新型干法水泥窑捕集纯化(减排)二氧化碳探讨

介绍了全套外燃式旋窑高温煅烧碳酸盐矿物质生产工艺及装备的技术原理、技术组成、可应用领域及生产特点,以5000 t/d水泥熟料新型干法窑拟建年减排5万t CO2为例,给出了全套具体方案、相关参数及对水泥窑的影响;介绍了目前常规的CO2捕集纯化技术存在的问题、CO2产品的主要用途等.     

利用“外燃式高温煅烧碳酸盐矿物质旋窑”实现窑尾废气CO2减排及脱硫的技术

随着以CO2为首的温室气体排放量急剧增加，全球气候变暖等环境问题日益严峻。在此背景下，分析了目前水泥窑减排CO2的技术措施及应用情况，介绍了外燃式高温煅烧碳酸盐矿物质旋窑技术，分析了该技术及相关装备的研究开发过程。重点介绍了利用“外燃式高温煅烧碳酸盐矿物质旋窑”实现窑尾废气CO2减排及脱硫的技术方案及原理，该技术虽还没有在水泥行业得以实际生产应用，但可在水泥窑减排CO2方面提供有益的参考。     

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术及工程实践

项目利用200 t/d炉排炉和5 000 t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线协同处置天等县200 t/d城乡生活垃圾。介绍了水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾技术工艺流程及技术特点,广西天等水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾项目相关情况、设计特点及运行效果,其中水泥线产量及热耗,以及窑尾二恶英、酸性气体及重金属等污染物排放指标都符合相关设计标准。     

碳中和目标下的水泥工业低碳技术研究

介绍了世界水泥工业低碳技术。水泥行业的碳减排对我国实现碳中和目标的影响重大,迫切需要水泥行业通过技术创新驱动实现绿色低碳发展。针对水泥工业的碳排放主要来源,碳减排技术路径主要包括能源效率提升、原/燃料替代、低碳水泥、碳捕集利用和封存。比较分析了国内外典型的水泥窑替代燃料技术。从水泥窑尾烟气中捕集CO2,除了富氧燃烧和化学吸收法外,还包括直接分离的捕碳技术。介绍了水泥窑捕集到的高浓度CO2进行资源化利用的技术途径。     

出磨水泥氯离子含量异常偏高的问题及处理

我公司有3条3　000t/d（3～5号窑）、1条5　000t/d（6号窑）生产线,水泥生产为2台Φ4.2m×13m（4、5号磨）闭路磨、2台Φ3.2m×13m（6、7号磨）带辊压机闭路磨。3、4号窑配套7万t蒙古包式熟料库,供4台水泥磨使用,5号窑配套1万t熟料库、6号窑配套2万t熟料库,水泥磨配套6座万吨水泥均化库。日常生产水泥氯离子含量在0.030%左右,本文介绍一次出磨水泥氯离子含量偏高的原因和处理过程。     

两代水泥窑纯余热发电技术及相关问题比较研究

0引言 目前，国内具有水泥窑余热发电工程设计、技术开发能力的数家单位，以利用日本KHI技术及设备建设的宁国水泥厂和柳州水泥厂纯余热电站为蓝本，推出了几种水泥窑纯余热发电的热力循环系统并已在上海万安1400t／d、浙江三狮2500t／d及5000t／d等数条预分解窑生产线上实际应用。本文对目前我国新型干法水泥窑纯余热发电几种热力循环系统、循环参数、废气取热方式的特点及发电能力进行了研究、分析和比较，并介绍了作者提出的第二代水泥窑纯余热发电技术的特点及实际应用工程——山水昌乐水泥有限公司2500t/d新型干法窑3．3MW（汽轮机为1980年生产的NK3．0—2．4／3851日机组）纯余热电站，该系统已于8月6日调试结束。希望本文对水泥生产企业建设余热电站的决策及水泥窑纯余热发电技术和装备的发展有指导意义。     

开发低碳技术,构建低碳水泥工业体系

低碳水泥工业体系的实质是减排CO2、提高能源利用效率和发展循环经济。开发低碳技术、发展循环经济是实现中国水泥工业可持续发展的重要保证,也是中国水泥实现技术水平全面提升的重要机遇。文章介绍了我国水泥工业发展现状,分析了我国构建低碳水泥体系的优势,探讨了低碳技术的研究内容,归纳了当前CO2减排、捕集与应用技术的国内外的发展动态,如水泥窑协同处置废物、提高能源资源利用效率、CDM机制、CCS技术等,同时提出了应重视CO2产业链的研究与捕获CO2的应用。     

水泥窑干法脱硫技术的新突破

水泥窑干法脱硫技术通常是指将分解炉热生料或外购的CaO、Ca(OH)2等脱硫剂随入窑生料喂入预热器。因投资成本低，该技术得到了广泛应用。本文概述了水泥窑干法脱硫技术及影响其脱硫效率的主要因素，即温度、脱硫剂孔隙结构、烟气CO2浓度和反应时间等。受到上述因素的影响，现有水泥窑干法脱硫技术脱硫效率普遍偏低。提出了水泥窑热生料高效脱硫技术，实际应用表明，该技术具有脱硫效率高、运行成本低等突出优势。     

宽体辊道窑的节能与碳减排核算

随着陶瓷窑炉的不断发展和烧成技术的进步,宽体节能辊道窑越来越多,技术愈来愈成熟,节能效果越来越明显。本文介绍了广东中窑窑业股份有限公司宽体辊道窑的结构特点、节能与碳减排的核算。宽体辊道窑改造完成后年节能量达5200.45 t标煤,每年可以减少化石燃料燃烧产生的碳排放量14041.69 t CO2,减少生产用电蕴含的碳排放量1016.30t CO2。     

2 000t/d预分解窑生产油井水泥熟料的实践

我公司5号窑（预分解窑）年产熟料60万t，主要生产普通硅酸盐水泥熟料。根据市场需求，在公司的统一安排下，5号窑于2003年8月进行了油井水泥熟料试生产。在2000t／d预分解窑生产油井水泥熟料对于我们来说是一种新的尝试和突破，通过生产中不断摸索和实践，我们对油井水泥熟料的生产有了一定的认识。现对其生产及操作过程进行介绍。     

电炉渣水分对水泥易磨性影响研究

对水泥不同孔径筛筛余物进行了化学成分分析,并结合水泥原材料化学成分、易磨性能,分析了不同粒径范围水泥原材料的分布情况及造成其区别的主要原因;探讨了混合材电炉渣水分对水泥易磨性的影响.     

热处理对峨眉山玄武岩易磨性与微观结构的影响

在对峨眉山玄武岩的矿物组成及其基本物性进行分析的基础上,研究了煅烧温度对玄武岩物料易磨性、粉体粒度分布等性能的影响,并借助SEM、XRD等测试手段分析了其微观结构的变化。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,该玄武岩的易磨性得到明显改善,1050℃煅烧试样较未煅烧试样而言,其粉磨功指数由36．60kWM下降到24．13kWh／t,降幅达到34．15％,成品试样中细粉含量显著增加,〈56μm的颗粒含量增加近20％。     

低温胺吸收与矿物碳化相结合的碳捕获和固碳策略

乙醇胺（MEA）吸收法是一种高能耗的碳捕获和固化（CCS）方法,其原因是解吸塔中胺的再生（100~120 ℃）以及CO2的压缩都需要较高能耗。本文介绍了一种新的活性热液相固化（rHLPD）方法,其将MEA吸收法碳捕获工艺与矿物碳化技术结合起来（rHLPD-CS）。结果表明,在较低的温度（60 ℃）下,矿物（硅灰石CaSiO3）碳化分离了MEA-CO2溶液中捕获的CO2,同时形成了抗压强度约为121 MPa的整体材料。这表明,使用rHLPD-CS技术不仅可以降低MEA-CO2中CO2的分离和压缩所消耗的能量,而且还可以使CO2形成增值产品,具有作为建筑和基础设施材料的潜力。     

Achieving Size Independent Hit-Rate in Single Particle Mass Spectrometry

Recent improvements in single particle mass spectrometers make it possible to optically detect, size, and characterize the compositions of individual particles with diameters larger than a micron and smaller than 100 nm. In these instruments, two stages of optical detection are used to generate a precisely timed trigger pulse that is used to fire the ion generation laser or lasers. However, experience shows that the wide particle size range results in significant differences in laser trigger timing between small and large particles. If not treated these differences produce an instrument with size dependent hit-rate. In this case the operator is forced to optimize the instrument for the desired size range, while contending with a significantly lower hit-rate for other particle sizes. This article presents an analysis of the phenomenon and demonstrates that the dependence of laser trigger timing on particle size stems from the differences in the particle position within the detection laser beam at the instant of detection. We demonstrate that it is possible to compensate for these differences by generating, for each particle, a laser trigger delay coefficient that is a function of particle's time of flight, i.e., its vacuum aerodynamic size. The study also shows that a single function can be used to eliminate the size bias for particles with a wide range of densities.     

Improvement of grinding characteristics of Indian coal by microwave pre-treatment

The influence of microwave pretreatment on the grindability of high-ash Indian coal was investigated. Scanning electron microscope analysis characterized the micro fractures in microwave treated coal samples, which may be due to the thermal stress cracking resulting from the microwave pretreatment. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the microwave treated coal had a higher peak compared to the untreated coal indicates that the crystallinity increased with the microwave exposure time. The calculation of the Hardgrove grindability index indicated an increase in the ease of grinding or an increase in the grindability index of the microwave treated coal. Bond grindability tests showed that the work index decreased 15.4% after a microwave exposure time of 120 s. Grindability tests showed that the microwave treated coal ground much more rapidly initially than the untreated coal, with the specific rate of breakage (S₁) increasing by an average of 15%. The results showed that the rates of breakage of both microwave untreated and treated coal samples were dependent on particle size.     

An investigation of the grindability of two torrefied energy crops

The process of torrefaction alters the physical properties of biomass, reducing its fibrous tenacious nature. This could allow increased rates of co-milling and therefore co-firing in coal fired power stations, which in turn would enable a reduction in the amount of coal used and an increase in the use of sustainable fuels, without the need for additional plant. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the pulverisation behaviour of two torrefied energy crops, namely: willow and Miscanthus. A multifactorial method approach was adopted to investigate the three process parameters of temperature, residence time and particle size, producing fuels treated using four different torrefaction conditions. The untreated and torrefied fuels were subjected to standard fuel analysis techniques including ultimate analysis, proximate analysis and calorific value determination. The grindability of these fuels was then determined using a laboratory ball mill and by adapting the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) test for hard coals. After grinding, two sets of results were obtained. Firstly a determination similar to the HGI test was made, measuring the proportion of sample passing through a 75 μm sieve and plotting this on a calibrated HGI chart determined using four standard reference coals of known HGI values. Secondly the particle size distributions of the entire ground sample were measured and compared with the four standard reference coals. The standard fuel tests revealed that temperature was the most significant parameter in terms of mass loss, changes in elemental composition and energy content increase. The first grindability test results found that the untreated fuels and fuels treated at low temperatures showed very poor grindability behaviour. However, more severe torrefaction conditions caused the fuels to exhibit similar pulverisation properties as coals with low HGI values. Miscanthus was found to have a higher HGI value than willow. On examining the particle size distributions it was found that the particle size distributions of torrefied Miscanthus differed significantly from the untreated biomass and had comparable profiles to those of the standard reference coals with which they had similar HGI values. However, only the torrefied willow produced at the most severe conditions investigated exhibited this behaviour, and the HGI of torrefied willow was not generally a reliable indicator of grindability performance for this energy crop. Overall it was concluded that torrefied biomass can be successfully pulverised and that torrefied Miscanthus was easier to grind than torrefied willow.     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体及其烧结性能

以无水氯化铝、无水氯化镁为前驱体和无水乙醇为氧供体,采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体,利用XRD、SEM和激光粒度等表征了粉体晶相、颗粒粒径与形貌及烧结性能。结果表明,在900℃可合成单一镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体,一次粒子平均粒径为50nm左右,存在可通过球磨消除的软团聚,在1600℃烧结3h可以得到气孔少、颗粒结合紧密、相对致密的镁铝尖晶石烧结体。     

非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体及其烧结性能

以无水氯化铝、无水氯化镁为前驱体和无水乙醇为氧供体，采用非水解溶胶-凝胶法合成镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体，利用XRD、SEM和激光粒度等表征了粉体晶相、颗粒粒径与形貌及烧结性能。结果表明，在900℃可合成单一镁铝尖晶石纳米粉体，一次粒子平均粒径为50nm左右，存在可通过球磨消除的软团聚，在1600℃烧结3h可以得到气孔少、颗粒结合紧密、相对致密的镁铝尖晶石烧结体。     

激光衍射散射式测粒技术在聚氯乙烯糊树脂粒径分析中的应用

介绍了激光衍射散射式测粒技术在聚氯乙烯糊树脂(PPVC)粒径分析中的应用情况,讨论了实验条件的优化。结果表明:激光衍射散射式测粒技术的可测粒径范围广、测量过程快速、测量结果准确,能准确地测量具有双峰分布的样品,是测量和表征PVC乳液颗粒粒径及粒度分布的理想方法。     

Iron ore grindability improvement by microwave pre-treatment

The influence of microwave pre-treatment on grindability of iron ore (Orissa, India) was investigated by grindability tests. SEM analysis characterized the micro-fractures in microwave treated sample. This may be due to the thermal stress cracking resulted from microwave energy pre-treatment. XRD analysis showed the crystalline content of the sample. It was found that the microwave treated iron ore has peak more than that of untreated ore, i.e. the crystallinity increased with the microwave exposure time. The calculation of HGGI indicated increase in the ease of grinding or decrease in grindability index of the microwave treated ore. Grindability test showed that the microwave treated iron ore grinds much more rapidly initially than the untreated ore. The results showed that the breakage function of both microwave untreated and treated iron ore is dependent of the particle size. The grindability increased significantly as a result of microwave pre-treatment with the specific rate of breakage (S_i) increasing by an average of 50%. It was concluded that microwave assisted grinding produced good results particularly for grinding characteristics.