变速生长的MnSb／Sb共晶相间距选择

用自制的具有可靠变速特性的定向凝固装置,研究了ＭｎＳｂ／Ｓｂ共晶在阶跃增、减速抽拉的变速生各式各样 ,相间距的变化行和调节机制。     

加Sb变质对Al—Si12.7%合金共晶硅生长的影响

采用自制的连续定向凝固装置，借助ＳＥＭ和ＦＥＭ考察了在较大生长速度范围内，（Ｒ＝３０－２５００μｍ／ｓ）Ａｌ－Ｓｉ共晶的生长过程，着重考察了Ｓｂ变质元素的影响。发现加Ｓｂ变质后较未加变质剂时，硅相的微观结构特征没有明显变化，但更倾向于等温生长。其生长方式与未变质时相同。     

含Sm的Sb-Mn合金自生复合材料与磁性能

采用Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ法制备了ＳｍＭｂＳｂ化合物在微米惊工上定向规则排列的含Ｓｍ的Ｓｂ－Ｍｎ合金自生复合材料。研究了Ｓｍ对复合材料组织的影响和不同含Ｓｍ量下的共晶平界面生长条件。结果表明：加入Ｓｍ使Ｓｂ－Ｍｎ合金复合材料的磁化强度呈大幅增提高，并使其在室温和高温下均呈易轴磁化特征。但当含Ｓｍ化合物，磁化强度有所下降，提高生长速度，形成一相枝晶加两相共晶混和组织，尽管其磁化强度较完全两相共晶复合材料低     

Mg-9Al合金铸造凝固模型

在热力学基础上建立了Mg-9Al合金的铸造凝固模型。考察了Mg-9Al合金在铸造凝固条件下的固相分数、体积收缩和微观偏析行为。模拟结果表明，在本凝固条件下，合金实际凝固结束温度在共晶温度附近而不是固相线温度。凝固过程中的体积变化也是非线性的。在凝固初始阶段收缩较大；当剩余液相到达共晶成分时收缩较小。在凝固后期由于发生共晶转变，产生剧烈的凝固收缩。模拟结果与实验测试相符合。     

YAMAHA100活塞合金在铸铁金属型中凝固特点的研究

根据对ＹＡＭＡＨＡ１００活塞合金在ＨＴ２００铸铁试验金属型中凝固过程铸件温度场场和凝固组织的研究，指出：该合金铸件的凝固方式，随着铸型壁厚Ｓ与铸件模数Ｍ的比值的增大，有从体积凝固方式向逐层凝固方式方式转变的趋势，但在先共晶凝固阶段仍以体积凝固方式为主，在共晶凝固阶段，由于温度梯度的增大及共晶凝固温度间隔的减小，凝固方式转为以逐层凝固为主；但当Ｓ／Ｍ值很大时，铸件中的温度梯度在共晶凝固阶段又转而变小     

Al—Si合金的区晶共生区及组织形成规律

本文利用定向凝固、金相、电子显微技术及Ｘ射线择优取向分析等手段对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的组织形态、相结晶特性等与凝固条件的依赖关系进行了研究并定量获得了低温度梯度下（Ｇ＝４５℃／ｃｍ）Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的共晶共生区，实验表明：Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的共晶共生区形态十分复杂，随凝固速度的提高，共生区变得狭窄并向富Ｓｉ方向倾斜，共生区的复杂性相关于合金组织对凝固条件的敏感性，而形貌的多样性取决于共晶相本身的结晶学特。当存     

Al－Si合金的共晶共生区及组织形成规律

本文利用定向凝固、金相、电子显微技术及Ｘ射线择优取向分析等手段对Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的组织形态、相结晶特性等与凝固条件的依赖关系进行了研究并定量获得了低温度梯度下（Ｇ＝４５℃／ｃｍ）Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的共晶共生区．实验表明：Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金的共晶共生区形态十分复杂，随凝固速度的提高，共生区变得狭窄并向富Ｓｉ方向倾斜．共生区的复杂性相关于合金组织对凝固条件的敏感性，而形貌的多样性取决于共晶相本身的结晶学特点．当存在内部扰动或外部条件不稳定时，合金中可能出现几种异常组织和缺陷．     

变速定向生长条件下Pb—Sn共晶组织变化

利用改进后的定向凝固装置，研究了在阶跃增速和线性增，减速的变速生长条件下，Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ共晶合金定向凝固共晶组织的变化。实验结果表明，当共晶试样缓慢线性增速或减速时，定向生长共晶片间距的调节分别通过两相共晶片的逐步分叉或合并缓慢进行；当共晶试样增速和减速的加速度值相同时，实际共晶生长速度的变化过程呈对称的逆曲线。     

变速定向生长条件下Pb－Sn共晶组织变化

利用改进后的定向凝固装置，研究了在阶跃增速和线性增、减速的变速生长条件下，Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ共晶合金定向凝固共晶组织的变化。实验结果表明：当共晶试样缓慢线性增速或减速时，定向生长共晶片间距的调节分别通过两相共晶片的逐步分叉或合并缓慢进行；当共晶试样增速和减速的加速度值相同时，实际共晶生长速度的变化过程呈对称的逆曲线。     

灰铸铁共晶度与抗拉强度的关系

在大量试验数据的基础上，建立起生产条件下共晶度Ｓｃ与抗拉强度σｂ之间的函数关系。通过化学成分调整和炉前处理，控制共晶度，有利于稳定和提高铸件品质。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.