氮气压力对Si3N4-SiC-TiN陶瓷自蔓延燃烧合成的影响

以TiSi₂为反应原料, SiC 作稀释剂, 利用自蔓延高温合成(SHS) 方法合成Si₃N₄2SiC2TiN 复相陶瓷。计算了氮气压力对毛坯反应物理论转化率的影响, 并在50 、100 和150 MPa 三种氮气压力下进行了燃烧合成。结果表明, 孔隙率为50 vol %的压坯在三种条件下反应都比较完全, 反应物转化率随氮气压力增加而提高。而孔隙率为40 vol %的压坯在较低氮气压力下燃烧反应变得不完全, 产物中残留大片Si 。当压力为150 MPa 时产物中未出现单质Si 。说明氮气压力增大有利于氮气向反应前沿的渗入, 进而提高反应物的转化率。      

热压BN掺杂SiAlON陶瓷的致密化过程研究

以Si3N4粉、AlN粉、Y2O3粉以及BN粉末为原料，采用热压烧结（HP）方法在N2气氛、1900℃条件下制备BN掺杂α-SiAlON陶瓷，研究BN掺杂SiAlON陶瓷的致密化过程。BN粉末经造粒形成粒径约为0．5mm的球形颗粒，其掺量分别为SiAlON原始粉末质量的5％和10％。研究结果表明：BN的掺量对BN／SiAlON陶瓷的收缩趋势和致密化过程的温度范围无影响，BN掺量不同的两条相对收缩量曲线吻合得非常好，收缩均始于1650℃左右，结束于1705℃；在烧结温度相同的情况下，较高的BN掺量有助于提高BN／SiAlON陶瓷烧结过程的收缩速率和样品的总收缩量，在促进致密化进程的同时能够提高陶瓷的致密度。     

Si3N4-SiC—TiN陶瓷反烧结制备工艺研究

以TiSi2、SiC和Mo粉为原料,在毛坯孔隙率、SiC含量及Mo含量不同的情况下进行反应烧结制备Si3N。基陶瓷。结果表明：随着毛坯致密度的增加,复合陶瓷的致密度先增加后减小,而TiSi2的转化率却一直下降;随着SiC含量的增加,复合陶瓷的致密度先增加后减小,致密度在SiC含量为40％时达到最大,而TiSi。的转化率随SiC含量增加而增加;此外,随着Mo含量的增加,复合陶瓷的致密度也略有增加;氮化硅相主要以针状晶粒、等轴颗粒、棒状晶粒和晶须存在,而在Si3N4-TiN—MoSi2--SiC复合陶瓷中出现弯曲的丝状Si3N4相。     

Si3N4-SiC-TiN陶瓷燃烧合成工艺研究

以TiSi2和SiC为原料,利用SHS方法合成Si3N4-SiC-TiN复相陶瓷.在不同稀释剂含量及氮气压力下进行燃烧合成,计算了毛坯转化率和产物相对密度,并对产物进行了XRD分析.结果表明,氮气压力增高有利于提高转化率及产物相对密度.反应物转化率随稀释剂含量增加而增大.孔隙率为53%(体积分数)毛坯,稀释剂SiC含量为35%(质量分数)压坯相对密度达到最大值,且当稀释剂含量高于35%(质量分数)时,SiC发生氮化反应,生成Si3N4和C.     

自蔓燃高温合成氮化硅粉体的研究

研究了自蔓燃高温合成方法制备氮化硅粉体,借助于XRD、SEM等检测方法,分析了自蔓燃高温合成氮化硅过程中硅粉粒度、氮气、温度、稀释剂与孔隙率等方面对反应产物的影响,并对反应机理进行了分析。由于有添加剂氯化铵的存在,反应中不是单纯的硅粉氮化反应。只要控制反应中的工艺参数,就可以采用自蔓燃得到不同相含量的Si3N4粉体;考虑到燃烧温度,在氮化硅粉体的合成过程中,涉及到3个反应机制:低温机制、中温机制、高温机制;氮气压力下硅粉的自蔓燃合成反应,必须要引入Si3N4稀释剂,来控制反应温度和反应速度,获得不同相含量的粉体。压坯气孔率控制在30%～70%,否则反应不能进行金属硅粉的粒度细,合成的Si3N4中α相含量高。     

Si3N4基复相陶瓷材料的制备及力学性能

基于高马赫数导弹天线罩为应用背景,以Si粉、BN粉、SiO2粉为主要原料,采用反应烧结法制备Si3N4基复相陶瓷材料,探讨了原料组成以及制备工艺对力学材料性能的影响规律,采用SEM观察了材料的断口形貌.结果表明:当原料中Si、BN和SiO2的含量分别为55%、30%和10%时,采用分段升温烧结工艺制备的材料力学性能最好,强度达到94.3MPa,断裂韧性1.69MPa·m1/2,模量45.2GPa.     

CVD BN界面层对Si3N4/SiBN复合材料弯曲性能的影响

连续Si3 N4纤维以其优异的热稳定性、高温力学性能和介电性能,被认为是耐高温陶瓷基透波复合材料的候选材料之一.采用连续Si3 N4纤维为增强体,以BCl3+NH3+H2+Ar反应体系,利用化学气相沉积工艺在Si3 N4纤维表面制备了BN界面层,并以聚硅硼氮烷为陶瓷先驱体,通过先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了Si3 N4/SiBN复合材料.研究了CVD BN界面层的合成及其对Si3 N4/SiBN复合材料弯曲性能的影响.结果表明:在Si3 N4纤维表面获得了均匀致密的BN界面层,该界面层有效改善了复合材料中纤维/基体的界面结合力,复合材料显示出典型的韧性断裂特征.当界面层的厚度为200 nm时,Si3 N4/SiBN的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为182.3 MPa和17.3 MPa·m1/2,比无涂层的复合材料分别提高了59.6％和94.4％.     

AIN粉末特性对AIN—BN复合陶瓷致密化的影响

以比表面积分别为4．26和17．4m^2／g两种A1N粉末为原料，添加5％Y2O3作为烧结助剂制备AIN15BN陶瓷（质量分数，％），研究了A1N粉末特性对复合陶瓷致密化过程的影响。结果表明，A1N粉末比表面积对复合陶瓷致密化有重要影响，比表面积高的AIN粉末所制备的复合陶瓷致密化过程主要发生在1500-1650℃，1650℃烧结3h后，复合材料的相对密度达95．6％，继续升高温度，对材料的密度影响不大；而低比表面积的A1N粉末所制备的复合陶瓷的致密化过程主要发生在1650～1850℃，1850℃烧结3h，复合陶瓷的相对密度为86．4％。即高比表面积的AIN粉末有利于获得相对密度高的A1N—BN复合材料。     

高压气-固燃烧合成h-BN-SiO2和h-BN陶瓷材料的研究

采用高压气-固燃烧合成法制备了密度为1.79g/cm^3的h-BN-SiO2陶瓷和密度为1.7g/cm^3的h-BN陶瓷,抗弯强度分别为76MPa的42.8MPa,硬度分别为212(HV）和108（HV）。分析了氮气压力和初始孔隙率对反应物燃烧和产物的影响,结果发现适当的初始孔隙率和氮气压力条件下对于（h-BN-SiO2;48%≤ρ≤52%,75MPa≤P≤85MPa;对于h-BN;48%≤ρ≤52%,95MPa≤P≤100MPa）可以得到无裂纹的产物。产物中的片状h-BN颗粒为各向同性,高的氮气压力导致h-BN颗粒尺寸增大,同时发现h-BN-SiO2产物中SiO2以玻璃相的形式存在于晶相B7O的边缘,B7O的产生与原料SiO2及其氧化物杂质有关。     

稀释剂量对反应烧结Si_3N_4陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以工业Si粉为原料,α-Si3N4粉为稀释剂,聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用反应烧结工艺制备了Si3N4陶瓷。研究了稀释剂量对反应烧结Si3N4陶瓷的体积密度、开气孔率、相组成、微结构、弯曲强度和抗热震性的影响。结果表明,随稀释剂量的增加,Si3N4陶瓷的体积密度从2.27g/cm3降至2.04g/cm3,开气孔率从23%升至33.8%。Si3N4陶瓷由α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4和少量单质Si组成。Si3N4主要以针状晶形式存在,残留Si呈不规则块体。随着稀释剂量的增加,4组Si3N4陶瓷的三点抗弯强度分别为119MPa、112MPa、146MPa和113MPa;经50次800℃至室温空冷热震后,其强度保持率分别为81.5%、90.2%、87%和88.5%,表现出较好的抗热震性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.