对高温燃气温度传感器的设计方法进行优化,并在热校准风洞上对设计结果进行了试验验证.结果 表明:在常压条件下,所设计的...     

高精度气体水雾含量测量方法的研究

研究了一种快速高精度测量气体中水雾含量的方法.当含有水雾的气体通过装有玻璃纤维的采样管时,多种过滤机制使水雾沉降到玻璃纤维表面,通过称量玻璃纤维滤筒的重量差,可计算出气体的水雾含量.分析结果表明:当玻璃纤维直径为5 μm时,其过滤层对水雾的收集效率大于99%;采用高纯度的玻璃纤维,可以减小其在烘箱中的失重.当玻璃纤维纯度为99.5%时,经7 h加热后,失重小于0.1 mg;玻璃纤维床层阻力和收集效率随液滴平均粒径增大而增加,对于平均粒径为1 μm 的水雾粒子,其收集效率大于99.5%.玻璃纤维过滤法比吸附法和光学法测量精度高,重复性和稳定性好,且测量结果不受环境和气体温度的影响.     

基于LabVIEW的气体微流量测量虚拟仪器的开发

运用LabVIEW6．1开发了用于气体微流量测量的虚拟仪器，阐明了该虚拟仪器的硬件结构、软件设计思想和具体实现，结合实验数据对不确定度进行了分析。该系统具有测量精度高、界面友好、运行稳定可靠、功能便于扩展等特点。     

Gas pixel detectors for X-ray polarimetry applications

We discuss a new class of micro pattern gas detectors, the gas pixel detector (GPD), in which a complete integration between the gas amplification structure and the read-out electronics has been reached. An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) built in deep sub-micron technology has been developed to realize a monolithic device that is, at the same time, the pixelized charge collecting electrode and the amplifying, shaping and charge measuring front-end electronics. The CMOS chip has the top metal layer patterned in a matrix of 80 μm pitch hexagonal pixels, each of them directly connected to the underneath electronics chain which has been realized in the remaining five layers of the 0.35 μm VLSI technology. Results from tests of a first prototype of such detector with 2 k pixels and a full scale version with 22 k pixels are presented. The application of this device for Astronomical X-ray Polarimetry is discussed. The experimental detector response to polarized and unpolarized X-ray radiation is shown. Results from a full MonteCarlo simulation for two astronomical sources, the Crab Nebula and the Hercules X1, are also reported.     

Gas jet study in microgravity environment

In this article we report on the variations of behaviour, shape, size and density profile of a CO2 gas jet near the laminar regime, during the transition from macro (1.8G) to microgravity (0G) experienced on board a A300 ZERO-G Airbus performing parabolic flights, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Schlieren imaging techniques. Both optical techniques used have been successful in visualizing and measuring the gas jet, suggesting their use to further develop optical methods for detecting in real time and analysing small gas leaks in macro, normal and microgravity environments, with potential industrial applications to aerospace, aeronautics and in the production, storage and transport of gaseous and volatile substances.     

双氧法测量烟气再循环率及不确定度分析

为准确测量、计算得到烟气再循环率,在燃气组分及浓度不变的情况下,基于化学反应平衡方程式推导得到烟气再循环率的计算公式,进而提出测量燃气锅炉烟气氧浓度和烟气-空气混合气氧浓度的双氧法。为定量分析测量结果的质量,基于国标中的GUM法对双氧法进行不确定度评定,并根据不确定度要求为仪器选择提出指导意见。研究发现,当烟气氧浓度测量结果为1.91%、混合气氧浓度测量结果为18.64%时,通过双氧法计算烟气再循环率R为13.45%,扩展不确定度为1.56%。混合气氧浓度测量不确定度对双氧法扩展不确定度影响很大,在选择测量仪器时,混合气氧浓度测量仪器的扩展不确定度可小于烟气氧浓度测量仪器。     

硫化氢气体检测仪检定注意事项及常见故障处理

硫化氢气体检测仪作为检测环境中硫化氢气体含量的计量仪器,要保证其检测结果的准确可靠,以便能够及时发现硫化氢气体泄漏,有效预防人身伤害以及爆炸事故的发生,依法合规地开展硫化氢气体检测仪的检定和正确地使用维护非常重要。本文在总结大量日常检定工作经验的基础上介绍了硫化氢气体检测仪在检定过程中需要注意的细节问题,并且针对一些常见的故障及其产生的原因进行了分析,提出了具体的解决方法。     

Reasons for the Understatement of the Volume of Natural Gas under Standard Conditions from the Readings of Meters and the Possibility of Eliminating Them

It is proved that it is necessary to introduce corrections into the readings of meters for measuring the volume of natural gas in a fixed time interval to reflect the change in the values of the absolute pressure, temperature, and composition of the gas (the density under standard conditions). The error in the meter for calculating the amount of natural gas under actual measurement conditions can only be determined by carrying out an expert metrological examination based on data on the ranges of variation of the absolute pressure, temperature and density under standard vendor conditions and errors in measuring them.     

Dynamics of a Highly-Degenerate, Strongly-Interacting Fermi Gas of Atoms

We use all-optical methods to produce a highly-degenerate, Fermi gas of ⁶Li atoms near a Feshbach resonance, where strong interactions are predicted. In this regime, the zero-energy scattering length is larger than the interparticle spacing, and both the mean field energy and the collision rate take on universal forms as a consequence of unitarity and many-body interactions. Our experiments study universal hydrodynamic expansion of the gas and universal mean field interactions. By measuring the cloud radii of the trapped gas, we determine a universal parameter for strongly interacting two-component Fermi systems, the ratio of the mean field energy to the kinetic energy.     

标准气体气瓶体积膨胀的精确测量

目前普遍采用称量法制备标准气体,在此过程中气瓶体积膨胀所引入的空气浮力的不确定度贡献不可忽视。设计了一个气瓶充气膨胀率测量装置,该装置可以控制气瓶内充入气体的压力,并利用精密移液管测量气瓶体积的膨胀量,从而准确计算出气瓶的充气膨胀率。利用该装置对国内常见的2L、4L和8L铝合金气瓶进行了测量,结果显示气瓶体积的膨胀与充入气体的压力近似成线性正相关。而且气瓶外观体积越大,充气膨胀率的数值越大,量值之间也呈现出较强的相关性。基于获得的气瓶充气膨胀率数据,可以进一步降低气瓶体积膨胀对瓶内充入气体质量的不确定度贡献,从而使气体质量的计算更加精确。     

SnO2气敏元件灵敏度及选择性的复阻抗分析

运用复阻抗谱方法,在不同浓度乙醇与汽油气体中,测试SnO₂厚膜气敏元件的电抗-频率关系曲线,由电抗的变化来标定元件的灵敏度．与以往的测试采用直流电参量标定灵敏度相比,复阻抗测试不仅提高了元件的灵敏度,而且显著改善了选择性．该结果表明复阻抗测试不仅反映元件在气体吸附或解吸时晶粒间界处晶界电阻的变化,也反映了晶界电容的变化,因而更能体现气敏机制的本质．